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Histological and histochemical structure of the scrotal skin of adult brown bears (Ursus arctos arctos)
(TÜBİTAK, 1997) Özfiliz, Nesrin; Özer, Aytekin; Uludaǧ Üniversitesi/Veterinerlik Fakültesi.; AAH-2756-2021; 6602532634; 7005139374
The study carried out on the scrotal skin of Brown bears brought to the Wild life Research Center of Uludag University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Macroscopically, scrotal skin was considerably thick and its surface was wrinkled, dark coloured and sparsely haired. On the light microscope, it was observed that the scrotal skin was composed of two main layers, epidermis and dermis. On the epidermal-dermal junction, a basement membrane rich in reticular fibers was seen. The smooth muscle bundles in stratum papillare were smaller than of stratum reticulare. The hair follicles sparsely noticed in stratum reticulare didn't have any arrectores muscles. The primary and secondary follicles couldn't be distinguished. Sebaceous glands were noticed near the hair follides in stratunt reticulare and the deeper parts of stratum papillare. Generally, scrotal skin was rich in sweat glands located in the same level with sebaceous glands or under the hair follicle bulbs. Sweat glands were lined by simple squamous or cuboidal epithelial cells depending on the stage of secrotoric activity.
Using possibilities of food industry by-products poultry manure mixture silages at lamb fattening
(TÜBİTAK, 1997) Karabulut, Ali; Filya, İsmail; Ak, İbrahim; Köseoğlu, Şafak; Bölüktepe, Selçuk; Uludaǧ Universitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zooteknik Bölümü.; AAH-2927-2021; 7005308670; 6701639395; 57212420802; 7003730097; 6506450198
Aim of the study was to investigate using possibilities at lamb fattening of silages produced by ensiling mixtures of poultry manure with apple pomace, dried sugar beet pulp and tomato pulp. It was estimated that total liveweight gain; 16.20, 14.83, 15.05 and 10.30 kg., average daily liveweight gain; 289.29, 264.82, 268.75 and 184.47 g; average daily feed dry matter consumption 1279.07, 1211.25, 1116.48 and 1040.10 g; feed efficiency 4.42, 4.57, 4.15 and 5.64 kg of experimental groups of fattening lambs consumed concentrate feed mixture alone and apple pomace, dried sugar beet pulp, tomato pulp and poultry manure mixture silages besides concentrate feed mixture respectively. It has been understood from the results of the research that, it is possible to use dried sugar beet pulp, apple pomace and poultry manure silages succesfully at lamb fattening.
Histological and histochemical investigations on the structural aspects of the testis of adult brown bear (Ursus archtos arctos)
(TÜBİTAK, 1997) Özfiliz, Nesrin; Uludaǧ Üniversitesi/Veterinerlik Fakültesi.; AAH-2756-2021; 6506533788
The study carried out on mature Brown Bears brought to the Wild Life Research Center of Uludag University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, for rehabilitation. The bears were castrated before sending them to a wild life sanctuary for preventing their over breeding. Structural differences in the testes of bears in sexually active and inactive state were shown by using histological, histochemical and histometrical methods. Testes were cut longitudinally into two pieces and the lengths were measured. The tissue pieces taken from four different parts of one piece, fixated in buffered formalin to demonstrate the parenchyma and excretory ducts. The 5-7 micron sections cut from paraffin blocks, stained with Crosmon's Triple stain for morfological features, Gomori's silver stain and Pinkus' orcein-giemsa stain for connective tissue fibers, Me Manus' periodic-acide schiff technique for glycosaminoglycans. The 10-15 micron cryostat sections were stained with Oil-red O stain method for lipids. The average diameters of seminiferous tubules were measured with the method of Gill and Leighton. The average lengths of testes in active state were found longer than in inactive state. In the active state tunica albuginea of testes was thicker than in the inactive state. In the sexually active state it was observed that the walls of tubuli seminiferi contorti were made up of 2-4 lines of cells while they were contracted and the wall was made up of 1-2 cell lines in the inactive state. The average diameters and thickness of epithelium lining ductuli efferentes, ductus epididimidis and ductus deferens were increased in the active state.
Chloroquine in idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis - A case report
(Türkiye Milli Pediatri Derneği, 1997) Meral, Adalet; Günay, Ünsal; Küçükerdoğan, Aygün; Canıtez, Yakup; Özuysal, Sema; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Pediatri Anabilim Dalı.; 6602571317; 6603885274; 6508083721; 8988954700; 56616314600
This report describes an 11-year-old boy with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. His only presenting symptom was severe anemia due to Iron deficiency. Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis was diagnosed nine years after the onset of symptoms. During this period many invasive and non-contributory investigations were performed. This report describes the patient's diagnostic problems, clinical features and dramatic improvement with chloroquine (250 mg/day) after failing to respond to megadose methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg). One year later, chloroquine was discontinued. The patient has remained in remission since March 1994. Chloroquine should be used for this life-threatening conditon since a is less toxic than other immunosuppressive drugs.
A histological and morphometrical comparative study on the skin of kivircik and Karacabey merino sheep
(TÜBİTAK, 1997) Özfiliz, Nesrin; Özer, Aytekin; Yakışık, Mine; Erdost, Hatice; Uludaǧ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Histoloji-Embriyoloji Anabilim Dalı.; AAH-2756-2021; AAH-9216-2021; 6602532634; 7005139374; 6506478312; 6505787570
In this study, Kivircik and Karacabey Merino Sheep bred in extensive condition in South Marmara region were used. The skin samples taken from six different parts of body were investigated for histologically, histochemically and histometrically. As the difference between the thickness of dermis of the two breds were statistically unimportant, the difference between the thickness of stratum papillare and stratum reticulare was statistically important. The hair follicles were in a deeper position in Kivircik Sheep than of the Merino Sheep. Hair of Kivircik Sheep was made up of medulla, cortex and cuticula while of Karacabey Merino Sheep was made up of cortex and cuticula. While the difference between the numbers of primary follicles in square milimeters for the two breds was unimportant, the difference between the numbers of secondary follicles was important for Karacabey Merino Sheep. The difference between the total numbers of the hair follicles was statistically important only on the skin of shoulder region of Karacabey Merino Sheep. The diamater of the primary and secondary hair follicles of the three different parts of body were thinner in Karacabey Merino Sheep than of the Kivircik Sheep.
Kısraklarda PGF2α enjeksiyonları sonrası östrus, ovulasyon ve gebelik oranları
(TÜBİTAK, 1998) Semacan, Ahmet; Taşal, İbrahim; Demirel, Mürsel; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.; 7004221011
Prostaglandin F2 alpha was commonly used for synchronisation in mares. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of single and double doses of PGF2 alpha on estrous, ovulation and pregnancy rates. Therefore 43 Thoroughbred mares, between 4-17 years old, were used. Thirty mares 10 mg PGF2 alpha (Dinoprost Tromethamine, Dinolytic) was injected intramuscularly, regardless of the stage of the estrous cycle, for synchronization. Estrous behaviors and follicular development were examined with daily teasing and rectal palpation every other day, after PGF2 alpha injection and ovulation times determined daily rectal palpation during estrous. The mares which in estrous (n: 11) natural service or artificial insemination with fresh semen were done every other day until estrous behavior lasted. The mares (n: 19), were not estrous after first PGF2 alpha injection, were injected second PCF2 alpha 14 days later and repeated all applications after first PGF2 alpha injections. Control group (n: 13) were chosen from the mares which were not injected PGF2 alpha in estrous and natural service or artificial insemination with fresh semen were done every other day until estrous behavior lasted. For pregnancy diagnosis, rectal palpation were done all mares between 30-35th and 60th days after ovulation. Estrous, ovulation and pregnancy rates obtained from first or second PCF2a injected mares and control group were 36.66%, 33.33% and 45.45%; 68.42%, 78.94% and 46.66; 100%, 92.30% and 53.84%, respectively. Consequently, because of no detrimental effect of PGF2 alpha injections on estrous, ovulation and pregnancy rates, it was concluded that PGF2 alpha injections for synchronization but, estrous and ovulation rates low in single dose injection therefore double doses injections would be more beneficial.
Myasthenia Gravis in a dog
(TÜBİTAK, 1998) Batmaz, Hasan; Süzer, Fikriye; Kennerman, Engin; Yılmaz, Zeki; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0003-1991-8957; A-9637-2008; AAH-1712-2021
A seven-month-old male collie was brought to our clinic with complaints of exhaustaion and fatigue for the past month, inability to stand on its hind legs, loss of voice and anorexia for the past week, in clinical examination. increase in heart frequency, difficulty in lifting the head, tetraparesis, regurgitation and urinary incontinence were observed. MG was suspected and 0.05 mg/kg i.m. neostigmine methylsulfate was given for clinical diagnosis. A positive response was seen within 30 minutes of drug application. The same drug was administered 3 hours later and the same positive clinical findings were observed. The disease was diagnosed as MG. The serum AChR antibody concentration was determined to be 0.03 nmol/l. Pyridostigmine bromide was used for four weeks and prednisolone was used for two weeks. The patient was able to walk normally after 15 days and had a good appetite. The dog was sent back home in good health six weeks later and the disease did not relapse for more than two years.
Ankara Keçilerinde transferrin (beta-globulin) polimorfizmi
(TÜBİTAK, 1998) Asal, Sevinç; Elmacı, Cengiz; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zooteknik Bölümü.; 0000-0003-4819-0221; V-7882-2019; 6602597697
In this study transferrin polymorphism was investigated in Angora Goats. The seperation of transferrin types were carried out using the horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis. The frequencies of transferrin alleles were determined 0.0801+/-0.019. 0.195+/-0.018 and 0.004+/-0.003 for TfA, TfB and TfC, respectively. Differences between expected number and observed number for transferrin genotypes were nonsignificant.
Erişkin boz ayı ovurmalarının yapısal özelliklerinin histolojik yönden incelenmesi
(TÜBİTAK, 1998) Özfiliz, Nesrin; Uludaǧ Üniversitesi/Veterinerlik Fakültesi.; AAH-2756-2021; 6602532634
This study was made to investigate the structure of the ovaries of adult Brown bears which were brought to the Wildlife Research Centre (WRC) in Bursa. Ovaries obtained by laparoscopic surgery method, were divided into two pieces and fixated in buffered formalin. The 10-15 mu cryostat sections were stained with Oilred O stain method. The 5-7 mu sections cut from paraffin blocks stained with Crossmon's triple stain, Gomori's silver stain, Pinkus' orcein-glema stain and Me Manus' periodic acide schiff (PAS) technique. The shapes of ovaries were observed as ovoid by ultrasonografi device. In the histological examinations, it was composed of two main zones cortex and medulla. The surfaces of ovaries were wavy and lined by simple cuboidal epithelium. Tunica albuginea was rich in collagenous fibers bundles and reticulum fibers whereas poor in elastic fibers. In the cortex of ovaries, connective tissue cells were existed in addition to intersitial cells containing lipid. Primordial. primer, secondary, tertiary follicles, corpus luteum and atretic follicles were seen in the cortex of ovaries. Medulla was consisted of loose connective tissue. Medulla contained different sizes of blood, lymph vessels and nerve fibers surrounded elastic fibers.
Psoriasis in a patient with neurofibromatosis
(Türkiye Milli Pediatri Derneği, 1999) Çelebi, Solmaz; Kılıç, Sara Şebnem; Okan, Mehmet; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Pediatri Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0001-8571-2581; AAH-1658-2021; 7006095295; 34975059200; 6701707256
A seven-year-old hoy with neurofibromatosis who developed scalp psoriasis is presented. The clinical evaluation of the patient revealed multiple cafe au lait spots, axillary freckling, bilateral Lisch nodules and a psoriatic plaque on his scalp. Though there is no known direct relationship between neurofibromatosis and psoriasis, one is suggested in this patient, possibly related to a common genetic defect.
Karacabey Merinosu koyunların yarı-entansif koşullarda kuzulama aralıǧının kısaltılması üzerine bir çalışma
(TÜBİTAK, 1999) Batmaz, E. Seval; Başpınar, Hasan; Uludaǧ Üniversitesi/Veterinerlik Fakültesi.; 6505870862; 6507053820
In this study, it is aimed to decrease lambing interval of Karacabey Merino sheep. For this reason,in June and March, sheep were mated in the interval of 8 month. Fertility traits such as oestrus, pregnancy, parturition, lambing rate and that of twinning and litter size were 99.35, 90.25, 88.96, 1327.01, 52.55 % and 1.54 respectively in June. The values of same fertility traits were 95.17, 82.75, 78.62, 105.51, 34.21 % and 1.34 respectively in March. The body weight before mating for the sheep was found 68.03 kg in June and 61.68 kg in March. The lambing interval for the sheep was observed 9.2+/-1.11. Survival rate of lambs borned from mating in June on the 60(th) day was 91.90% and that of lambs borned from mating in March was 92.15%. Birth weight and weaning weight on the 60(th) day males were 4.32 kg. and 19.42 kg. and this weights in females were 4.07 kg. and 17.69. in same order, the values obtained in lambs borned from mating in March were 4.58 kg. and 19.90 kg. 4.31 kg, and 18.74 kg., respectively. The factors studied, birth type and effects of sex were significant in view of birth and on the 60(th) day weight (P<0.01), however age of dam and the birth season effects were insignificant. This research has indicated that lambing programs in Karacabey Merino sheep can be implemented three times within two years.
Kıvırcık koyunların ithal etçi koçlar ile (Hampshire Down, Siyah başlı Alman, Lincoln) melezlenmesi sonucu elde edilen genotip grupların verim özellikleri
(TÜBİTAK, 1999) Akgündüz, Vedat; Koyuncu, Mehmet; İpek, Aydın; Tuncel, Erdoğan; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zooteknik Bölümü.; 0000-0003-0379-7492; AAG-8536-2021; AAH-2551-2021; 16156692300; 56208332300; 7006929824
This research was conducted to determine growth and survival characteristics of F-1 and F-2 genotype groups of lambs and reproduction characteristics of F-1 genotype groups obtained from crossbreeding Kivircik to Hampshire Down, Lincoln and Blackhead German mutton sheep breeds raised at Bandirma Sheep Research Institute. Differences between reproductive characteristics of Hampshire Down x Kivircik and Blackhead German x Kivicik F-1 crossbred sheep were not significant. Effects of birth type and sex on weights at birth, 60., 120. and 180 days in all genotype groups were statistically significant (P<0.01). Differences between genotype groups for survival rate up to 60., 120, and 180.days of F-1 and F-2 crossbred lambs were found significant.
Prevalence of enzootic bovine leukosis in the South Marmara Region and observations of some management practices
(TÜBİTAK, 1999) Minbay, Ahmet; Baklacı, Can; Batmaz, Hasan; Çarlı, Kamil Tayfun; Şen, Ayşin; Kennerman, Engin; Yılmaz, Zeki; Caner, Vildan; Uludaǧ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi.; 0000-0003-1991-8957; 0000-0003-0980-9335; AAH-1712-2021; ABI-5029-2020; A-9637-2008; 6602783183; 6601971539; 7401592869; 16031244000; 35944810500; 6506328450
Seven hundred seventeen cattle, over the age of six months in the South Marmara Region (Bursa, Bahkesir and Canakkale) were tested for the presence of Bovine leukemia Virus (BLV)-antibody with ELISA. Blood and milk samples were taken from 362 and 355 cattle, respectively. Totally, sixty-nine cattle (9.62%) were found to be carriers of antibodies against BLV-gp 51 antigen. The BLV infection rate was found to be 13.25% and 5.91% in the sera and milk samples tested, respectively. The infection rate were determined to be 14.19% in Bursa and 3.52% in Bahkesir, but BLV seropositive cattle were not found in Canakkale. It was observed that the highest infection rate was in the Karacabey provincial region of Bursa. By repeated hematological examinations of seropositive cattle, 30 (43.47%) cattle were found to have persistent lymphocytosis (PL),The infection rate was high in the herd at Karacabey. The total leucocyte count and lymphocyte percantages in the BLV+PL+ group were observed to be higher (P<0.001) than in the BLV- and BLV+PL-groups. The lymphosarcoma form of the infection was not seen in this study. It was noted that larger herds, pooled milk feeding, repeated vaccination and therapeutic procedures, using contamined sleeves and particularly needles caused the increase in EEL. In conclusion, it was determined that BLV infection was high in Nilufer and particularly high in Karacabey-Bursa, and some management practices was effective in reducing the infection rate. it was thought that the BLV infection rate would be decreased by preventing iatrogenic transmission and particularly eliminating the cattle with PL.
Stabilities of complexes of scandium(III) and yttrium(III) with salicylic acid
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 1999) Türkel, Naciye; Aydın, Rahmiye; Özer, Ulviye; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Kimya Bölümü.; 56630903300; 56261495600; 6601993613
The interactions of Sc(III) and Y(III) ions with salicyclic acid, SA (H2L), were studied in aqueous solution by means of potentiometric and spectroscopic methods. The binding of SA occurs in Y(III):SA system, either in (1:1) or (1:2) mole ratios. The stability constants of the mono protonated complex, YHL2+, and Y(HL)(2)(+) type complex were calculated. The coordination of Sc(III) to SA was defined by means of Job's plot and its formation curve. The stability constants of ScL+ and Sc(HL)L type complexes were determined by analysis of the potentiometric data; the coordination of SA to Sc(III) occurred through carboxylate and phenolic oxygens. The existence of hydrolytic reactions of Sc(III) and Y(III) complexes of SA were defined from potentiometric: data and related equilibrium constants were also defined.
Farklı ipekböceği (Bombyx mori) hatlarının bazı kantitatif özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiler
(TÜBİTAK, 1999) Kesici, Tahsin; Bağcı, Yıldırım; Şahan, Ümran; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zooteknik Bölümü.; AAH-2966-2021; 6602128089
This research was conducted to find out the characteristics related with cocoon and egg yield and correlaitions between these important characters in B8 (Japan) and Tokai (Chinese) breeds of silkworm. The relation between mounting weight and cocoon yield traits and the possibility of using them in selection were also investigated. The silkworms of the B8 line proved to be superior to Tokai with regard to mounting weight and pupal weight traits (P<0.05). In addition, both lines were found to be similar with respect to cocoon weight. cocoon shell ratio and moth weight. The female silkworm of both lines had higher values with regard to those characters than the males (P<0.01). The high correlations between mounting weight of larvae with shell weight, pupal and moth weight: shell weight with shell ratio were significant in both sexes of the two lines (P<0.01), B8 line was superior to Tokai with regard to egg yield, The correlations between egg number and pupal weight were significant in both sexes (P<0.05).
Cüce (Ross) ve normal (Hubbard) etlik piliç anaçların bazı verim ve özellikleri bakımından karşılaştırılması
(TÜBİTAK, 1999) Yağız, Yalçın; İpek, Aydın; Şahan, Ümran; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zooteknik Bölümü.; AAH-2551-2021; AAH-2966-2021; 56208332300; 6602128089
This research was conducted to compare some production traits Dwarf (Ross) and Normal (Hubbard) broiler parents. Material for this research consisted of dwarf and normal broiler parents hatched in the same period. For the dwarf and normal parent groups, mean live weights at the 20. weeks of ages were 1740.5 gr and 2000.3 gr (P<0.01). Sexual maturity ages (age at %5 egg production) for the groups were 168 and 176 day. Hen-day egg production values of normal parent was higher than dwarf parent (P<0.01). In addition, mean eggs weight values were higher in normal parent than the values for dwarfs during whole egg production period (P<0.05; P<0.01). The differences in mortality during the rearing period and laying period were not significant for between two groups. It was determined that, feed consumption of dwarf parent was less than that normal parent. On the other hand, hatching of total eggs of dwarf parent were significantly higher than normal parent for all investigated periods except 30. week of age. It was determined that, dwarf parent were advantageous with respect to stocking densities, feed consumption and hatching of total eggs.
The effects of feed removal during the day on some production traits and blood parameters sf broilers
(TÜBİTAK, 2000) Petek, Metin; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Hayvan Bilimleri Bölümü.; 7004448692
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feed removal during the day on broiler performance and some blood parameters. Live material of the experiment consisted of 600 mixed sex day-old commercial (Avian Farm) broiler chicks. The experiment was held in six rooms with a randomly allocated control group and two treatment groups and their replicates. The birds were full fed ad libitum in the control group while the feeders were removed for three and six hours per day for the treatment I and treatment II groups respectively between the 5th and 37th days. Average live weights of the control, treatment I and treatment II groups at 40 days of age were 1992.5, 1918.0 and 1940.0 g, respectively. The differences between the control group and the two others were statistically significant (P<0.05). Feed conversion ratios were 2.03, 2.08 and 2.00 for the groups, respectively. For the same groups, the average figures for the carcass weight as a percentage of live weight were calculated to be 68.68, 67.88 and 69.15%, respectively. For the groups haematocrit values (%) were 28.57, 29.14 and 30.50, haemoglobin values (g/100 ml) were 5.58, 5.88 and 6.78, and red blood cell numbers (cell/mm(3)) were 2.27x10(6), 2.49x10(6) and 2.35x10(6), respectively.
Partial splenic embolization in beta-thalassemia major - A case report
(Turkish National Pediatric Society, 2000) Meral, Adalet; Sevinir, Betül; Sadıkoǧlu, Yurtkuran; Nacarküçük, Ergün; Günay, Ünsal; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Pediatri Anabilim Dalı.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Radyoloji Anabilim Dalı.; AAH-1570-2021
Partial splenic arterial embolization was performed in a thalassemic child for hypersplenism manifested by splenomegaly, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia requiring frequent erythrocyte transfusion, During a follow-up period of 11 months, his hematological parameters improved significantly and the spleen size decreased. Partial splenic embolization could be an alternative therapy to surgical splenectomy for thalassemic children with hypersplenism.
Sıvı azotta dondurulan koç spermasının spermatolojik özellikleri ve değişik yöntemlerle tohumlamada kullanılması üzerine araştırmalar
(TÜBİTAK, 2000) Gökçen, Hazım; Soylu, M. Kemal; Doğan, İbrahim; Uludaǧ Üniversitesi/Veterinerlik Fakültesi/Dolerme ve Suni Tohumlama Anabilim Dalı.; 6602190279; 7003293300; 36762299000
In the first step, semen samples were diluted with Tris + Citric acid + Fructose + egg yolk and Sadium citrate + Egg yolk diluents and were frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour. in the second step, 120 Merino ewes were synchronised with sponges, which contained flourogestone acetate, for 14 days. PMSG was injected into the ewes on the withdrawal day. Ewes were divided into groups and subgroups. Gn-RH was injected into half of the subgroup ewes at the beginning of their oestrus. Ewes were inseminated with fresh and frozen semen. Conception rates of ewes inseminated with fresh semen both at the beginning and at the end of the oestrus, and at the end of the oestrus were found to be highest. Gn-RH did not have a significant effect on the results.
Et tipi damızlıklarda yumurta özgül ağırlığı ve anaç yaşının kuluçka özelliklerine etkileri
(TÜBİTAK, 2001) İpek, Aydın; Şahan, Ümran; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zooteknik Bölümü.; AAH-2966-2021; AAH-2551-2021; 56208332300; 6602128089
This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of specific gravity and breeder age on egg weight loss during incubation, and on the hatchability and embryonic mortality of broiler breeders. The eggs from Ross commercial broiler breeder flocks were collected (age 34 and 59 weeks). The eggs were divided according to specific gravity into two groups: thin shelled, <1.080 and thick shelled, >1.080. The effects of specific gravity and breeder age on egg weight loss, embryonic mortality and hatchability were significant (P<0.01). The results demonstrated that eggs with the lowest specific gravities had the greatest weight losses, the highest embryonic mortalities and the lowest hatchabilities. In addition, hatchability was lower in the older flock due to increased early and late embryonic mortalities. It was concluded that shell quality may be a significant factor in declining hatchability as the hen ages.

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