Bolşevik idaresi döneminde Kazakistan’da Rus hâkimiyeti ve Türkler (1917–1936)
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Date
2010-09-27
Authors
Nurpeiis, Laziza
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Rusya’da 1917 yılında gerçekleşen Bolşevik İhtilali, komünist ideolojiye dayalı yeni bir sistemin ve proleter dünya devleti hedefine yönelik bir sürecin başlangıcını oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle konu, tarihi bir öneme sahiptir. Sovyet rejiminin kurulmasıyla birlikte, sosyalist ilkeleri gerçekleştirmek için hayatın her alanını kapsayan tedbirlere girişilmiştir. Bolşevik dönem, tüm ülke halkları için büyük bir değişimi getirmekle beraber, bu değişimin yönü, baştaki beklentilerin hüsranla sonuçlanmasına neden olacaktır. Kazakistan’daki ihtilal, Kazak bağımsızlık hareketinde adeta bir okul işlevi görmüş, idarenin Bolşeviklerin eline geçmesinden itibaren uygulanan totaliter politikalar, milliyetçi eğilimleri harekete geçirmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Bolşevik yönetiminin Kazakistan’da uyguladığı asimilasyon faaliyetlerine rağmen, bağımsız kimlik bilincinin yok edilemediği gerçeğini ortaya koymaktır. İncelen kaynaklar ve yapılan tahliller, Türk kültürünün komünist ideoloji karşısında direnç göstererek, mücadele yoluyla daha da güçlendiği sonucunu ortaya koymuştur. Çalışmada, hem Rus hem de Kazak yazarların eserleri dikkate alınmış, bunların karşılaştırılmasıyla bir senteze varılmaya çalışılmıştır. Böylece tarafsız bir değerlendirme ile konunun tüm boyutları aydınlatılmak istenmiştir. Yıllardır Rus emperyalizmi altında yaşayan Kazak Türkleri, bağımsızlıklarını koruma şartıyla yeni rejimi desteklemişlerdir. Bu şart yerine getirilmeyince, enternasyonal komünist idealler, millet olgusu karşısında yenilmiştir. Uygulanan baskılar, Türk kimliğini asimile etmek bir yana, bu kimliğin daha da vurgulanmasına sebep olmuştur. Böylelikle, Sovyet yönetiminin tarihi emelleri, amaçlananın tam tersi sonuçlar doğurmuştur.
The Bolshevik Revolution, which took place in Russia in 1917, caused the start of a period which had the goal of a new system based on communist ideology and a proletarian world government. For this reason, the topic of this thesis is of great historical importance. With the founding of the Soviet regime, attempts were made to implement measures covering every area of life in order to realize socialist principles. The Bolshevik period, in addition to bringing a huge change to the population of the country, would eventually result in the demise of the high hopes that were held at its beginning. The revolution in Kazakhstan had almost a schooling function in the context of the Kazakh independence movement, and starting with the Bolshevik’s taking the reins of the administration of the country, the totalitarian policies that were applied there brought nationalist tendencies into action. The purpose of this work is to display the reality that the awareness of an independent identity in Kazakhstan was not destroyed in spite of the Bolshevik administration’s assimiliation activities that it carried out there. The sources that were studied and the analyses that were carried out made it clear that Turkish culture resisted communist ideology and became even stronger through struggle. In this work, both Russian and Kazakh authors’ works were taken into account, and by comparing and contrasting them a synthesis of the two was attempted. In this way an endeavor was made to illuminate all the various dimenstions of the topic through on objective evaluation. The Kazakh Turks, who lived for many years under Russian imperialism, supported the new regime under the condition that their independence be protected. When this condition was not fulfilled, the international communist ideals were defeated by national identity. The repressions that were implemented, rather than assimilating away the Turkish identity, actually served to accentuate this identity. Thus the historical aspirations of the Soviet government brought about the exact opposite effect than that which was intended.
The Bolshevik Revolution, which took place in Russia in 1917, caused the start of a period which had the goal of a new system based on communist ideology and a proletarian world government. For this reason, the topic of this thesis is of great historical importance. With the founding of the Soviet regime, attempts were made to implement measures covering every area of life in order to realize socialist principles. The Bolshevik period, in addition to bringing a huge change to the population of the country, would eventually result in the demise of the high hopes that were held at its beginning. The revolution in Kazakhstan had almost a schooling function in the context of the Kazakh independence movement, and starting with the Bolshevik’s taking the reins of the administration of the country, the totalitarian policies that were applied there brought nationalist tendencies into action. The purpose of this work is to display the reality that the awareness of an independent identity in Kazakhstan was not destroyed in spite of the Bolshevik administration’s assimiliation activities that it carried out there. The sources that were studied and the analyses that were carried out made it clear that Turkish culture resisted communist ideology and became even stronger through struggle. In this work, both Russian and Kazakh authors’ works were taken into account, and by comparing and contrasting them a synthesis of the two was attempted. In this way an endeavor was made to illuminate all the various dimenstions of the topic through on objective evaluation. The Kazakh Turks, who lived for many years under Russian imperialism, supported the new regime under the condition that their independence be protected. When this condition was not fulfilled, the international communist ideals were defeated by national identity. The repressions that were implemented, rather than assimilating away the Turkish identity, actually served to accentuate this identity. Thus the historical aspirations of the Soviet government brought about the exact opposite effect than that which was intended.
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Keywords
Bolşevik ihtilal, Kazakistan, Sovyetler, Milli mücadele, Kazakhstan, Soviets, National conflict, Bolshevik revolution
Citation
Nurpeiis, L. (2010). Bolşevik idaresi döneminde Kazakistan’da Rus hâkimiyeti ve Türkler (1917–1936). Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.