II. Abdülhamid devrinde Osmanlı-Hint ilişkileri
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Date
2020-03-03
Authors
Torun, Abdulgaffar
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
II. Abdülhamid devrine kadar İslamcılık politikası çok fazla kullanılmasa da var olduğu inkâr edilemez. Bunun en bariz örneği olarak 1774 Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşmasında Kırım’daki Müslümanların hakları konusunda görülmektedir. Balkanlarda yaşanan isyanların sonucunda İslamcılık politikasının önemini kavrayan II. Abdülhamid bu politika çerçevesinde yapmış olduğu çalışmaları arttırmıştır. II. Abdülhamid bu politikasının doğruluğunu 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus harbinde Hindistan ve sair Müslümanlardan gelen yardımlarla görmüştür. Hindistan Osmanlı Devletine sadece 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus savaşında 120.000 Osmanlı lirasından fazla yardımda bulunmuştu. Bu İslam âlemi içerisinde en fazla yardım miktarını oluşturuyordu. İngiliz sömürgesi olan Hindistan Osmanlı hilafetine olan bağlılığını arşiv belgelerinde ne derece de olduğunu görülmektedir. Hindistan’ın Osmanlı Devletine olan bağlılığından rahatsız olan İngilizler Hindistan’ı daha rahat idare edebilmek amacıyla birçok defa hilafeti Araplara intikal ettirmek istemişlerdir. Bu politika çerçevesinde Osmanlı Devleti aleyhinde faaliyetlerde bulunarak Osmanlı Devletinin itibar kaybetmesini istemişlerdir. II. Abdülhamid İngilizlerin bu çalışmalarına karşılık olarak halifeliğinin meşruiyeti hususunda çalışmalar yaparak kendisinin ve Osmanlı Devletinin itibarını korumaya çalışmıştır. II. Abdülhamid İslam Birliğini sağlamak için çeşitli faaliyetlerde ivbulunmuştur. Bunların en başında Hamidiyye Hicaz Demiryolu gelmektedir. Bu proje tüm dünya Müslümanları tarafından coşkuyla karşılanmıştır. Hindistanlılar bu projeye içinde bulundukları durumdan ötürü yeteri kadar yardımda bulunamamışlardır. Hamidiyye Hicaz Demiryolunun yapımına başlandığı sene Hindistan’da yaşanan kıtlık ve salgın hastalıklar sonucu Hindistan halkı zor duruma düşmüştür. Bu durumu öğrenen Sultan II. Abdülhamid devlet dâhilinde iane biletleri satılmasını sağlamıştır. İane biletlerinden elde edilen gelir ile Hindistan’a zahire yardımında bulunmuştur.
Although Islamism policy was not used much until the reign of Abdulhamid II, it cannot be denied that it exists. As the most obvious example of this, we see the rights of Muslims in Crimea in the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca in 1774. Understanding the importance of Islamism policy as a result of the uprisings in the Balkans, Abdulhamid II has increased his work under this policy. Abdulhamid II saw the correctness of this policy in the 18771878 Ottoman-Russian war with the help of India and other Muslims. India provided more than 120,000 Ottoman lira aid to the Ottoman State only in the 1877-1878 OttomanRussian war. This was the highest amount of aid in the Islamic world. We see the extent to which the British colony, India, is committed to the Ottoman caliphate in the archive documents. The British, who are disturbed by the devotion of India to the Ottoman State, wanted to transfer the caliphate to the Arabs many times in order to manage India more comfortably. Within the framework of this policy, they wanted the Ottoman State to lose their reputation by carrying out activities against the Ottoman State. In response to these efforts of the British, Abdulhamid II tried to protect the reputation of himself and the Ottoman Empire by working on the legitimacy of his caliphate. Abdulhamid II has carried out various activities to provide the Islamic Union. Hamidiyya Hicaz Railway comes first among them. This project has been welcomed by Muslims all over the world. The Indians vihave not been able to provide this project with enough assistance because of their current situation. The people of India have been in a difficult situation as a result of the famine and epidemic diseases in India when the Hamidiyya Hicaz Railway started to be builted. Knowing this situation, Sultan Abdulhamid II made it possible to sell iane tickets within the state. With the income from Iane tickets, he helped appeal of India.
Although Islamism policy was not used much until the reign of Abdulhamid II, it cannot be denied that it exists. As the most obvious example of this, we see the rights of Muslims in Crimea in the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca in 1774. Understanding the importance of Islamism policy as a result of the uprisings in the Balkans, Abdulhamid II has increased his work under this policy. Abdulhamid II saw the correctness of this policy in the 18771878 Ottoman-Russian war with the help of India and other Muslims. India provided more than 120,000 Ottoman lira aid to the Ottoman State only in the 1877-1878 OttomanRussian war. This was the highest amount of aid in the Islamic world. We see the extent to which the British colony, India, is committed to the Ottoman caliphate in the archive documents. The British, who are disturbed by the devotion of India to the Ottoman State, wanted to transfer the caliphate to the Arabs many times in order to manage India more comfortably. Within the framework of this policy, they wanted the Ottoman State to lose their reputation by carrying out activities against the Ottoman State. In response to these efforts of the British, Abdulhamid II tried to protect the reputation of himself and the Ottoman Empire by working on the legitimacy of his caliphate. Abdulhamid II has carried out various activities to provide the Islamic Union. Hamidiyya Hicaz Railway comes first among them. This project has been welcomed by Muslims all over the world. The Indians vihave not been able to provide this project with enough assistance because of their current situation. The people of India have been in a difficult situation as a result of the famine and epidemic diseases in India when the Hamidiyya Hicaz Railway started to be builted. Knowing this situation, Sultan Abdulhamid II made it possible to sell iane tickets within the state. With the income from Iane tickets, he helped appeal of India.
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Keywords
II. Abdülhamid, Abdulhamid II, Panislamizm, İttihad-ı İslam, İslam Birliği, Hindistan, 93 Harbi, Hicaz demiryolu, Pan-Islamism, Ittihad al-Islam, Islamic Union, India, The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, Hicaz Railway
Citation
Torun, A. (2020). II. Abdülhamid devrinde Osmanlı-Hint ilişkileri. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.