İstanbul hükümetlerinin Bursa’da Milli Mücadele’yi önleme girişimleri
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Date
2020-07-31
Authors
Birlik, Gültekin K.
Journal Title
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Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Hem İstanbul’a yakın olması hem de çok sayıda Padişah taraftarının bulunması nedeniyle, başlangıçta Bursalılar İstanbul hükümetlerinin etkisi altında kalmış, Milli Mücadele’ye ise mesafeli olmuştu. Albay Bekir Sami (Günsav) Bey’in Haziran 1919’da Bursa’ya gelişiyle birlikte, bir yandan İstanbul hükümetinin etkisi sınırlandırılırken, diğer yandan Milli Mücadele yönünde çalışmalar başlatıldı. İstanbul hükümeti bölgedeki Milli Mücadele’yi ortadan kaldırmak için, Şubat 1920’de İkinci Anzavur İsyanı’nı başlattı. Bu isyanda İngilizler de etkili oldu. İstanbul hükümeti uyguladığı etkin propagandayla Bigalı ve Gönenlilerin çoğunluğunun isyana katılmasını sağladığı gibi, isyanı bastırmak için toplanan birliklerde firarlara da neden oldu. Anzavur Biga, Gönen ve Bandırma’yı ele geçirdikten sonra Bursa’ya ilerlerken, Milli Mücadele liderlerinin öldürülmesi gerektiğini açıklayan İstanbul fetvası 10 Nisan 1920’de yayınlandı. Anadolu’da karşı fetva yayınlansa da, fetva özellikle erleri etkiledi ve silahlarını isyancılara bırakarak, dağılmalarına neden oldu. Ancak, Bursa’da alınan tedbirlerle, Anzavur İsyanı bastırılarak İstanbul hükümetinin tehdidi ortadan kaldırıldı ve Bursa’nın Milli Mücadele safında kalması sağlandı.
Due to both being near İstanbul and the fact that there were many supporters of the Sultan, the local people of Bursa remained under the influence of İstanbul governments and remained aloof to the National Liberation. With Colonel Bekir Sami (Günsav) Bey’s arrival in Bursa in June 1919, on the one hand, the influence of the İstanbul government decreased and on the other hand, activities towards the National Liberation started. To abolish the National Liberation in the region, the İstanbul government started II. Anzavur Revolt. In this Revolt, the English were effective. The İstanbul government with its efficient campaign made the local people of Biga and Gönen join the Revolt, and caused some dissolution in the troops that gathered to suppress the Revolt. After capturing Biga, Gönen and Bandırma, while Anzavur was moving towards Bursa, a fatwa declaring that the leaders of the National Liberation should be killed was issued on 10 April 1920. Despite the counter fatwa which was issued in Anatolia, the İstanbul fatwa was effective particularly on the soldiers and caused them to leave their weapons to the insurgents. With the measures taken in Bursa, Anzavur Revolt was suppressed thus the İstanbul government’s threat was evaded and Bursa was made to join the National Liberation.
Due to both being near İstanbul and the fact that there were many supporters of the Sultan, the local people of Bursa remained under the influence of İstanbul governments and remained aloof to the National Liberation. With Colonel Bekir Sami (Günsav) Bey’s arrival in Bursa in June 1919, on the one hand, the influence of the İstanbul government decreased and on the other hand, activities towards the National Liberation started. To abolish the National Liberation in the region, the İstanbul government started II. Anzavur Revolt. In this Revolt, the English were effective. The İstanbul government with its efficient campaign made the local people of Biga and Gönen join the Revolt, and caused some dissolution in the troops that gathered to suppress the Revolt. After capturing Biga, Gönen and Bandırma, while Anzavur was moving towards Bursa, a fatwa declaring that the leaders of the National Liberation should be killed was issued on 10 April 1920. Despite the counter fatwa which was issued in Anatolia, the İstanbul fatwa was effective particularly on the soldiers and caused them to leave their weapons to the insurgents. With the measures taken in Bursa, Anzavur Revolt was suppressed thus the İstanbul government’s threat was evaded and Bursa was made to join the National Liberation.
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Keywords
Mustafa Kemal Paşa, Milli Mücadele, İstanbul Hükümetleri, Anzavur İsyanı, İstanbul Fetvası, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, National Liberation, İstanbul Government, Anzavur Revolt, the İstanbul Fatwa
Citation
Birlik, G.K. (2020). “İstanbul hükümetlerinin Bursa’da Milli Mücadele’yi önleme girişimleri”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(39), 1059-1108.