2024 Cilt 24 Sayı 1

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11452/43453

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A cheaply non-destructive techique to estimate honey quality: Thermal imaging and machine learning
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2024-04-16) Kibar, Mustafa
The aim of this study was to estimate honey quality based on proline and Brix content using a thermal imaging and machine learning algorithm. The proline, Brix and color properties of twenty honey samples were determined. Proline and Brix values were classified and estimated using the classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm. The mean proline and Brix content in honey samples was 678.83±192.16 mg/kg and 83.2±0.79%, respectively. CART analysis revealed that high proline honey samples had L values above 48.143 and b* values below 35.416. In contrast, honey samples with low Brix values were characterized by L and a* values below 55.860 and 53.660, respectively, and were identified as freshly harvested. The CART algorithm classified the proline and Brix values with an accuracy of 95% and 100%, respectively (p< 0.001). As a result, whitish, bluish, blackish and greenish honeys are of higher quality due to high proline and low Brix content. However, to accurately assess honey quality based on its color traits, comprehensive studies with more honey samples and origin, are required.
Ethology of stingless bees (Tetragonula “iridipennis” sp. group) ın habitancy
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2024-04-06) Saaivignesh, Balakrishnan; Manickavasagam, Sagadai; Anujaa, Boopathiraja
Most primitive stingless bee species in Asia are Tetragonula “iridipennis sp. group, which are highly eusocial and corbiculate. The aim of the study is to explore thestingless bee behaviour around their habitat, as they have constructed their nest in cracks and crevices. General behaviour of stingless bee, inside the hive and their habitat was studied through periodical observation of colony throughout the research period 2020 to 2021. Colony behaviour showed that the bees (i) resort to switching of entrance (during morning and night), (ii) construct false nest and vestibule chamber to prevent intruders by trapping and mummification, (iii) follow mass provisioning (time and number of workers involved in provisioning per brood pot) and ovipositioning process (time taken for egg laying by queen and sealing of brood pots by workers after oviposition), (iv) resort to cleaning process through removal of waste as a debris ball, (v) resort to mess and soil manner of foraging (burglary of floral rewards), (vi) forage on resin substances (like natural milky latex from plant and petroleum product-grease) and (vii) peak forage time was between 10.00 and 01.00 hours.
Identification of the botanical origin and determination of physicochemical parameters of honey samples collected from the sary-chelek biosphere reserve of Kyrgyzstan
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2024-04-15) Ishenbaeva, Nazgül; Musulmanova, Mukarama; Smanalieva, Jamila
Sary-Chelek Biosphere Reserve is one of the richest rare flora and animal reserves in Kyrgyzstan. The natural environment of the Sary-Chelek Biosphere Reserve is exceptionally favourable to high-quality honey production. Botanical authenticity is the main factor influencing honey prices, as it has a direct impact on the quality of honey. Producing monofloral honey in a natural landscape is challenging because, throughout the beekeeping season, multiple melliferous plants bloom at the same time. The article describes for the first time the botanical origin and physicochemical characteristics of honey collected in this biosphere reserve and also determines the influence of the dominant honey plant on organoleptic, physicochemical, and food safety indicators. Pollen grains of 50 taxa of nectar sources and about 10 taxa of pollen sources were identified. There were unique plant pollens in the samples; nine of the samples were monofloral honey—three of sage (Salvia officinalis L.), four of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and two of eremurus (Eremurus fuscus O.Fedtsch), and eight samples were polyfloral honey. High diastase activity was found in samples of thyme honey (41.1 ± 2.9 Gothe) and in samples of sage honey (31.3 ± 2.2 Gothe). The physicochemical and food safety parameters of the honey samples comply with the established norms and international standards.
Impact of acaricides on varroa destructor infestatıon in honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera l.) and their histological effects on hypopharyngeal glands
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2024-02-10) Rasha A., Salem; El-sayied, Hashish M.; Amro, Abdulraouf; Alla, Asmaa Abd
This study aimed to determine the random role of some acaricides, which are the most commonly used in Egypt for controlling Varroa destructor on Hypopharyngeal Glands (HPGs) of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). The acaricides used in this study were Varroakiller®, Menthocaros®, Amitraz®, Varroby®, and formic acid. Results showed that the total number of fallen mites was 53.5, 47, 28.6, 26, and 24.5 for Varroakiller®, Menthocaros®, Amitraz®, Varroby®, and formic acid, respectively, compared to 16 mites in the control group. For sealed worker brood areas (SWBA), the treatments included Varroakiller® (327.98 cm2), formic acid (228.92 cm2), Varroby® (222.25 cm2), Menthocaros® (129.72 cm2), and Amitraz® (101.73 cm2), while the SWBA for control colonies was 44.83 cm2. Histological studies of the HPGs showed that although Varroakiller® effectively controlled Varroa mites and had no direct impact on worker bees or egg-laying areas, it considerably impacted the HPGs, which could ultimately affect the bee colony. Moreover, formic acid recorded a lower number of fallen Varroa with acceptable outcomes for egg-laying areas and sealed workers. This, coupled with the fact that formic acid was deemed the most significant due to its effectiveness over a short period, resulted in a reduction of 100% after 24 days.
Investıgatıon of heavy metal levels of beeswax ın bee apiaries in Çankırı
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2024-03-20) Portakal, Pınar; Çiltepe, Mustafa
A total of 25 samples of beeswax (9 from the southern and 16 from the northern of Çankırı) were collected within the scope of this study. Heavy metal contents of these samples were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The mean iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), cadmium (Cd), selenium (Se) levels in the samples were found to be 36.28 ppm, 1.69 ppm, 1.65 ppm, 1.14 ppm, 0.78 ppm, 0.68 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.13 ppm, 0.06 ppm, 0.01 ppm, respectively. Comparing the northern and southern regions, only Cd (1.10 ppm) was found to be higher in the southern region, whereas the other heavy metals were found to be higher in the northern region. No statistical difference was found between mean Fe, Pb, Zn, Al, Cr, V, and Se levels in the wax samples obtained from the northern and southern regions, whereas a statistically significant difference was found in Mn, Cu, and Cd concentrations. As a result, the heavy metal concentration in beeswax varied between the regions. Except for Cd element, all values were higher in the northern region of Çankırı and this region that is close to the highway with heavy traffic should be evaluated in terms of beekeeping.
Variations in heat shock proteins between different honey bees and bee taxa utilizing bioinformatics
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2024-02-07) Abou-Shaara, Hossam
The changes in climate and exposure to heat stress are major concerns for agricultural communities as it affects pollinators like bees. Bees from different taxa play a crucial role in plant pollination, and their exposure to heat stress induces the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) to protect their cells. Several studies have analyzed the variations in HSPs expression levels and amino acid sequences. Databases for sequences of HSPs with different molecular weights are currently available. Variations in HSPs expression levels have been noted among individuals belonging to the same or different bee taxa exposed to heat stress. The properties of HSPs could help in understanding these variations. This study utilized bioinformatics and protein analysis tools to investigate the variations in sequences of heat shock proteins 60 (HSP60) and 83 (HSP83) in 18 bee taxa (15 from Family Apidae, 2 from Family Halictidae, and one from Megachilidae). The analysis showed some identical values to bees from genus Apis and Bombus. For HSP60, all bee taxa had high G content (587-602), followed by A (438-444), then C (389-404), and finally T (282-291). For HSP83, all bee taxa had high A content (730-759), followed by G (572-592), then C (406-419), and finally T (415-429). The conserved domains were highly identical in case of HSP60 versus HSP83. The motifs were from one or more protein families with variation among taxa. All proteins showed hydrophilic properties with variable isoelectric points. The study suggested an identical 3-D structure for proteins in all bee taxa. The role of the detected variations in affecting the response of HSPs to stress was discussed. This study paves the way for more investigations on HSPs and encourages the use of bioinformatics and protein analysis tools to explain any observable variations.

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