Avrupa Birliği-Türkiye çevre politikaları oluşum süreci ve entegre kirlilik önleme ve kontrolü (IPPC) direktifinin incelenmesi (tekstil endüstrisi örneği)
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Date
2006
Authors
Şenoğlu, Seden
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Avrupa Birliği, ülkelerin kendi öz değerleri saklı kalmak koşulu ile, belirli alanlarda egemenliklerini devrederek ortak alanda egemenlik oluşturan ve Avrupa kıtasında sürdürülebilir bir barışın tesisi, ekonomik entegrasyonun ve siyasi bütünleşmenin sağlanması hedefi ile kurulan uluslar üstü bir kurumdur. Avrupa Birliğinin yürürlükte olan müktesebatında yer alan ve uyum çalışmaları sırasında ülkemizce ele alınması gereken pek çok önemli ana başlık vardır. Bunlardan biri de Çevredir.Bu çalışmada; öncelikle AB Müktesebatında yer alan Çevre başlığı kapsamında, çevre politikası oluşum nedenleri, gelişim süreci, hukuksal kaynakları ve müktesebatta yer alan ana mevzuatlar ortaya konmuş ve bu paralelde AB aday ülke statüsünde bulunan Türkiye'de çevre hukukunun oluşumu, gelişim süreci, hukuksal boyutu ve çevre yönetimi ile ilgili mevcut örgütlenme incelenmiştir. Buradaki amaç; ciddi bir müzakere süreci geçirecek olan ülkemizdeki çevre olgusuna bakış açısının değerlendirilmesi ve bugüne kadar geçirilen aşamalar ile gelinmiş olan noktanın tespiti suretiyle, AB nezdinde bulunduğumuz pozisyona ışık tutmaktır.Diğer taraftan AB Çevre Müktesebatının en önemli düzenlemelerinden biri olan ve çalışma konusunun esasını oluşturan Entegre Kirlilik Önleme ve Kontrolü (IPPC) Direktifinin idareye ve sanayi sektörüne getirdiği yükümlülükler ve uygulanma esasları açıklanarak, Direktife uyum çerçevesinde ülkemizin bulunduğu noktada yapılması gereken çalışmalar ortaya konmuştur. IPPC Direktifi, Avrupa Birliği Çevre Mevzuatında, Endüstriyel Kirlilik Kontrolü ve Risk Yönetimi Mevzuatı altında yer alan ve endüstriye tesislerin çevresel etkilerinin entegre bir biçimde kontrol edilmesini öngörerek, bu kapsamda istenen standartları sağlayabilen tesislere faaliyet izni verilmesini amaçlayan bir düzenlemedir. Direktifine önemli özelliği, Mevcut En İyi Tekniklerin (BATs) kullanılması gibi yeni bir takım yaklaşımların getirilmesi ile kirliliği kaynakta önleme yolunu benimseyecek bir anlayış değişikliği ortaya koyuyor olmasıdır. Direktifin, BAT uygulanması adı altında sektörlere getirmiş olduğu yükümlülüklerini delenebilmesi için çalışmanın son bölümünde uygulama çalışılması yapılmış, buna konu olarak da Avrupa Birliği cirosunun yaklaşık %3,4'üne tekabül eden ve ülkemiz ve bulunduğumuz il için önem arz eden bir endüstri dalı olan Tekstil Endüstrisi örnek olarak seçilmiştir. Endüstride kullanılması gereken BAT'ın neler olabileceği araştırılmış ve bunların anlaşılabilmesi için de öncelikle tekstil endüstrisinden kaynaklanan çevresel kirlilikler belirtilmiştir.Yapılan çalışma sonucunda, ülkemizde endüstri kaynaklı kirliliğin kontrolüne yönelik mevcut yasal düzenlemelerin, gelişmiş ülkelerdeki düzenlemeler ile genel anlamda uyumlu olduğu, ancak Türk çevre Mevzuatında IPPC Direktifinin gerekliliklerini karşılayacak olan herhangi bir yasal düzenlemenin mevcut olmadığı tespit edilmiş, söz konusu direktifin kapsamı ve son derece teknik olan içeriği ve özellikle de yüksek yatırım maliyeti gerektiren bir direktif olması nedeniyle 10 yıl gibi uzun soluklu ve detaylı çalışmalar gerektiren zorlu bir süreçten geçileceği sonucu çıkarılmıştır.
The European Union is a supra-national establishment, which, while reserving the authentic values of the countries, transfers sovereignties of the countries in certain areas and thus constitutes a joint sovereignty area and which was founded for the purpose of establishing a sustainable peace, economic and political integration in the European continent. There are several very important headings in the applicable Acquis Communitaire of the European Union that should be dealt with by our country during the harmonization studies. And one of them is the Environment.In this study; first of all, in the context of Environment in Acquis Communitaire of the EU,the motives of formation, the development process, legal resources of the environmental policy and the main regulations in the Acquis are put forward and, in line with this, the formation, development process,legal dimensions of the environmental laws and the existing organization in terms of environmental management in Turkey, which bears the status of candidate country for the membership of the EU are reviewed. Here the purpose is to evaluate the perspective of our country, which will go through a serious negotiation process, as to environment and, by determining the point that has been reached so far step by step, to shed a light on the position that we are in before the EU.On the other hand, via explanation of the obligations and principles of practice that the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive, which is one of the most important regulations of the Environmental Laws of the EU and which is the basis of the subject matter of the study,brings upon the administration and industry, the works to be done in our country at this point in the context of harmonization with the Directive are put forward. The IPPC Directive is a regulation which is within the European Union Environmental Laws, Industrial Pollution Control and Risk ManagementLegislation and which, stipulating that the environmental effects of the industrial facilities are controlled in an integrated manner, is intended for authorization of the establishments that can meet the standards in this context. The most important feature of the Directive is that, by bringing some new approaches such as using the Best Available Techniques (BATs), it puts forward a modification in conception that adopts preventing the pollution in its very resource. In order that the obligations that the Directive brings upon the sectors under the BAT practice can be examined, in the last section of the study a practical research was tries and as the subject matter of this research, the Textile Industry, which corresponds to approximately 3.4% of the EU endorsement and which is an industrial branch of importance for our province, is chosen as an example. What are the BATs to be used in the industry is explored and, in order to make these understandable, the environmental pollution originating from the textile industry is indicated in the first place.As the result of the study carried out, it has been founded the existing legal regulations intended for the control of the industry-associated pollution in our country are in harmony with the regulations in the developed countries at large, and that, though, there is no legal regulation within the TurkishEnvironmental Laws that can meet the requirements of the IPPC Directive, and it has been concluded that due to the scope and extremely technical content of the aforesaid directive and due to the fact that itis a directive demanding a high investment cost, there will be a tough process as long as 10 years, which will require detailed studies.
The European Union is a supra-national establishment, which, while reserving the authentic values of the countries, transfers sovereignties of the countries in certain areas and thus constitutes a joint sovereignty area and which was founded for the purpose of establishing a sustainable peace, economic and political integration in the European continent. There are several very important headings in the applicable Acquis Communitaire of the European Union that should be dealt with by our country during the harmonization studies. And one of them is the Environment.In this study; first of all, in the context of Environment in Acquis Communitaire of the EU,the motives of formation, the development process, legal resources of the environmental policy and the main regulations in the Acquis are put forward and, in line with this, the formation, development process,legal dimensions of the environmental laws and the existing organization in terms of environmental management in Turkey, which bears the status of candidate country for the membership of the EU are reviewed. Here the purpose is to evaluate the perspective of our country, which will go through a serious negotiation process, as to environment and, by determining the point that has been reached so far step by step, to shed a light on the position that we are in before the EU.On the other hand, via explanation of the obligations and principles of practice that the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive, which is one of the most important regulations of the Environmental Laws of the EU and which is the basis of the subject matter of the study,brings upon the administration and industry, the works to be done in our country at this point in the context of harmonization with the Directive are put forward. The IPPC Directive is a regulation which is within the European Union Environmental Laws, Industrial Pollution Control and Risk ManagementLegislation and which, stipulating that the environmental effects of the industrial facilities are controlled in an integrated manner, is intended for authorization of the establishments that can meet the standards in this context. The most important feature of the Directive is that, by bringing some new approaches such as using the Best Available Techniques (BATs), it puts forward a modification in conception that adopts preventing the pollution in its very resource. In order that the obligations that the Directive brings upon the sectors under the BAT practice can be examined, in the last section of the study a practical research was tries and as the subject matter of this research, the Textile Industry, which corresponds to approximately 3.4% of the EU endorsement and which is an industrial branch of importance for our province, is chosen as an example. What are the BATs to be used in the industry is explored and, in order to make these understandable, the environmental pollution originating from the textile industry is indicated in the first place.As the result of the study carried out, it has been founded the existing legal regulations intended for the control of the industry-associated pollution in our country are in harmony with the regulations in the developed countries at large, and that, though, there is no legal regulation within the TurkishEnvironmental Laws that can meet the requirements of the IPPC Directive, and it has been concluded that due to the scope and extremely technical content of the aforesaid directive and due to the fact that itis a directive demanding a high investment cost, there will be a tough process as long as 10 years, which will require detailed studies.
Description
Keywords
Avrupa Birliği (AB), Entegre Kirlilik Önleme ve Kontrolü Direktifi (IPPC), Mevcut en iyi teknikler (BAT), Tekstil endüstrisi, The European Union (EU), Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive (IPPC), Best available techniques (BAT), Textile industry
Citation
Şenoğlu, S. (2006). Avrupa Birliği-Türkiye çevre politikaları oluşum süreci ve entegre kirlilik önleme ve kontrolü (IPPC) direktifinin incelenmesi (tekstil endüstrisi örneği). Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.