Büyük Taarruz sonrasında yaşanan dış gelişmeler ve Türk İngiliz savaşının çıkmamasında tarafların rolü
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Date
2008-12-01
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Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonunda Osmanlı Devleti ile yapılan Mondros Mütarekesi, aslında bir işgal projesiydi. Bu proje uygulamaya konuldu ve anlaşma imzalandığında ele geçirilememiş olan Türk toprakları, İtilaf devletleri tarafından işgal edilmeye başlandı. Bu durum, karşı hareketin başlaması sonucunu doğurdu. Mustafa Kemal, Samsun’a çıkışıyla birlikte silah arkadaşlarından ve halktan aldığı destekle, direnişi örgütlemeye başladı ve tek merkez altında birleştirildi. Amaç Anadolu’nun işgaline silahlı mücadele ile son vermekti. Ancak bu gerçekleştikten sonra İtilaf devletleriyle eşit koşullarda siyasi çözüm aranabilirdi. Büyük Taarruz sonunda ilk hedefe ulaşıldı. Anadolu Yunan işgalinden kurtarıldı. Bundan sonra Türk orduları İstanbul üzerine yürümedi. Eğer askeri harekâta devam edilseydi yeni bir savaş başlayabilirdi. Buna rağmen barışa ulaşmak kolay olmadı. Tarafların savaşa çok yakın oldukları anlar yaşandı. Mustafa Kemal, İtilaf devletlerinin isteklerini yerine getirmezse, İngiliz Başbakanı, savaşmaktan çekinmeyeceğini açıkladı ve bu yolda kararlar alındı. Lloyd George Hükümeti, Türklere karşı yeni bir savaş başlatmak için Müttefiklerini yanına çekmeye çalıştı. Ama Ankara’nın riskli manevraları, Fransa ve İtalya’yı İngiltere’den uzaklaştırdı. İngiliz Hükümeti sömürgelerinden de gerekli desteği sağlayamadı. Başbakan Lloyd George’un takip ettiği başarısız politikalar sonunda, İngiltere tek başına kalmıştı. Bunlara rağmen İngiliz kabinesi savaş kararı aldı ve tek taraflı olarak tarafsız bölge ilan ettikleri alandan, Türk kuvvetlerinin çekilmemesi durumunda Harington’a ateş et emri verildi. Ancak Harington bu emri uygulamadı. Sonuçta Ankara Hükümetinin uyguladığı akılcı ve gerçekçi politikalar ile İngiltere’nin İstanbul’daki temsilcilerinin sağduyulu davranışları savaşın çıkmamasında belirleyici oldu.
The Armistice of Mondoros signed with the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I.was in fact an occupation project. This project was put into practice and the Allies started to occupy Turkish lands that were not captured before signing the agreement. As a result of this situation a counter attack began. Together with the support he received from his comrades-in-arms and the public Mustafa Kemal, with his landing in Samsun, started to organize the resistance and combined it under a single head quarters. The aim was to put an end to the occupation of Anatolia with armed struggle. Only after this was realized there might be attempts for political solution under the equal terms with the Allies. At the end of the Great Attack the first goal was achieved. Anatolia was relieved from Greek occupation. After this Turkish armies did not march towards Istanbul. If the military operation was maintained, a new war could have started. However, it was not easy to reach peace. There were moments when the parties were very close to war. English Prime Minister declared that should Mustafa Kemal not fulfill the desires of the Allies they would not hesitate to fight and decisions for this end were made. Lloyd George Government tried to draw the Allies to their side in order to start a new war. However, risky maneuvers of Ankara estranged France and Italy from England. English Government could not provide the necessary support from her colonies es well. As a result of the fruitless policies that The Prime Minister Lloyd George followed, England was left all alone. However, English parliament took the decision for war and Harrington was given fire order in case Turkish forces did not retreat from the region that England had announced unilaterally as neutral zone. Yet, Harington did not enforce this order. As a result, rational and realistic policies that Ankara Government had pursued and the right-minded actions of the representatives of England in Istanbul were the determining factors for war not to take place.
The Armistice of Mondoros signed with the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I.was in fact an occupation project. This project was put into practice and the Allies started to occupy Turkish lands that were not captured before signing the agreement. As a result of this situation a counter attack began. Together with the support he received from his comrades-in-arms and the public Mustafa Kemal, with his landing in Samsun, started to organize the resistance and combined it under a single head quarters. The aim was to put an end to the occupation of Anatolia with armed struggle. Only after this was realized there might be attempts for political solution under the equal terms with the Allies. At the end of the Great Attack the first goal was achieved. Anatolia was relieved from Greek occupation. After this Turkish armies did not march towards Istanbul. If the military operation was maintained, a new war could have started. However, it was not easy to reach peace. There were moments when the parties were very close to war. English Prime Minister declared that should Mustafa Kemal not fulfill the desires of the Allies they would not hesitate to fight and decisions for this end were made. Lloyd George Government tried to draw the Allies to their side in order to start a new war. However, risky maneuvers of Ankara estranged France and Italy from England. English Government could not provide the necessary support from her colonies es well. As a result of the fruitless policies that The Prime Minister Lloyd George followed, England was left all alone. However, English parliament took the decision for war and Harrington was given fire order in case Turkish forces did not retreat from the region that England had announced unilaterally as neutral zone. Yet, Harington did not enforce this order. As a result, rational and realistic policies that Ankara Government had pursued and the right-minded actions of the representatives of England in Istanbul were the determining factors for war not to take place.
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Keywords
Türkiye, Mustafa Kemal, Büyük Taarruz, İngiltere, Harington, Turkey, The Great Attack, England
Citation
Yüceer, S. (2008). “Büyük Taarruz sonrasında yaşanan dış gelişmeler ve Türk İngiliz savaşının çıkmamasında tarafların rolü”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(15), 379-394.