Anadolu'da bulunan geç antik çağ mezar tipleri ve dini mimari ile olan ilişkileri
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Date
2020-04-20
Authors
Bilir, Güzin
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
İlkçağ ve Orta Çağ arasındaki geçişin sağlandığı ara dönem olarak tanımlanan Geç Antik Çağ, 20. yüzyıldan itibaren tarih literatüründe yerini almıştır. Geç Antik Çağ, Roma İmparatorluğu'nda dinî ve siyasî olarak önemli değişimlerin yaşandığı yıllara tekabül etmektedir. Sınırları batıda İspanya, doğuda ise Hazar Denizi'ne kadar genişleyen imparatorluk bu çağda ikiye ayrılmış, yeni bir din olan Hristiyanlık resmî din ilan edilmiştir. Böylece Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu ve Batı Roma İmparatorluğu olarak ikiye ayrılan imparatorlukta politeizmden monoteizme geçiş yaşanmıştır. Anadolu toprakları, Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu'nun büyük bir kısmını oluşturması ve imparatorluğun başkentini de içinde barındırmasından dolayı Geç Antik Çağ'da imparatorluğun merkezî coğrafyası konumunda olmuştur. 1. ve 2. yüzyıllarda ortaya çıkan ve zaman içerisinde Anadolu topraklarında cemaatleşerek yayılım gösteren Hristiyanlıkta, 3 yüzyıl boyunca misyonerlik hareketleriyle tüm imparatorluğa yayılmıştır. 4. yüzyıldaki Hristiyanlığın resmi din ilan edilmesiyle, pagan dinden tek tanrılı inanca geçen toplum, eski alışkanlıklarından hemen kopamamış, devam eden ortalama 3 yüzyıl boyunca eski alışkanlıklarını Hristiyanlaştırarak sürdürmüştür. Ölümün kutsallaştığı bu yeni din anlayışı, insanlarının ölüm anlayışını etkilemiştir. Bu etkiler, ölü gömme ve cenaze hazırlıklarında çok fazla görülmemesine rağmen mezarlık tercihlerinde bu anlayışının var olduğu aşikardır.
Late Antiquity, defined as the intermediate period during which the transition between the Antiquity and the Middle Ages was provided, has taken its place in the history literature since the 20th century. The Late Antiquity corresponds to the years when significant religious and political changes took place in the Roman Empire. The empire, which expanded to Spain in the west and the Caspian Sea in the east, was divided into two in this era, and a new religion, Christianity, was declared the official religion. Thus, in the empire, which was divided into two as the Eastern Roman Empire and the Western Roman Empire, there was a transition from polytheism to monotheism. Anatolian lands became the central geography of the empire in the Late Antiquity, as it constituted a large part of the Eastern Roman Empire and contained the capital of the empire. In Christianity, which emerged in the 1st and 2nd centuries and spread over the Anatolian lands in time, spread throughout the entire empire with missionary movements throughout the 3rd century. With the declaration of Christianity as the official religion in the 4th century, the society, which passed from pagan religion to monotheistic, could not break away from its old habits and continued its old habits by Christianizing for an average of 3 centuries. This new conception of religion, where death is sanctified, has affected the understanding of death of its people. Although these effects are not seen in burial and funeral preparations, it is obvious that this understanding exists in cemetery preferences.
Late Antiquity, defined as the intermediate period during which the transition between the Antiquity and the Middle Ages was provided, has taken its place in the history literature since the 20th century. The Late Antiquity corresponds to the years when significant religious and political changes took place in the Roman Empire. The empire, which expanded to Spain in the west and the Caspian Sea in the east, was divided into two in this era, and a new religion, Christianity, was declared the official religion. Thus, in the empire, which was divided into two as the Eastern Roman Empire and the Western Roman Empire, there was a transition from polytheism to monotheism. Anatolian lands became the central geography of the empire in the Late Antiquity, as it constituted a large part of the Eastern Roman Empire and contained the capital of the empire. In Christianity, which emerged in the 1st and 2nd centuries and spread over the Anatolian lands in time, spread throughout the entire empire with missionary movements throughout the 3rd century. With the declaration of Christianity as the official religion in the 4th century, the society, which passed from pagan religion to monotheistic, could not break away from its old habits and continued its old habits by Christianizing for an average of 3 centuries. This new conception of religion, where death is sanctified, has affected the understanding of death of its people. Although these effects are not seen in burial and funeral preparations, it is obvious that this understanding exists in cemetery preferences.
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Keywords
Mezar, Din, Hristiyanlık, Geç antik, Mezar mimarisi, Grave, Religion, Chistianity, Late antique, Grave architecture
Citation
Bilir, G. (2020). Anadolu'da bulunan geç antik çağ mezar tipleri ve dini mimari ile olan ilişkileri. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.