Bursa topraklarında pcb kirliliğinin bölgesel ve mevsimsel değişiminin belirlenmesi ve giderim olanaklarının araştırılması
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Date
2019-08-28
Authors
Tandoğan, Büşra Avşar
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu tez çalışması, Bursa topraklarından alınan örneklere uygulanan tespit çalışması, kaynak analizi, risk ve toksisite değerlendirmeleri ve arıtma çalışmalarını kapsamaktadır. Tezin ilk bölümünde, bölgesel ve mevsimsel olarak 5 farklı (yerleşim, endüstriyel, trafik, kırsal, trafik+mangal+yerleşim) bölge topraklarından alınan 19 örneğin PCB onsantrasyonlarını belirlemeye yönelik yapılan bir tespit çalışmasıdır. Yaz ve kış mevsimlerinde en yüksek PCB konsantrasyonları endüstriyel örnekleme bölgesinde ölçülmüştür. 82 PCB konsantrasyonları bölgesel olarak yaz mevsiminde 0,67-17 ng/g KM, kış mevsiminde 1,13-85 ng/g KM arasında değişiklik göstermiş olup kış mevsiminde daha yüksek seviyelerde seyretmiştir. Çalışmanın devamında, homolog grupların dağılımı belirlenmiş ve 82 PCB türü için kirliliğin yüksek çıktığı nokta tespit edilmiş ve Dutch 7 PCB konsantrasyonları karşılaştırılmıştır. Tezin ikinci bölümünde, farklı bölgelerden alınan örneklerin kaynağını belirlemek için temel bileşen analizi yapılmış ve ham toprak örneklerinde kirliliğin en yüksek çıktığı bölgede sağlık riski ve toksisite değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Kanserojen risk sınıflandırması yapılmış, kanser riski R<10-6 ile “çok düşük risk” grubunda olduğu belirlenmiştir. Toksisite çalışmasında, Bursa topraklarındaki PCB’lerin canlılar için sağlık sorunu oluşturmayacağı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, kirleticilerin kaynağını belirlemeye yönelik PCA analizi SPSS (Version 25.0) programı ile yapılmış ve bu analiz sonucunda, Bursa topraklarında PCB kaynağının esas olarak trafik ve endüstriyel faaliyetler olduğu görülmüştür. Tezin son bölümünde, en yüksek kirlilik konsantrasyonuna sahip bölge topraklarından alınan toprak örneğine iki farklı yöntemle PCB giderim uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Güneş ışığı varlığında gerçekleştirilen fotoparçalama uygulamalarında, 82 PCB türünün giderimi için en etkili doz TiO2 katkı maddesinde %1 olarak hesaplanırken, DEA ve H2O2’de %10 olarak belirlenmiştir. UV ışığı varlığında gerçekleştirilen PCB giderim uygulamalarında, iki farklı sıcaklıkta (18 oC ve 30 oC) ve 3 farklı dozda H2O2 katkı maddesi kullanılmıştır. 18 oC sıcaklıkta %10 katkı maddesi ilave edilerek UV A ışınına maruz bırakılan toprakta 82 PCB türü için %82 verimle en iyi PCB giderimi elde edilmiştir. Sıcaklığın 30 oC’ye çıkarılmasıyla, giderim verimi %95’e çıkmış ve en etkili H2O2 dozu %10 olarak belirlenmiştir.
This thesis consists of determination study, source analysis, risk and toxicity assessments and treatment studies applied to samples taken from Bursa soil. In the first part of the thesis, it is a determination study to determine PCB concentrations of 19 samples taken from the soil of 5 different regions (settlement, industrial, traffic, rural, traffic + barbecue + settlement) regionally and seasonally. The highest concentrations in summer and winter seasons were detected in the soils of the industrial zone. 82 PCB type concentration ranged from 0.67-17 ng/g DM in summer season and the concentration ranged from 1.13-85 ng/g DM in winter season. In the continuation of the study, which homologous groups were more dominant were determined and comparison of Dutch 7 PCB concentrations with high pollution points for PCB 82 type was made. In addition, correlation of light and heavy species with total organic carbon (TOC) was investigated. In the second part of the thesis, basic component analysis was conducted to determine the source of the samples and health risk and toxicity assessments were calculated in the region where the highest pollution was found in raw soil samples. Carcinogenic risk classification was made and cancer risk was found to be in “very low risk ile group with R <10-6. In the toxicity study, it was determined that PCBs in Bursa soil will not cause health problems for living things. In addition, PCA analysis was conducted with SPSS program to determine the source of pollutants and as a result of this analysis, it was found that PCB source was mainly traffic and industrial activities in Bursa soil. In the last part of the thesis, PCB removal applications have been applied to the soil sample taken from the soils with the highest pollution concentration by two different methods. In photo-degredation applications performed in the presence of sunlight, 3 doses of 3 different chemicals were studied. The most effective dose for removal of 82 PCB type was calculated as 1% in TiO2 additive and 10% in DEA and H2O2. In PCB removal applications in the presence of UV light, two different temperatures (18 oC and 30 oC) and 3 different doses of H2O2 additive were used under UV A light source. 10% H2O2 was added at 18 oC and the best PCB removal was achieved in 82% yield for 82 PCB type in soil exposed to UV A. By increasing the temperature to 30 oC, the highest removal efficiency increased to 95% and the most effective dose of H2O2 was determined to be 10%.
This thesis consists of determination study, source analysis, risk and toxicity assessments and treatment studies applied to samples taken from Bursa soil. In the first part of the thesis, it is a determination study to determine PCB concentrations of 19 samples taken from the soil of 5 different regions (settlement, industrial, traffic, rural, traffic + barbecue + settlement) regionally and seasonally. The highest concentrations in summer and winter seasons were detected in the soils of the industrial zone. 82 PCB type concentration ranged from 0.67-17 ng/g DM in summer season and the concentration ranged from 1.13-85 ng/g DM in winter season. In the continuation of the study, which homologous groups were more dominant were determined and comparison of Dutch 7 PCB concentrations with high pollution points for PCB 82 type was made. In addition, correlation of light and heavy species with total organic carbon (TOC) was investigated. In the second part of the thesis, basic component analysis was conducted to determine the source of the samples and health risk and toxicity assessments were calculated in the region where the highest pollution was found in raw soil samples. Carcinogenic risk classification was made and cancer risk was found to be in “very low risk ile group with R <10-6. In the toxicity study, it was determined that PCBs in Bursa soil will not cause health problems for living things. In addition, PCA analysis was conducted with SPSS program to determine the source of pollutants and as a result of this analysis, it was found that PCB source was mainly traffic and industrial activities in Bursa soil. In the last part of the thesis, PCB removal applications have been applied to the soil sample taken from the soils with the highest pollution concentration by two different methods. In photo-degredation applications performed in the presence of sunlight, 3 doses of 3 different chemicals were studied. The most effective dose for removal of 82 PCB type was calculated as 1% in TiO2 additive and 10% in DEA and H2O2. In PCB removal applications in the presence of UV light, two different temperatures (18 oC and 30 oC) and 3 different doses of H2O2 additive were used under UV A light source. 10% H2O2 was added at 18 oC and the best PCB removal was achieved in 82% yield for 82 PCB type in soil exposed to UV A. By increasing the temperature to 30 oC, the highest removal efficiency increased to 95% and the most effective dose of H2O2 was determined to be 10%.
Description
Keywords
UV, Soil, Bursa, Toprak, PCB, TiO2, DEA, H2O2, Sağlık riski analizi, Toksisite, PCA, Health risk analysis, Toxicity
Citation
Tandoğan, B. A. (2019). Bursa topraklarında pcb kirliliğinin bölgesel ve mevsimsel değişiminin belirlenmesi ve giderim olanaklarının araştırılması. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.