2011 Cilt 5 Sayı 14
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Öge Açık Erişim Dermatocarpon intestiniforme (a lichen) modulates aflatoxin B1 induced genetic and oxidative damage in vitro(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Turkez, Hasan; Dirican, Ebubekir; Aydin, Elanur; Togar, Basak; Celik, KubraAflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a worldwide toxic contaminant of foods produced by Aspergillus species, exhibits oxidative stress mediated genotoxic damage although, the mechanism of cellular damage caused by AFB1 has not been fully elucidated. Different antioxidant molecules such as ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and tocopherol have been shown to possess anti-carcinogenic and anti-mutagenic properties against AFB1 toxicity. On the other hand, lichens have long been investigated popularly for biological roles; mainly anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-oxidant activities. Also, the influence of lichenic substances on DNA binding of AFB1, in mammalian cells, is still unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine whether Dermatocarpon intestiniforme extracts conferred a protection against AFB1-induced genotoxic and oxidative damage in vitro. For this aim, we determined sister chromatid exchange (SCE) rates and main antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in AFB1 (10 µM) and lichen (1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 µM) treated human whole blood cultures (n=3) for 72h. The lichen extracts at tested concentrations did not exhibit any negative effects on above studied parameters in culture tubes. Moreover, the results of the present study indicated that the increases of SCE frequencies and the decreases of antioxidant enzyme activities by AFB1 were minimized by the application of the lichen extracts (at 25 and 50 µM). Our results firstly suggest that D. intestiniforme augments the antioxidants defense against AFB1 induced toxicity. Again, these results demonstrate that dose controlled D. intestiniforme lichen diet may play a protective role in the process of AFB1 mutagenesis and/or carcinogenesis.Öge Açık Erişim Effect of drought stress and paclobutrazol- treated seeds on physiological response of festuca arundinacea L. master and lolium perenne L. barrage(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Shahrokhi, Mahsa; Tehranifar, Ali; Hadizadeh, Haniye; Selahvarzi, YahyaTo study interaction between drought stress and pachlobutrazol as treated seeds before planting, seeds of Festuca arundinacea L. Master and Lolium perenne L. Barrage were soaked with 0, 20, 30 and 40 mg.L-1 paclobutrazol for 24 h on shaker during imbibitions stage of seed germination. Treated seeds were sowed in the pots. After 102 days, when the seedlings well established, drought stress was applied in 50% field capacity (FC), 25% FC and well-watered. Interaction effect of Paclobutrazol × drought stress × cultivar was significant on relative water content (RWC). Drought stress increased electrolyte leakage whereas the highest concentration of paclobutrazol reduced EL. The highest total chlorophyll content was observed in Master at wellwatered however at 25% FC in Barrage the lowest chlorophyll content is resulted. Paclobutrazol 40 mgL-1 was the highest total chlorophyll content. Festuca arundinacea L. Master at 25% FC Was the highest proline content. All paclobutrazol concentrations in Festuca arundinacea L. Master resulted higher proline content. Paclobutrazol 20 mgL-1 at 25% FC had higher shoot dry weight. The highest root dry weight resulted in Barrage at well-watered with 30 mgL-1 paclobutrazol. Root length was the highest in well-watered and lower in 25% FC.Öge Açık Erişim Effect of ethanol, methanol and essential oils as novel agents to improve vase-life of alstroemeria flowers(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Bazaz, Azadeh Mousavi; Tehranifar, AliThe production of Alstroemeria flowers has been rapidly increasing in the world. In this research effect of different concentrations of ethanol (4, 7, 10%) methanol (4, 7, 10%) as pulse treatments and some essential oils (50 or 100 mg L−1 peppermint (Mentha piperata L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and black cumin (Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch)) on flower longevity, solution uptake, fresh weight and SPAD value as a measure of leaf greenness of Alstroemeria peruviana ‘santorini’ were analyzed. Results showed alcohol treatments had no positive effect on increasing vase life of Alstroemeria. Applying essential oils could extend the vase-life. The greatest longevity of vase life was related to 50 mg L−1 of thyme essential oil treatment and approximately it improved inflorescence cut vase life more than 2 days longer than control treatment. The greatest solution uptake and decrease in fresh weight were seen in 100 mg L−1 peppermint essential oil and 100 mg L−1 thyme essential oil, respectively. Essential oils could not maintain SPAD value in higher amount than control treatment but these compounds particularly 50 mg L−1 thyme, peppermint and black cumin essential oil are useful for increasing vase life of Alstroemeria.Öge Açık Erişim Effects of municipal wastewater on physical and chemical properties of saline soil(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Mojiri, AminA study was carried out to investigate the effects of municipal wastewater treatments on physical and chemical properties of saline soil. Recently, the amounts of wastewater are sharply increasing and the kinds of pollutants are also varied as the world wide industry is being developed incessantly. Soil samplings of 0-20 cm depth were from Segzi plain in Isfahan province (the center of Iran). The experiment was carried out at green house. The experiment consisted of 4 treatments including soil without irrigated (T1), soil irrigated with 100 ml of wastewater (T2), 200 ml of wastewater (T3) and 300ml of wastewater (T4) for everyday were taken as experimental unit. Soil reaction (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium ions (Na), chloride ions (Cl), extractable iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and bulk density (BD) were determined. Soil irrigated with wastewater caused increase of EC, P, OM, TN, K, Na, Cl, Fe, Cd and Zn but it caused a decrease of soil pH. This result showed that soil irrigated with wastewater caused a decreased of BD.Öge Açık Erişim Effects of rimsulfuron, foramsulfuron and conventional herbicides on weed control and maize yield at three planting dates(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Zaremohazabieh, Sara; Ghadiri, HosseinField experiment was conducted in 2007 and 2008 in research station of college of agriculture, Shiraz University of Iran, to evaluate the effect of herbicide application and planting dates on yield and yield components of maize and weed control. Treatments were atrazine plus alachlor at 1 + 2.44 and 1.92 + 1.5, 2,4-D + MCPA at 0.36 + 0.31 and 0.54 + 0.46, rimsulfuron at 0.02 and 0.04, foramsulfuron at 0.03 and 0.06 kg a.i. P ha-1, a weed free and a weedy check and three planting dates (5 May, 5 June and 5 July). Results of both years showed that foramsulfuron and atrazine+ alachlor in both applied rates controlled weeds greatly in all planting dates. Combination of 2,4-D + MCPA in both applied rates controlled field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) about 85 to 99% in the 3rd planting date. The minimum weed biomass reduction and lowest maize grain yield was obtained with rimsolforun in both applied rates and 2,4-D + MCPA at 0.36 + 0.31 kg a.i. P ha-1 in the first planting date. Maximum weed biomass reduction and the highest maize grain yield were obtained with foramsulfuron in both applied rates in the 3rd planting date and 2nd planting date, respectively.Öge Açık Erişim The effects of shrub pruning and fruit thinning on seed germination and seedling of tomato in the next generation lycopersicon esculentum mill(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Tabasi, Atefeh; Nemati, Hossein; Tehranifar, Ali; Akbari, MohammadSeed is the main principle of agricultural products and it has a key role as first consumable input to transfer genetic Characters. In this investigation the effects of cultivar, shrub pruning and fruit thinning on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of tomato (seed and seedling) have been evaluated. Experiment was performed by factorial analysis (3×2×3) with 5 replications in completely randomized design (CRD). First treatment was three cultivars of tomato, second treatment was two styles of shrub pruning, in which all of subsidiary branches are removed (Type 1) and one cluster and leaf on subsidiary branches are remained and then extras removed (Type 2) and Third treatment was fruit thinning. Each tomato cultivar was fruit thinned to three different levels (4, 5 and 6 fruit for each plant). The results showed that all treatments had significant influence on weight of 1000 seeds for the next generation. The effects of cultivar and fruit thinning were significant on germination percentage. But shrub pruning did not affect the germination percentage of seeds. Also effects of cultivar and fruit thinning were considerable on fresh and dry weight of seedling root and stem. The effect of fruit thinning and cultivar were significant on height and the number of seedling leaflet. Totally fruit thinning and shrub pruning had a vital role in increasing qualitative and quantitative characteristics of seed and seedling.Öge Açık Erişim Intradermal testing results and clinical features in dogs with atopic dermatitis in Turkey(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Temizel, Ethem M.; Aytuğ, Nilüfer; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı.This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between clinical signs and intradermal skin test results and the prevalence of causative allergens. A total of 50 dogs of different breeds, ages and sexes (26 male and 24 female) were used as material. After clinical examination and ruling out other disease based on diagnostic work-up, IDT (Intradermal testing) were performed on the dogs suspected of atopy. The 16 allergens used in the study were selected based on a previous study. All the dogs in the study had one or more positive reactions to the allergens used in the IDST. The positive reaction ratios were: 70% (n: 35) for lambs wool, 66% (n: 33) for house dust mites, 46% (n: 23) for cotton, 48% (n: 24) for fleas, 32% (n: 16) for human epithelium, and 24% (n: 12) for Penicillum notatum. According to the IDST, there was no positive reaction to beech. It was concluded that Willemse’s criteria correlated with history and that clinical findings are important in the diagnosis of cases with suspected atopy. IDST results should thus be considered as the “gold standard” in the diagnosis of atopy and the identification of offending allergens.Öge Açık Erişim Production of protease by bacillus sp. N-40 isolated from soil and its enzymatic properties(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Sevinc, Nihan; Demirkan, Elif; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Biyoloji Bölümü.Fifty four Bacillus strains isolated from different soils were screened for protease production. One strain producing maximum protease was selected. In order to enhance the production of protease, the effects of major medium ingredients, such as carbon, nitrogen sources and metal ions, on the production of the enzyme were investigated. Among the carbon sources used, fructose showed the highest potential for the production. The best organic nitrogen source was skim milk. Inorganic nitrogen sources were not as effective as organic sources. Addition of combine metal ions minimized the enzyme production. Combinations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in medium were the best. Both ions were not effective alone. Increased production (51%) of the enyzme was obtained by manipulating the medium composition. The optimum pH and temperature for the purified enzyme activity were 7.0 and 55°C, respectively. The study of its stability showed that the enzyme is stable in the alkaline pH range 6.0-9.0, and at temperatures between 40 and 70 °C. The enzyme was also thermostable (77% at 55 °C for 3 h). The enzyme activity was stimulated by Mn2+ and Ca2+. It showed a single band with a molecular weight of 52 kDA by SDS-PAGE.