Fars edebiyatındaki hamseler
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Date
2020-07-31
Authors
Kaska, Çetin
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
İran ve Türk edebiyatında beş mesneviden oluşan mecmualara hamse adı verilmiş ve hamse yazanlara hamsenüvis denilmiştir. Hamse yazımı ilk önce İran’da başlamıştır. Fars edebiyatında hamse türünün kurucusu şair Nizâmî-i Gencevî’dir. Nizâmî’nin hamsesi “Penc Genc” adıyla da bilinmektedir. Fars edebiyatında Nizâmî’den sonra Emîr Hüsev-i Dihlevî, Hâcû-yı Kirmânî, Abdurrahmân Câmî, Feyzî-i Dekenî ve Kâsımî-i Gunâbâdî gibi şairler hamse yazmıştır. İran’da Sâmânîler ve Gazneliler dönemlerinde “Şâhnâme” yazımı revaçta olduğundan, bu iki dönemde hamse yazılmamıştır. Selçuklular döneminde ortaya çıkan hamse İran’da en çok Safevîler döneminde revaç kazanmıştır. Kaçarlar döneminden sonra hamse yazımı son bulmuştur. Hicri sekizinci yüzyılda Nizâmî tarafından söylenen hamse, hicri on dördüncü yüzyıla kadar İran ve İran kültürünün hâkim olduğu topraklarda hâkimiyetini sürdürmüş ve bu zaman aralığında birçok İranlı, Türk ve Hintli şair Nizâmî’yi taklit ederek mesneviler yazmıştır. Farsça yazılan hamseler Osmanlı dönemi Türk şiirini geniş ölçüde etkilemiştir. Bu makalede Fars edebiyatında hamse yazan elli dokuz şairin hamseleri ele alınmıştır.
In Iran and Turkish literature, five mesnevi consisted of magazines called Quintet and Quintet writers were called Quintet writer. Quintet writing first started in Iran. The poet Nizami Ganjavi was the founder of the Quintet genre in Persian literature. Nizami's Quintet is also known as Panj Ganj. Quintet ownership is one of the highest positions for a poet. After Nizami in Persian literature, poets such as Emîr Hüsrev-i Dihlevî, Hâcû-yı Kirmânî, Abdurrahman Câmî, Feyzî-i Dekenî and Kaşımî-i Gunâbâdî wrote quintet. Since the writing of Sahname was popular in the period of Sâmânî and Ghaznavids, quintet was not written in these two periods. Quintet, which emerged during the Seljuk period, was the most popular in the Safavid period in Iran. After the period Qajars, the writing of quintet ended. Hijri in the eighth century, quintet, which was said by the Nizami, continued to dominate the territories dominated by Iran and Iranian culture until hijri the fourteenth century, and during this period many Iranian, Turkish and Indian poets imitated Nizami and wrote masnavis. The quintets written in Persian influenced the Turkish poetry of the Ottoman period to a large extent. In this article, fifty-nine poets who wrote quintet in Persian literature were discussed and examined.
In Iran and Turkish literature, five mesnevi consisted of magazines called Quintet and Quintet writers were called Quintet writer. Quintet writing first started in Iran. The poet Nizami Ganjavi was the founder of the Quintet genre in Persian literature. Nizami's Quintet is also known as Panj Ganj. Quintet ownership is one of the highest positions for a poet. After Nizami in Persian literature, poets such as Emîr Hüsrev-i Dihlevî, Hâcû-yı Kirmânî, Abdurrahman Câmî, Feyzî-i Dekenî and Kaşımî-i Gunâbâdî wrote quintet. Since the writing of Sahname was popular in the period of Sâmânî and Ghaznavids, quintet was not written in these two periods. Quintet, which emerged during the Seljuk period, was the most popular in the Safavid period in Iran. After the period Qajars, the writing of quintet ended. Hijri in the eighth century, quintet, which was said by the Nizami, continued to dominate the territories dominated by Iran and Iranian culture until hijri the fourteenth century, and during this period many Iranian, Turkish and Indian poets imitated Nizami and wrote masnavis. The quintets written in Persian influenced the Turkish poetry of the Ottoman period to a large extent. In this article, fifty-nine poets who wrote quintet in Persian literature were discussed and examined.
Description
Keywords
Hamse, Fars edebiyatı, Nizâmî-i Gencevî, Fars şiiri, Quintet, Persian literature, Nizami Ganjavi, Persian poetry
Citation
Kaska, Ç. (2020). “Fars edebiyatındaki hamseler”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(39), 877-914.