Bilginin imkânı problemi: Gazali örneği
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Date
2012
Authors
Ağırman, Ferhat
Türkmetin, Ahmed
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Gazali bilginin temellendirilmesi ve kaynağının neliği hakkında felsefi sisteminde tutarlı bir düşünce ortaya koyar. Onun açısından ilk sorun bilginin neliğinden daha ziyade bilginin kaynağıdır. Gazali, tecrübi bilgiyle aklın zorunlu olarak kabul ettiği bilgilerin bilgi olarak nitelendirilip nitelendirilemeyeceğini sorgulayarak işe başlar. Sorunu ilk aşamada tecrübi bilgiyi ele alarak çözmeye çalışan Gazali, bu bilgi türünün yanıltıcı olduğunu düşünür. Yanıltıcı olan şey ise nesnel olarak bilginin kaynağı olamaz. Hemen arkasından Gazali aklı ele alır. Çünkü akıl duyu verilerine nazaran daha üstündür. Fakat akıl da bu sorgulamada Gazali’yi aradığı tatmine ulaştırmaz. Çünkü akıl insana aynı anda iki çelişik şeyi birden verebilir ya da var olmayan bir şeyi zihinde tasavvur ettirebilir. Bilgiyi elde edebilmemizin iki koşulu olan, duyu verilerine ve akla güvenilmezse bilgi nasıl elde edilebilir? Bilginin elde edilmesi mümkün değil midir? Mutlak bilginin imkanı üzerine başlattığı zihinsel diyalektik sonucunda içinden çıkılmaz bir şüpheye düşen Gazali bu halden zihni kurtarmanın gerekliliğine inanır. Bunun ancak ve ancak Tanrı’nın insanın kalbine doğurduğu nur ile olacağını, kişinin bilgiyi böyle bir süreç sonucunda elde edebileceğini savunur. Bu ise sezgi bilgisidir.
Al-Ghazali reveals consistent philosophical system of thought grounding of knowledge and ‘what’ is the source of knowledge. From his point of view his first challenge is the source of knowledge rather than ’what’ is knowledge. Ghazali, begins by questioning whether experimental knowledge and the essential knowledge which is accepted as a must by the mind, can be qualified as knowledge or not. Ghazali, tries to solve the problem by considering experimental data in the first step, thinks that this kind of information is misleading. What is misleading, can not objectively be as the source of the knowledge. Soon thereafter, Al-Ghazali deals with the mind. Because the mind is superior to the sensory data, but Al-Ghazali cannot reach satisfaction through this inquiry which is about the mind. Because the human mind can imagine two contradictory things at the same time, or make him envision something that does not exist. How can the knowledge be obtained, with two conditions on us to get the knowledge, sensory data, and the mind, if we don’t trust them? Is it not possible to obtain the knowledge? Ghazali, after initiating a mental dialectic about the possibility of absolute knowledge now is in tangled doubt, believes that the requirement to recover the mind from this state. He claims that this can only be possible by the light which God put into human’s heart and the person can obtain the information as a result of such a process. This is the intuition knowledge.
Al-Ghazali reveals consistent philosophical system of thought grounding of knowledge and ‘what’ is the source of knowledge. From his point of view his first challenge is the source of knowledge rather than ’what’ is knowledge. Ghazali, begins by questioning whether experimental knowledge and the essential knowledge which is accepted as a must by the mind, can be qualified as knowledge or not. Ghazali, tries to solve the problem by considering experimental data in the first step, thinks that this kind of information is misleading. What is misleading, can not objectively be as the source of the knowledge. Soon thereafter, Al-Ghazali deals with the mind. Because the mind is superior to the sensory data, but Al-Ghazali cannot reach satisfaction through this inquiry which is about the mind. Because the human mind can imagine two contradictory things at the same time, or make him envision something that does not exist. How can the knowledge be obtained, with two conditions on us to get the knowledge, sensory data, and the mind, if we don’t trust them? Is it not possible to obtain the knowledge? Ghazali, after initiating a mental dialectic about the possibility of absolute knowledge now is in tangled doubt, believes that the requirement to recover the mind from this state. He claims that this can only be possible by the light which God put into human’s heart and the person can obtain the information as a result of such a process. This is the intuition knowledge.
Description
Keywords
Tecrübi bilgi, Akıl, Yakini bilgi, Sezgi, Experimental knowledge, The mind, Precise knowledge, Intuition
Citation
Ağırman, F. ve Türkmetin, A. (2012). "Bilginin imkânı problemi: Gazali örneği". Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 18, 197-208.