Aristoteles’in siyaset felsefesinde anayasal yönetim
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Date
2016
Authors
Urhan, Veli
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Aristoteles’in siyasetle ilgili düşüncelerinin, Politika, Nikomakhos’a Etik, Eudemos’a Etik, Atinalıların Devleti ve Retorik adlı eserlerinde yer aldığı söylenebilir. Politika’nın ikinci kitabında sözlerine “sırada devletin biçimini tartışmak ve hangisinin daha iyi olduğunu anlayabilecek durumda olduğumuzu varsayarak bunu anlamaya çalışmak var” diyerek başlayan Aristoteles, bunun için iyi yönetilen bazı devletlerin anayasalarına bakmaya ve, hiç kuşkusuz Platon’u kast ederek, bazı yazarların ütopyalarına bakmaya ihtiyaç duyulacağına işaret eder. Platon’da olduğu gibi, devletten hep site devletini anlayan Aristoteles’e göre, devlet adamıyla devlet, kralla uyrukları, aile reisiyle ev halkı, efendiyle köleleri arasındaki ilişkilerin hep aynı türden ilişkiler olduğunu sanmak yanlıştır. Aristoteles, ne zengin azınlığın ne de yoksul çoğunluğun değil de, ancak ortak çıkarın gözetilmesiyle oluşabilecek orta tabakanın güçlü olduğu ve adaletin kendisiyle tecelli ettiği bir yönetim biçimi olan politeianın oligarşi ile demokrasinin uzlaştırılması sonucunda ortaya çıkabileceğini öne sürer. Demokratik anayasanın oligarşik anayasaya göre isyana ve devrime daha az açık olması nedeniyle ötekine göre daha sürdürülebilir bir nitelik taşıdığı kanısında olan Aristoteles, hem etik hem siyaset anlayışının merkezinde yer alan altın orta ilkesi gereği, güçlü bir orta tabakaya yaslanan anayasanın en güvenli ve en sürdürülebilir bir anayasa olacağından kuşku duymamaktadır.
It can be said that the thought of Aristotle regarding politics takes place in his works: Politika, Nikomakhos’a Etik, Eudemos’a Etik, Atinalıların Devleti and Retorik. At the outset of his second book of Politika, he argues that “our purpose is to consider what form of political community is best of all for those who are the most competent to realize their ideal of life." To be able to accomplish this, he indicates that we have to examine not only the constitutions of “well-governed states” but also “any theoretical forms”, held in esteem. Aristotle undoubtedly refers to Platon and argues that it is a necessity to understand some author’s book related with Utopia. As is the case with Plato and Aristotle who always understands a state as the “site," considers that it is wrong to think that the relationship between statesman and state, households and householder, slaves and master are the same kind of it. Aristotle argues that neither rich minority nor poor majority, but the common interest of the middle layer constituted with observance is robust and the politeia, a form of government manifested its own justice, can occur as a result of reconciling democracy with oligarchy. Aristotle, who is of the opinion that democratic constitution is a more sustainable constitution compared to oligarchic constitution due to its less obviousness to rebellion and revolution, in keeping with the principle of the “Golden Middle," located in the heart of both ethics and politics, has no doubt about that constitution leaned on a strong middle class will be the safest and most sustainable constitution.
It can be said that the thought of Aristotle regarding politics takes place in his works: Politika, Nikomakhos’a Etik, Eudemos’a Etik, Atinalıların Devleti and Retorik. At the outset of his second book of Politika, he argues that “our purpose is to consider what form of political community is best of all for those who are the most competent to realize their ideal of life." To be able to accomplish this, he indicates that we have to examine not only the constitutions of “well-governed states” but also “any theoretical forms”, held in esteem. Aristotle undoubtedly refers to Platon and argues that it is a necessity to understand some author’s book related with Utopia. As is the case with Plato and Aristotle who always understands a state as the “site," considers that it is wrong to think that the relationship between statesman and state, households and householder, slaves and master are the same kind of it. Aristotle argues that neither rich minority nor poor majority, but the common interest of the middle layer constituted with observance is robust and the politeia, a form of government manifested its own justice, can occur as a result of reconciling democracy with oligarchy. Aristotle, who is of the opinion that democratic constitution is a more sustainable constitution compared to oligarchic constitution due to its less obviousness to rebellion and revolution, in keeping with the principle of the “Golden Middle," located in the heart of both ethics and politics, has no doubt about that constitution leaned on a strong middle class will be the safest and most sustainable constitution.
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Keywords
Siyaset, Oligarşi, Demokrasi, Liyakat, Adalet, Anayasal yönetim, Politics, Oligarchy, Democracy, Merit, Justice, Constitutional administration
Citation
Urhan, V. (2016). "Aristoteles’in siyaset felsefesinde anayasal yönetim". Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 27, 211-230.