Tarsus Roma Hamamı Geç Antik Opus Sectile döşemesi
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Date
2020-08-19
Authors
Adıbelli, Işık Adak
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Tarsus şehir merkezinde bulunan Roma Hamamı kurtarma kazıları sırasında II. bölgede yer alan 2. açmada oldukça iyi korunmuş bir opus sectile zemin kalıntısı ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Makalenin amacı söz konusu opus sectileyi tanıtmak ve değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada öncelikle döşemenin yerinde incelenmesi yapılmıştır. Bir kısmı tahrip edilen, bir kısmı da toprak altında kalan kalıntının, ölçüleri alınmış, fotoğrafları çekilmiş, 3D tarama ile rölövesi çıkarılmış ve restitüsyon çiziminde eksik bölümleri tamamlanmıştır. Tarihlendirilmesi ve yorumlanmasında ise tabakasındaki veriler temel alınmış ayrıca benzerleri ile karşılaştırmalar da yapılmıştır. Geometrik opus sectile tipindeki döşememiz dikdörtgen biçimli 15 panodan oluşmaktadır. Beş farklı tipte bezeme kullanılan panoların araları geniş bantlarla ayrılmıştır. Motiflerde sekizgen, altıgen, kare, dikdörtgen ve üçgen biçimli, küçük ve orta boy plakalar kullanılmıştır. Bu plakalar ise siyah/füme tonlarında mermerler (nero antico/bigio antico), gri/beyaz renklerde damarlı mermerler (marmo bianco) ve sarı tonlarındaki (giallo antico?) miyosen kireç taşları ve travetenlerden oluşur. Opus sectile, hamam büyük ölçüde küçüldükten sonra işlevi değiştirilen ve olasılıkla bir dinlenme salonu veya şapele çevrilen bölümü için taban döşemesi olarak yapılmış ve İS V. yüzyıldan VII. yüzyılın ortalarına kadar (Geç Antik Çağ’da) kullanılmıştır. Döşemenin bu süreçte hasara uğradığı, bazı panolarda motifleri oluşturan örüntüde olması gerekenden farklı renklerde taşlar kullanılarak yapılan, yenileme ve tamirat izlerinden belli olmaktadır
During the salvage excavations in the ruins of the Roman Bath in the city center of Tarsus, In trench 2 of area II, a well-preserved opus sectile floor was discovered. The aim of this article is to introduce and evaluate the opus sectile aforementioned. In this study, the pavement was firstly examined on site. Measurements and photographs were taken, measured drawing was made by 3D scanning and the missing sections were completed by the restitution drawing of the ruins, partly destroyed and partly under the cross sections. The dating and interpretation of the opus sectile was based on the data in the stratum and was compared with the similar ones. The pavement is of geometric opus sectile type and consists of 15 rectangular panels. Five different types of decoration were used in the panels and the panels were separated by wide bands. Octagonal, hexagonal, square, rectangular and triangular, small and medium - sized plates are used in motifs. The plates used here are predominantly composed of black / smoked marbles (nero antico/bigio antico), gray /white veined marbles (marmo bianco) and yellow (giallo antico?) tones of miocene limestones and travertines. The opus sectile was probably paved for the section which was converted into a lounge or a chapel after the bath shrank, considerably and it was used from the beginning of the Vth century to the middle of the VIIth century AD (Late Antiquity). The damage to the pavement in this process is understood from the traces of renovating and repairing because of using stones of different colors, in some panels than they should have been in the pattern that forms the ornaments.
During the salvage excavations in the ruins of the Roman Bath in the city center of Tarsus, In trench 2 of area II, a well-preserved opus sectile floor was discovered. The aim of this article is to introduce and evaluate the opus sectile aforementioned. In this study, the pavement was firstly examined on site. Measurements and photographs were taken, measured drawing was made by 3D scanning and the missing sections were completed by the restitution drawing of the ruins, partly destroyed and partly under the cross sections. The dating and interpretation of the opus sectile was based on the data in the stratum and was compared with the similar ones. The pavement is of geometric opus sectile type and consists of 15 rectangular panels. Five different types of decoration were used in the panels and the panels were separated by wide bands. Octagonal, hexagonal, square, rectangular and triangular, small and medium - sized plates are used in motifs. The plates used here are predominantly composed of black / smoked marbles (nero antico/bigio antico), gray /white veined marbles (marmo bianco) and yellow (giallo antico?) tones of miocene limestones and travertines. The opus sectile was probably paved for the section which was converted into a lounge or a chapel after the bath shrank, considerably and it was used from the beginning of the Vth century to the middle of the VIIth century AD (Late Antiquity). The damage to the pavement in this process is understood from the traces of renovating and repairing because of using stones of different colors, in some panels than they should have been in the pattern that forms the ornaments.
Description
Keywords
Tarsus, Tarsus, Roma Hamamı, Geometrik opus sectile, Geç Antik Çağ, Restitüsyon, Roman Bath, Geometric opus sectile, Late Antiquity, Restitution
Citation
Adıbelli, I. A. (2020). "Tarsus Roma Hamamı Geç Antik Opus Sectile döşemesi". Journal of Mosaic Research,13,51-71.