2021 Cilt 20 Sayı 1

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11452/16366

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    Boolean algebra and aristotelian logic
    (Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-02-05) Keven, Nazim
    George Boole is one of the first logicians who offered a systematic formalization of language. He developed a notation to encode ordinary language sentences to algebraic symbols and developed algebraic methods to manipulate those symbols and to deduce results that are interpretable in the ordinary language. His methods formed the basis of modern logic. Boole applied his formal methods to many of the contemporary questions of his time, one of them being scholastic logic. In this paper, I explain how Boole deals with Aristotelian logic. I will start with his notation and algebraic methods, then apply them to Aristotelian conversions and syllogisms. It must be noted Boole has two versions of notation and methods, one is developed in Mathematical Analysis of Logic and the other is in his seminal book The Laws of Thought. I focus on the later version.
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    Kant and hegel on freedom
    (Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-02-20) Göksel, Gülay Uğur
    The main objective of this article is to understand Hegelian understanding of freedom through a comparison of its Kantian counterpart. I set up this investigation with a consideration of the debate between liberals and communitarians. In the history of political thought, many political thinkers have been occupied by the questions about the priority of right over good and of universal over particular. In order to answer these questions, one needs to have a clear conception of freedom since the claims of freedom and equality are universally accepted political values which should reflect our political institutions contextually. To accomplish this task, first, I will introduce a brief account of Kant’s idea of freedom. It is crucial to know Kantian idea of freedom and how this idea reflects to his political philosophy to understand Hegel’s emphasis on ethical order and particularly state institutions. Second, I will give a brief account of Hegel’s idea of freedom by giving references to his book titled Philosophy of Right. Third, I will introduce two major criticisms that Hegel poses to the Kantian idea of freedom. Finally, I will introduce how Hegel tries to overcome the problems of Kantian idea of freedom through the dialectical construction of the concepts of spirit, freedom and ethnical order.