Kindî ve Fârâbî’de akıl ve nefs kavramlarının ahlâkî içeriği
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Date
2004
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Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Akıl ve nefs kavramları Kindî felsefesinde de Fârâbî felsefesinde de birbirinden kesin çizgilerle ayrılamayan, önemli iki kavramdır. Bu kavramlar ahlâkî bir içerikle incelendiğinde; Kindî’nin akıl anlayışında Aristocu tasnifi benimsediği ve felsefe tanımlarında ahlâk anlayışına dair önemli ipuçları bulunduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Onun nefs anlayışında Platoncu, Yeni Platoncu ve Yeni Pythagorasçı unsurların etkili olduğu görülür. Fârâbî’nin ise bir “sistem filozofu” olma özelliği bu iki kavram incelemesinde bile dikkati çeker. Onun metafiziği, psikolojisi, ahlâk ve siyaset anlayışı birbiriyle ilişkilidir. O, fî Meânî el-Akl adlı risalesinde sistematik bir yaklaşımla aklı; a. Avamî b. Kelâmî c. Burhanî d. Ahlâkî e. Psikolojik ve Epistemolojik f. Metafizik akıl şeklinde tasnif etmiş, ahlâkî aklı da Nikomakhos’a Ethik’e dayanarak incelemiştir. Fârâbî’ye göre faal aklın insanı görüp gözetmesiyle kazanılan teorik yetkinlik, son aşamada ahlâkî yetkinliğe, “faal akılla itisal” şeklinde gerçekleşen “yüce mutluluk”a vesile olmaktadır. Fârâbî bunları dile getirirken saf bir Aristocu olarak görünmektedir.
“al-Aql” and “an-Nafs” in the philosophy of al-Kındi and al-Farabi are such interwoven concepts that they can not be separated from each other easily. When these concepts are studied from the point of view of ethical contents, it seems that al-Kındi’s understanding of al-aql adopts the classification of Aristotle and it is understood that there are important clues for his ethical understanding in his definitions of “philosophy”. Platonic, Neoplatonic and Neo-Pythagorean components seem effective in his understanding of an-nafs. Even if these two concepts are only investigated, al-Farabi appears to be a system philosopher. Metaphysics, psychology, ethics and politics as he understand them are quite related to each other. He classified the intellect with a systematical approach as “ordinary, theological, analytical, moral, psychological and epistemological, and metaphysical intellects” in his treatise entitled “fi Maânî al-Aql” and he studied the ethical intellect on the basis of “The Nicomachean Ethics”. According to al-Farabi, theoretical perfection gained through nurturing human being by the active intellect leads to the ultimate happiness, turning into moral perfection by means of "conjunction with the active intellect". While explaining these concepts, al-Farabi seems to be utterly Aristotelian.
“al-Aql” and “an-Nafs” in the philosophy of al-Kındi and al-Farabi are such interwoven concepts that they can not be separated from each other easily. When these concepts are studied from the point of view of ethical contents, it seems that al-Kındi’s understanding of al-aql adopts the classification of Aristotle and it is understood that there are important clues for his ethical understanding in his definitions of “philosophy”. Platonic, Neoplatonic and Neo-Pythagorean components seem effective in his understanding of an-nafs. Even if these two concepts are only investigated, al-Farabi appears to be a system philosopher. Metaphysics, psychology, ethics and politics as he understand them are quite related to each other. He classified the intellect with a systematical approach as “ordinary, theological, analytical, moral, psychological and epistemological, and metaphysical intellects” in his treatise entitled “fi Maânî al-Aql” and he studied the ethical intellect on the basis of “The Nicomachean Ethics”. According to al-Farabi, theoretical perfection gained through nurturing human being by the active intellect leads to the ultimate happiness, turning into moral perfection by means of "conjunction with the active intellect". While explaining these concepts, al-Farabi seems to be utterly Aristotelian.
Description
Bu çalışma, İslâm Felsefecileri Derneği’nin 7-8 Ekim 2004 tarihinde Ankara’da düzenlediği Uluslar Arası Fârâbî Sempozyumunda özet olarak sunulan bildirinin genişletilmiş halidir.
Keywords
Akıl, Nefs, Kindî, Fârâbî, Faal akıl ile ittisâl, al-Aql, an-Nafs, al-Kındi, al-Farabi, Conjunction with the Active Intellect
Citation
Uysal, E. (2004). "Kindî ve Fârâbî’de akıl ve nefs kavramlarının ahlâkî içeriği". Uludağ Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(2), 141-156.