Kant’ın etiğinde özerklik ve erek
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Date
2019-01-31
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu makalede Kant etiğindeki ana temalardan “özerklik” ve “erek” kavramlarını irdeleyeceğim. Kant ahlak teorisini koşulsuz kategorik imperatif ilkesine dayandırmasına rağmen, erek ve özerklik ideleri aracılığıyla erekselci bir özgürlük felsefesi geliştirir ve böylece “moralitenin en yüksek ilkesinin” kendi koyduğu yasalara tabi olan “kişilik” olduğunu göstermeye çalışır. Ahlak yasasının zemininin doğrudan özgürlük olduğu da göz önüne alınırsa, kişiliğin özerkliği daha büyük bir anlam kazanır. Ancak Kant böyle bir teoriden doğan içerimleri de dikkate alır. Ona göre kendilerinde erekler olan kişiliklerin iyiliği hayata geçirmek amacıyla moral ilişkiler kurduğu bir toplumu yaratarak ancak, insanlar bir yetkinliğe erişebilirler. Öte yandan bu iki kavramı çözümlerken Kant’ın etik felsefesine yöneltilen bazı suçlamalara da yanıt vermeye çalışacağım.
In this paper I will try to give an insight into the main concepts of “autonomy” and “end” in Kantian ethics. In spite of the fact that Kant based his moral theory on the unconditional principle of categorical imperative, he brings together the moral components of autonomy and end to formulate a teleological philosophy of freedom in order to show that “the supreme principle of morality” is a personality who is subject only to laws given by himself. When taken into account the assumption that the ground of moral law is freedom, the autonomy of personality gains more signification. But Kant also considers the implications that arises with such a theory. Kant thinks that human beings can only attain perfection by creating a society where personalities as ends in themselves form moral relations with a view that goodness should come into existence. I will also elucidate these two important concepts so that I may respond to the several charges leveled against Kant’s ethical philosophy.
In this paper I will try to give an insight into the main concepts of “autonomy” and “end” in Kantian ethics. In spite of the fact that Kant based his moral theory on the unconditional principle of categorical imperative, he brings together the moral components of autonomy and end to formulate a teleological philosophy of freedom in order to show that “the supreme principle of morality” is a personality who is subject only to laws given by himself. When taken into account the assumption that the ground of moral law is freedom, the autonomy of personality gains more signification. But Kant also considers the implications that arises with such a theory. Kant thinks that human beings can only attain perfection by creating a society where personalities as ends in themselves form moral relations with a view that goodness should come into existence. I will also elucidate these two important concepts so that I may respond to the several charges leveled against Kant’s ethical philosophy.
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Keywords
Kant etiği, Pratik akıl, Özerklik, Erek, Kişilik, Kantian ethics, Practical reason, Autonomy, End, Personality
Citation
Günenç, S. (2019). “Kant’ın etiğinde özerklik ve erek”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(36), 235-258.