Demokrasi yolunda önemli bir aşama: Türk kadınına siyasal haklarının tanınması
Loading...
Date
2008-06-01
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Türk kadınları, II. Meşrutiyetle birlikte siyasete ilgi duymaya başladılar. Ama bu ilgi siyasal hak isteme düzeyinde değildi. Bu süreçte kadın hareketinin amacı, kadını toplumsal ve ekonomik yaşama katmaktı. Bu yolda örgütler oluşturularak faaliyete geçildi. Ancak gelenekler, dini algı, toplumun ataerkil yapısı, kadın hareketinin önündeki en büyük engelleri oluşturdu. Hem bu nedenlerle hem de yönetim felsefesi nedeniyle, kadının durumunda geniş boyutlu değişim sağlamak mümkün olmadı. Bu durum Cumhuriyet Döneminde değişti; kadın hakları konusunda farklı bir sürece girildi ve radikal devrimler gerçekleştirildi. Bu arada Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarından itibaren kadın hareketinin, Türk kadınının siyasal haklarına kavuşması yolundaki çabaları da sürdü. 1930’a gelindiğinde kadınlar, sosyal ve ekonomik haklarına kavuşmuşlardı. Sıra siyasal haklara gelmişti. Mustafa Kemal’in öncülüğünde, 1930’dan itibaren kadının siyasal haklarıyla ilgili devrimler gerçekleştirilmeye başlandı ve ilk olarak Belediye seçimlerinde oy kullanma ve seçilme hakkı tanındı. Kadınlar bu tarihten kısa süre sonra 26 Ekim 1933’te de, muhtar ve ihtiyar meclisi seçimlerinde, oy kullanma ve seçilme hakkını kazandılar. 5 Aralık 1934 tarihinde ise kadınlara siyasal anlamda en büyük hak olan milletvekili seçme ve seçilme hakkı tanındı. Böylece demokrasinin önemli bir aşaması tamamlanmış oldu. Kadınların ilk olarak seçme ve seçilme hakkını kullandığı 8 Şubat 1935 yılında yapılan seçimde, Meclise 17 kadın milletvekili girmeye hak kazandı. 1936 ara seçiminde bir kadın milletvekilinin daha seçilmesiyle sayı 18’e yükseldi. Bu oldukça çarpıcı bir başarıydı. Kadın milletvekili oranıyla Türkiye, kadınların siyasal haklara sahip olduğu ülkeler listesinde ilk sıralarda yer alıyordu. Daha sonraki dönemlerde kadının siyasetteki durumunda ciddi bir gerileme yaşandı. 1935-1939 Dönemindeki kadın milletvekili oranı, 2007 seçiminde geçilebildi. Ancak bu trajik bir geçişti. Çünkü 2007’de sağlanan % 9,09’luk oranla Türkiye dünya ortalamasının altında kaldığı gibi, ülkemizden çok sonra kadınına siyasal haklarını tanıyan gelişmemiş bazı ülkelerin bile gerisinde yer almaya devam etmekte.
With the second Constitutional Monarchy, Turkish women started to show interest in politics. However, this interest was not in the form of demanding political rights. In this pursuit, the aim of woman’s movement was to draw woman into social and economic life. To this end, steps were taken by constituting organizations. However, traditions, religious perceptions, and the patriarchal structure of the society caused the greatest obstacles before the woman’s movement. Both for these reasons and the philosophy of administration, no large-scale change was achieved in the status of woman. This picture changed in the Republican period; a different process started in respect of women’s rights and radical reforms were effectuated. Meanwhile, from the first years of the Republican period on, the woman’s movement continued their efforts to have Turkish women acquire political rights. When it was 1930, women had derived their social and economic rights. Then it was time to get the political ones. Under the lead of Mustafa Kemal, from 1930 on, reforms regarding women’s political rights were started to be realized and firstly they were given the right to elect and to be elected in municipal elections. What’s more, a short while after this date, on 26th October, 1933, women derived the right to elect and to be elected in mukhtar and board of aldermen elections. And on 5th December, 1934, women were granted the right to elect and to be elected in parliamentary elections, the greatest right in political sense. Consequently, an important milestone towards democracy was completed. In the elections held on 8th February, 1935, when women used their right to elect and to be elected for the first time, 17 women acquired the right to go into the Parliament. With a woman elected in the 1936 by-election, the number increased to 18. This was a considerably remarkable breakthrough. Turkey, with its rate of female deputies, was in the front ranks in the list of countries, where women had political rights. In the subsequent periods, a serious turndown was observed in the status of woman in politics. The rate of female deputies achieved in the 1935 – 1939 period was exceeded in 2007 elections. However, this was a tragic exceeding. For, Turkey, with the rate of 9,09 % achieved in 2007, not only remained below the world average, but also it continues to remain even below some underdeveloped countries, which granted their women with political rights much later than our country.
With the second Constitutional Monarchy, Turkish women started to show interest in politics. However, this interest was not in the form of demanding political rights. In this pursuit, the aim of woman’s movement was to draw woman into social and economic life. To this end, steps were taken by constituting organizations. However, traditions, religious perceptions, and the patriarchal structure of the society caused the greatest obstacles before the woman’s movement. Both for these reasons and the philosophy of administration, no large-scale change was achieved in the status of woman. This picture changed in the Republican period; a different process started in respect of women’s rights and radical reforms were effectuated. Meanwhile, from the first years of the Republican period on, the woman’s movement continued their efforts to have Turkish women acquire political rights. When it was 1930, women had derived their social and economic rights. Then it was time to get the political ones. Under the lead of Mustafa Kemal, from 1930 on, reforms regarding women’s political rights were started to be realized and firstly they were given the right to elect and to be elected in municipal elections. What’s more, a short while after this date, on 26th October, 1933, women derived the right to elect and to be elected in mukhtar and board of aldermen elections. And on 5th December, 1934, women were granted the right to elect and to be elected in parliamentary elections, the greatest right in political sense. Consequently, an important milestone towards democracy was completed. In the elections held on 8th February, 1935, when women used their right to elect and to be elected for the first time, 17 women acquired the right to go into the Parliament. With a woman elected in the 1936 by-election, the number increased to 18. This was a considerably remarkable breakthrough. Turkey, with its rate of female deputies, was in the front ranks in the list of countries, where women had political rights. In the subsequent periods, a serious turndown was observed in the status of woman in politics. The rate of female deputies achieved in the 1935 – 1939 period was exceeded in 2007 elections. However, this was a tragic exceeding. For, Turkey, with the rate of 9,09 % achieved in 2007, not only remained below the world average, but also it continues to remain even below some underdeveloped countries, which granted their women with political rights much later than our country.
Description
Keywords
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Kadın hareketi, Demokrasi, Türk kadını, Siyasal haklar, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, Woman movement, Democracy, Turkish woman, Political rights
Citation
Yüceer, S. (2008). “Demokrasi yolunda önemli bir aşama: Türk kadınına siyasal haklarının tanınması”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(14), 131-151.