Browsing by Author "Tekin, Yücel"

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Agricultural machinery education in Turkey
(Tempus Puplications, 2006) Tekin, Yücel; Arslan, Ridvan; Ulusoy, Yahya; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; 0000-0002-0111-6879; J-3560-2012; AAG-6056-2021; V-1754-2018; 15064756600; 13609418000; 6508189419
The education of agricultural machinery technicians is performed by the vocational schools in Turkey. One of the main problems of the agricultural sector in Turkey is the lack of qualified technicians. Parallel to the changing agricultural engineering concept in Europe, new technologies have been launched for leaching of agricultural machinery technicians. New and expanded areas like GPS and GPRS for management, technical-biological system analysis, and natural Resources Technology have been included in the agricultural technologies disciplines of traditional Universities of Agricultural Colleges in the EU. Modern agricultural machinery technician courses include the subjects of information technologies, mechatronics, sensor technology and robotics. The most important step to take in Agricultural machinery programs is to increase the quality of agricultural education and to identify where it stands in international standards. Throughout the membership application process of Turkey prior to joining the EC there has been a need for the application of new technologies and more qualified, sustainable education for agricultural machinery technicians who will be welcomed by the EU countries. In this paper, we describe the model and curriculum of agricultural machinery technician education of the Uludag University.
Comparing the artificial neural network with parcial least squares for prediction of soil organic carbon and ph at different moisture content levels using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy
(Soc Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo, 2014-07-23) Mouazen, Abdul M.; Tekin, Yücel; Tümsavaş, Zeynal; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü.; J-3560-2012; 15064756600; 6507710594
Visible and near infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy is widely used to detect soil properties. The objective of this study is to evaluate the combined effect of moisture content (MC) and the modeling algorithm on prediction of soil organic carbon (SOC) and pH. Partial least squares (PLS) and the Artificial neural network (ANN) for modeling of SOC and pH at different MC levels were compared in terms of efficiency in prediction of regression. A total of 270 soil samples were used. Before spectral measurement, dry soil samples were weighed to determine the amount of water to be added by weight to achieve the specified gravimetric MC levels of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 %. A fiber-optic vis-NIR spectrophotometer (350-2500 nm) was used to measure spectra of soil samples in the diffuse reflectance mode. Spectra preprocessing and PLS regression were carried using Unscrambler (R) software. Statistica (R) software was used for ANN modeling. The best prediction result for SOC was obtained using the ANN (RMSEP = 0.82 % and RPD = 4.23) for soil samples with 25 % MC. The best prediction results for pH were obtained with PLS for dry soil samples (RMSEP = 0.65 % and RPD = 1.68) and soil samples with 10 % MC (RMSEP = 0.61 % and RPD = 1.71). Whereas the ANN showed better performance for SOC prediction at all MC levels, PLS showed better predictive accuracy of pH at all MC levels except for 25 % MC. Therefore, based on the data set used in the current study, the ANN is recommended for the analyses of SOC at all MC levels, whereas PLS is recommended for the analysis of pH at MC levels below 20 %.
Effect of moisture content on prediction of organic carbon and pH using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy
(Wiley, 2012-01) Mouazen, Abdul Mounem; Tekin, Yücel; Tümsavaş, Zeynal; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi.; J-3560-2012; 15064756600; 6507710594
This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of moisture content (MC) on the prediction accuracy of soil organic C (SOC) and pH of soils collected from Turkey and the United Kingdom using a fiber-type visible and near infrared (Vis-NIR) spectrophotometer. The diffuse reflectance spectra of 270 soil samples were measured under six gravimetric MC levels of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%. Partial least squares (PLS) regression analyses with full cross-validation were performed to establish models for SOC and pH. Before PLS analysis, the entire spectra were randomly split three times into calibration (80%) and validation (20%) sets. Results showed that the prediction performance of SOC in the validation set was successful, with root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEPs) of 1.26 to 1.55% and residual prediction deviations (RPDs) of 2.29 to 2.83, and rather poor for pH, with RMSEPs of 0.65 to 0.85 and RPDs of 1.29 to 1.65. The best accuracy achieved for SOC was for dry soil samples (RMSEP = 1.26%, RPD = 2.83), whereas the worst accuracy was for wet soil samples with 5% MC (RMSEP = 1.55%, RPD = 2.29). The best result for pH was obtained for dry samples (RMSEP = 0.70%, RPD = 1.65), although this accuracy was comparable to that of the 10% MC soil samples (RMSEP = 0.65%, RPD = 1.60). The ANOVA supported the conclusion that there was a significant effect of MC on prediction accuracy, although this effect was larger for SOC (P < 0.0000) than pH (P < 0.05).
Energy and emission benefits of chicken manure biogas production - A case study
(IEEE, 2017) Ulusoy, Yahya; Ulukardeşler, Ayşe Hilal; Arslan, Rıdvan; Tekin, Yücel; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; 0000-0001-6563-5785; 0000-0002-0111-6879; J-3560-2012; AAH-9267-2019; AAG-6056-2021; V-1754-2018; 6508189419; 35194624700; 13609418000; 15064756600
Studies on the production of biogas of different organic materials in an anaerobic environment are being carried out all over the world. The most important parameters in these researches can he listed as raw material potential, production processes, economic analyses and environmental effects. Chicken manure is one of the raw materials used in biogas production. In this study, in addition to the analysis of biogas and energy production potential from chicken manure, greenhouse gas emissions were analyzed to evaluate environmental effects. In Turkey, chicken manure is not adequately processed and causes environmental pollution. The model biogas plant and potential energy generation were researched in this field study. The pilot plant produces 8.58 million m(3) of biogas per year by processing about 110 thousand tons of waste. It produces 17 GWhlyear of electricity and 16 CWh/year of thermal energy, as well as reducing CO2 greenhouse gas emissions by 13.86 thousand tons/year.
Energy and emission benefits of chicken manure biogas production: A case study
(Springer, 2021-03-01) Ulusoy, Yahya; Ulukardeşler, Ayşe Hilal; Arslan, Rıdvan; Tekin, Yücel; ULUSOY, YAHYA; ULUKARDEŞLER, AYŞE HİLAL; ARSLAN, RİDVAN; TEKİN, YÜCEL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu; 0000-0003-2658-3905; 0000-0002-0111-6879; 0000-0003-3665-7680; 0000-0001-6563-5785; J-3560-2012; V-1754-2018; AAH-9267-2019; AAG-6056-2021
Studies on the production of biogas of different organic materials in an anaerobic environment are being carried out all over the world. The most important parameters in these researches can be listed as raw material potential, production processes, economic analyses, and environmental effects. Chicken manure is one of the raw materials used in biogas production. In this study, in addition to the analysis of biogas and energy production potential from chicken manure, greenhouse gas emissions were analyzed to evaluate environmental effects. In Turkey, chicken manure is not adequately processed and causes environmental pollution. The model biogas plant and potential energy generation were researched in this field study. The pilot plant produces 8.58 million m(3) of biogas per year by processing about 110 thousand tons of waste. It produces 17 GWh/year of electricity and 16 GWh/year of thermal energy, as well as reducing CO2 greenhouse gas emissions by 13.86 thousand tons/year.
Energy and emission benefits of chicken manure biogas production: A case study
(Springer Heidelberg, 2021-03-01) Ulusoy, Yahya; ULUSOY, YAHYA; Ulukardeşler, Ayşe Hilal; ULUKARDEŞLER, AYŞE HİLAL; Arslan, Rıdvan; ARSLAN, RİDVAN; Tekin, Yücel; TEKİN, YÜCEL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; 0000-0003-2658-3905; 0000-0002-0111-6879; AAH-9267-2019; J-3560-2012; V-1754-2018
Studies on the production of biogas of different organic materials in an anaerobic environment are being carried out all over the world. The most important parameters in these researches can be listed as raw material potential, production processes, economic analyses, and environmental effects. Chicken manure is one of the raw materials used in biogas production. In this study, in addition to the analysis of biogas and energy production potential from chicken manure, greenhouse gas emissions were analyzed to evaluate environmental effects. In Turkey, chicken manure is not adequately processed and causes environmental pollution. The model biogas plant and potential energy generation were researched in this field study. The pilot plant produces 8.58 million m(3) of biogas per year by processing about 110 thousand tons of waste. It produces 17 GWh/year of electricity and 16 GWh/year of thermal energy, as well as reducing CO2 greenhouse gas emissions by 13.86 thousand tons/year.
The engine tests of biodiesel from used frying oil
(Taylor & Francis, 2004-08) Çetinkaya, Merve; Karaosmanoğlu, Filiz; Ulusoy, Yahya; Tekin, Yücel; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu/Tarım Alet ve Makineleri Programı.; AAG-6056-2021; J-3560-2012
Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly and a renewable alternative diesel fuel that can be used in diesel engines with little or no modification. Used frying oil is one of the raw materials which can be used for biodiesel production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of used frying oil originated from biodiesel on engine performance and emissions in a Fiat Doblo 1.9 DS, four-cylinder four-stroke, 46 kW power capacity diesel engine. Comparative measurements with no. 2 diesel fuel were conducted on both engine power and emission characteristics of each of the fuel used. Biodiesel, when compared to no. 2 diesel fuel, showed reduction in wheel force over 3.35% and it also reduced the wheel power by over 2.03%. In the acceleration tests, 40-100 km/h and 60-100 km/h acceleration periods were measured and a reduction of 7.32% and 8.78% were observed, respectively. According to emission tests, as a result of biodiesel consumption, a reduction of 8.59% in CO emission and an increase of 2.62% were observed in CO2 emission. Also, NOx emissions increased by 5.03% as a result of biodiesel consumption. HC emissions and particulate emissions have a significant effect on air pollution. As a result of biodiesel usage, HC and particulate emissions decreased by 30.66% and 63.33%, respectively. When the fuel consumption amounts are compared, it was observed that biodiesel consumption was 2.43% less than that of no. 2 diesel fuel. These emission engine test results show that biodiesel is a more environment friendly fuel than no. 2 diesel fuel.
An evaluation of the alternative transport fuel policies for Turkey
(Elsevier Science, 2010-06) Arslan, Rıdvan; Ulusoy, Yahya; Tekin, Yücel; Sürmen, Ali; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Otomotiv Mühendisliği.; 0000-0002-0111-6879; J-3560-2012; V-1754-2018; AAG-6056-2021; 13609418000; 6508189419; 15064756600; 6508353020
The search for alternative fuels and new fuel resources is a top priority for Turkey, as is the case in the majority of countries throughout the world. The fuel policies pursued by governmental or civil authorities are of key importance in the success of alternative fuel use, especially for widespread and efficient use. Following the 1973 petroleum crisis, many users in Turkey, especially in transportation sector, searched for alternative fuels and forms of transportation. Gasoline engines were replaced with diesel engines between the mid-1970s and mid-1980s. In addition, natural gas was introduced to the Turkish market for heating in the early 1990s. Liquid petroleum gas was put into use in the mid-1990s, and bio-diesel was introduced into the market for transportation in 2003. However, after long periods of indifference governmental action, guidance and fuel policies were so weak that they did not make sense. Entrepreneurs and users experienced great economical losses and lost confidence in future attempts to search for other possible alternatives. In the present study, we will look at the history of alternative fuel use in the recent past and investigate the alternative engine fuel potential of Turkey, as well as introduce possible future policies based on experience.
Evaluation of tool life - tool wear in milling of inconel 718 superalloy and the investigation of effects of cutting parameters on surface roughness with taguchi method
(Univ Osijek, 2013) Motorcu, Ali Rıza; Kuş, Abdil; Arslan, Rıdvan; Tekin, Yücel; Ezentaş, Rıdvan; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; 0000-0002-9129-8935; G-5458-2017; 57196667786; 13609418000; 15064756600; 6506973222
In this study, the effects of cutting speed, milling direction (down milling, up milling), coating layer (TiAlN and TiAlN-TiN) and the number of inserts of tool holder on the surface roughness and tool life in dry milling of Inconel 718 superalloy were investigated. In the first place, the effects of control factors on the tool life were studied at the cutting speeds of v = 50 m/min and v = 100 m/min. The alternation of flank wear depending on the cutting time was examined. The types of wear and wear mechanisms were determined by examining the optical images of worn tools. In the second part of the study, for the purpose of investigating the effects of control factors on the surface roughness, L16 Taguchi Technique was used and the optimal control factor levels, giving the lowest value of the average surface roughness parameter (Ra) were determined. The effect of cutting speed on the tool life was more than the effects of the milling type and number of inserts. Down milling resulted in longer tool life compared to up milling method. In up milling, longer tool life was obtained with 2 inserts at low cutting speeds and with 4 inserts at high cutting speeds. TiAlN- TiN coated tools exhibited twice as long tool life than the TiAlN coated tools. For both milling methods, the most effective wear types were flank wear and nose wear.
Geometric and mechanical properties of mung bean (vigna radiata l.) grain: Effect of moisture
(Taylor & Francis, 2008) Işık, Eşref; İzli, Nazmi; Tekin, Yücel; Ünal, Halil İbrahim; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Tarım Makinaları Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu/Makine ve Metal Teknolojileri Bölümü.; 0000-0002-2084-4660; AAH-4410-2021; R-7996-2016; J-3560-2012; 55807866400; 24477025400; 15848516300; 15064756600
In this research, selected geometric and mechanical properties of mung bean grain were evaluated as a function of moisture content. Five levels of moisture content ranging from 7.28 to 17.77% d.b. (dry basis) were used. The average length, width, thickness, arithmetic and geometric mean diameters, sphericity, thousand grain mass and angle of repose ranged from 5.145 to 6.199 mm, 3.760 to 4.474 mm, 3.537 to 4.223 mm, 4.147 to 4.965 mm, 4.090 to 4.893 mm, 0.795 to 0.789, 52.3 to 64.6 g, and 25.87 to 29.38 degrees as the moisture content increased from 7.28 to 17.77% d.b., respectively. The bulk density was found to be decreased from 821.3 to 745.2 kg/m(3), whereas the grain volume, true density, porosity, terminal velocity, and projected area were found to be increased from 27.88 to 47.33 mm3, 1230.0 to 1456.7 kg/m(3), 30.43 to 46.57%, 4.86 to 5.29 m/s, and 17.48 to 19.26 mm(2), respectively. There is a 43% increase in surface area from grain moisture content of 7.28 to 17.77% d.b. The static coefficient of friction on various surfaces increased linearly with the increase in moisture content. The rubber as a surface for sliding offered the maximum friction followed by galvanised iron, medium density fibreboard, stainless steel, aluminium and glass sheet. As moisture content increased from 7.28 to 17.77%, the rupture forces values ranged from 67.39 to 39.44 N; 63.86 to 42.18 N, and 53.96 to 41.79 N for thickness (Z axis), length (Y-axis) and width (X-axis), respectively.
Geometric and mechanical properties of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) grain:: Effect of moisture
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2008-01-01) Ünal, Halil; Işık, Eşref; İzli, Nazmi; Tekin, Yücel; ÜNAL, HALİL; Işık, Eşref; İZLİ, NAZMİ; TEKİN, YÜCEL; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Tarım Makinaları Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; R-7996-2016; J-3560-2012; AAH-4410-2021; CVV-6593-2022
In this research, selected geometric and mechanical properties of mung bean grain were evaluated as a function of moisture content. Five levels of moisture content ranging from 7.28 to 17.77% d.b. (dry basis) were used. The average length, width, thickness, arithmetic and geometric mean diameters, sphericity, thousand grain mass and angle of repose ranged from 5.145 to 6.199 mm, 3.760 to 4.474 mm, 3.537 to 4.223 mm, 4.147 to 4.965 mm, 4.090 to 4.893 mm, 0.795 to 0.789, 52.3 to 64.6 g, and 25.87 to 29.38 degrees as the moisture content increased from 7.28 to 17.77% d.b., respectively. The bulk density was found to be decreased from 821.3 to 745.2 kg/m(3), whereas the grain volume, true density, porosity, terminal velocity, and projected area were found to be increased from 27.88 to 47.33 mm3, 1230.0 to 1456.7 kg/m(3), 30.43 to 46.57%, 4.86 to 5.29 m/s, and 17.48 to 19.26 mm(2), respectively. There is a 43% increase in surface area from grain moisture content of 7.28 to 17.77% d.b. The static coefficient of friction on various surfaces increased linearly with the increase in moisture content. The rubber as a surface for sliding offered the maximum friction followed by galvanised iron, medium density fibreboard, stainless steel, aluminium and glass sheet. As moisture content increased from 7.28 to 17.77%, the rupture forces values ranged from 67.39 to 39.44 N; 63.86 to 42.18 N, and 53.96 to 41.79 N for thickness (Z axis), length (Y-axis) and width (X-axis), respectively.
Hidrolik tahrikli bir toprak penetrometresi için geliştirilen mekanik sistem tasarımı
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2003) Tekin, Yücel; Okursoy, Rasim; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksek Okulu.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Tarım Makinaları Bölümü.
Tarım makinalarındaki teknolojik gelişmelerin bir sonucu olarak, tarım alet ve makinalarının artan ağırlıkları ile birlikte bir sezonda yürütülen tarımsal işlerde tarla trafiği oransal olarak azalmasına rağmen, artan traktör-ekipman ağırlığından dolayı bitkisel üretimde verimi önemli miktarlarda etkileyen bir sorun olarak toprak sıkışıklığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Toprak sıkışıklığının belirlenmesi amacıyla, özellikle ağır toprak koşullarında, el penetrometresi ile yapılan ölçümlerde verilerin alınması zor ve uzun zaman almakla birlikte penetrometrede standart delme hızı uygulanamaması nedeni ile alınan veriler hatalı olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada toprak sıkışıklığının tarla koşullarında kolayca ölçülebilmesinde kullanılan hidrolik tahrikli bir elektronik toprak penetrometresine ilişkin mekanik sistem tanıtılmıştır. Cihazın mekanik aksamını traktör üç nokta askı sistemine asılan bir çatı ve bu çatı üzerinde penetrometre çubuğunun düşey yöndeki hareketini sağlayan kızaklar ve penetrometre arabası oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmalar sonucu tasarımı yapılan penetrometrenin tarla şartlarında çalıştırılması sırasında mekanik aksamda herhangi bir sorun gözlenmemiştir.
Investigation of performance and emission characteristics of waste cooking oil as biodiesel in a diesel engine
(KeAi Publishing, 2018-05) Bolat, Alper; Şahin, Remzi; Ulusoy, Yahya; Arslan, Rıdvan; Tekin, Yücel; Sürmen, Ali; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu/Tarım Makinaları, Otomotiv Teknolojisi Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Otomotiv Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-0111-6879; 0000-0003-3665-7680; AAG-6056-2021; V-1754-2018; J-3560-2012; JCN-8081-2023; 6508189419; 13609418000; 15064756600; 6508353020
Biodiesel is one of the most popular prospective alternative fuels and can be obtained from a variety of sources. Waste frying oil is one such source along with the various raw vegetable oils. However, some specific technical treatments are required to improve certain fuel properties such as viscosity and calorific value of the biodiesel being obtained from waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCOME). Various treatments are applied depending on the source and therefore the composition of the cooking oil. This research investigated the performance of WCOME as an alternative biofuel in a four-stroke direct injection diesel engine. An 8-mode test was undertaken with diesel fuel and five WCOME blends. The best compromise blend in terms of performance and emissions was identified. Results showed that energy utilization factors of the blends were similar within the range of the operational parameters (speed, load and WCOME content). Increasing biodiesel content produced slightly more smoke and NOx for a great majority of test points, while the CO and THC emissions were lower.
Local wind characteristics for east Thrace, Turkey
(Taylor & Francis, 2012) Vardar, Ali; Okursoy, Rasim; Tekin, Yücel; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Tarım Makinaları Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu/Tarım Makinaları Bölümü.; 0000-0001-6349-9687; J-3560-2012; AAH-5008-2021; 15049958800; 6506218306; 15064756600
In this study, 8 stations located in east Thrace in the northwest of Turkey have been taken into consideration. The wind speed data and the present power potential analysis of these stations have been calculated and the wind characteristics of the territory have been determined. Edirne, Luleburgaz, and Kirklareli stations have been determined as the stations that are inefficient of the wind speed. The maximum wind speed value gained at these stations at 60 m high has been determined as 5.48 ms(-1) in 1979. The most efficient stations of wind speed potential have been determined as Corlu and Malkara stations. It has been realized that maximum power up to 139.03 Wm(-2) values would be gained from these stations. The highest wind speed value has been derived as 10.01 ms(-1) at Corlu in 1976. Also, it was discovered that the wind speed of four stations was reducing year after year and this decrement was statistically significant. The dispersals have been introduced showing the relationship between the area's wind speeds with the percent frequency value. And it has been stabilized that the wind is dominantly blowing through the ways between geographical north-east and west-south.
On-line Vis-Nir sensor determination of soil variations of sodium, potassium and magnesium
(IOP Publishing, 2016) Mouazen, Abdul M.; Golabi, M. H.; Tekin, Yücel; Tümsavaş, Zeynal; Ulusoy, Yahya; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi.; AAG-6056-2021; J-3560-2012; 15064756600; 6507710594; 6508189419
Among proximal measurement methods, visible and near infrared (Vis-Nir) spectroscopy probably has the greatest potential for determining the physico-chemical properties of different natural resources, including soils. This study was conducted to determine the sodium, potassium and magnesium variations in a 10. Ha field located in Karacabey district (Bursa Province, Turkey) using an on-line Vis-Nir sensor. A total of 92 soil samples were collected from the field. The performance and accuracy of the Na, K and Mg calibration models was evaluated in cross-validation and independent validation. Three categories of maps were developed: 1) reference laboratory analyses maps based on 92 points 2) Full-data point maps based on all 6486 on-line points Vis-Nir predicted in 2013 and 3) full-data point maps based on all 2496 on-line points Vis-Nir predicted in 2015. Results showed that the prediction performance in the validation set was successful, with average R2 values of 0.82 for Na, 0.70 for K, and 0.79 for Mg, average root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values of 0.02% (Na), 0.20% (K), and 1.32% (Mg) and average residual prediction deviation (RPD) values of 2.13 (Na), 0.97 (K), and 2.20 (Mg). On-line field measurement was also proven to be successful with validation results showing average R2 values of 0.78 (Na), 0.64 (K), and 0.60 (Mg), average RMSEP values of 0.04% (Na), 0.13% (K), and 2.19% (Mg) and average RPD values of 1.57 (Na) 1.68 (K) and 1.56 (Mg). Based on 3297 points, maps of Na, K and Mg were produced after N, P, K and organic fertilizer applications, and these maps were then compared to the corresponding maps from the previous year. The comparison showed a variation in soil properties that was attributed to the variable rate of fertilization implemented in the preceding year.
Online measurement of soil organic carbon as correlated with wheat normalised difference vegetation index in a vertisol field
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2014-06-12) Mouazen, Abdul M.; Tekin, Yücel; Ulusoy, Yahya; Tümsavaş, Zeynal; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi.; AAG-6056-2021; J-3560-2012; 15064756600; 6508189419; 6507710594
This study explores the potential of visible and near infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy for online measurement of soil organic carbon (SOC). It also attempts to explore correlations and similarities between the spatial distribution of SOC and normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) of a wheat crop. The online measurement was carried out in a clay vertisol field covering 10 ha of area in Karacabey, Bursa, Turkey. Kappa statistics were carried out between different SOC and NDVI data to investigate potential similarities. Calibration model of SOC in full cross-validationresulted in a good accuracy (R-2 = 0.75, root mean squares error of prediction (RMSEP) = 0.17%, and ratio of prediction deviation (RPD) = 1.81). The validation of the calibration model using laboratory spectra provided comparatively better prediction accuracy (R-2 = 0.70, RMSEP = 0.15%, and RPD = 1.78), as compared to the online measured spectra (R-2 = 0.60, RMSEP = 0.20%, and RPD = 1.41). Although visual similarity was clear, low similarity indicated by a low Kappa value of 0.259 was observed between the online vis-NIR predicted full-point (based on all points measured in the field, e.g., 6486 points) map of SOC and NDVI map.
Potential of on-line visible and near infrared spectroscopy for measurement of pH for deriving variable rate lime recommendations
(MDPI, 2013-07-31) Kuang, Boyan; Mouazen, Abdul M.; Tekin, Yücel; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; J-3560-2012; 15064756600
This paper aims at exploring the potential of visible and near infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy for on-line measurement of soil pH, with the intention to produce variable rate lime recommendation maps. An on-line vis-NIR soil sensor set up to a frame was used in this study. Lime application maps, based on pH predicted by vis-NIR techniques, were compared with maps based on traditional lab-measured pH. The validation of the calibration model using off-line spectra provided excellent prediction accuracy of pH (R-2 = 0.85, RMSEP = 0.18 and RPD = 2.52), as compared to very good accuracy obtained with the on-line measured spectra (R-2 = 0.81, RMSEP = 0.20 and RPD = 2.14). On-line predicted pH of all points (e.g., 2,160) resulted in the largest overall field virtual lime requirement (1.404 t), as compared to those obtained with 16 validation points off-line prediction (0.28 t), on-line prediction (0.14 t) and laboratory reference measurement (0.48 t). The conclusion is that the vis-NIR spectroscopy can be successfully used for the prediction of soil pH and for deriving lime recommendations. The advantage of the on-line sensor over sampling with limited number of samples is that more detailed information about pH can be obtained, which is the reason for a higher but precise calculated lime recommendation rate.
Prediction and mapping of soil clay and sand contents using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy
(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2018-06-28) Mouazen, Abdul M; Tümsavaş, Zeynal; Tekin, Yücel; Ulusoy, Yahya; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü.; 0000-0003-2658-3905; AAG-6056-2021; 6507710594; 15064756600; 6508189419
The aim of this research was to examine the potential of visible and near infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy for the prediction and mapping of sand and clay fractions of soils in one irrigated field having clay texture in Karacabey district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Eighty six soil samples, collected from the study area, were divided into calibration (80%) and validation (20%) sets. A partial least squares regression (PLSR) with leave-one-out cross-validation analysis was carried out using the calibration set, and the resulting model prediction ability was tested using the prediction set. Models developed were used to predict sand and clay content using laboratory spectra and spectra collected on-line from the field. Results showed an "excellent" laboratory prediction performance for both sand (regression coefficient (R-2) = 0.90, root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) = 2.91% and ratio of prediction deviation (RPD) = 3.25 in cross-validation; R-2 = 0.81, RMSEP = 3.84% and RPD = 2.33 in the prediction set) and clay (R-2 = 0.91, RMSEP = 2.67% and RPD = 3.51 in cross validation; R-2 = 0.85, RMSEP = 3.40% and RPD = 2.66 in the prediction set). On-line predictions were less accurate than the laboratory results, although the online predictions were still very good (RPD = 2.25-2.31). Kappa statistics showed reasonable similarities between measured and predicted maps, particularly for those obtained with laboratory scanning. This study demonstrated that soil sand and clay can be successfully measured and mapped using Vis-NIR spectroscopy under both laboratory and on-line scanning conditions.
Prediction of soil cation exchange capacity using visible and near infrared spectroscopy
(Elsevier, 2016-12) Mouazen, Abdul M.; Ulusoy, Yahya; Tekin, Yücel; Tümsavaş, Zeynal; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi.; J-3560-2012; AAG-6056-2021; 6508189419; 15064756600; 6507710594
This study was undertaken to investigate the application of visible and near infrared (vis -NIR) spectroscopy for determining soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) under laboratory and on-line field conditions. Measurements were conducted in two fields with clay texture in field 1 (F1) and clay-loam texture in field 2 (F2) both in Turkey. Partial least squares (PLS) regression analyses with full cross-validation were carried out to establish CEC models using three datasets of F1, F2 and F1 + F2. Analytically-measured, laboratory vis-NIR and on-line vis-NIR predicted maps were produced and compared statistically by kappa coefficient. Results of the CEC prediction using laboratory vis-NIR data gave good prediction results, with averaged r(2) values of 0.92 and 0.72, root mean squared errors of prediction (RMSEP) of 1.89 and 1.54 cmol kg(-1) and residual prediction deviations (RPD) of 3.69 and 1.89 for F1 and F2, respectively. Less successful predictions were obtained for the on-line measurement with r(2) of 0.75 and 0.7, RMSEP of 4.79 and 1.76 cmol kg(-1) and RPD of 1.45 and 1.56 for F1 and F2, respectively. Comparisons using kappa statistics test indicated a significant agreement (kappa = 0.69) between analytically-measured and laboratory vis-NIR predicted CEC maps of F1, while poorer agreement was found for F2 (kappa = 0.43). A moderate spatial similarity was also found between analytically-measured and on-line vis-NIR predicted CEC maps in F1 (kappa = 0.50) and F2 (kappa = 0.49). This study suggests that soil CEC can be satisfactorily analysed using vis-NIR spectroscopy under laboratory conditions and with somewhat less precision under on-line scanning conditions.
Prediction of soil Sand and clay contents via visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy
(Ios Press, 2017) Mouazen, Abdul M.; Kim, P.; Analide, C.; Tümsavaş, Zeynal; Tekin, Yücel; Ulusoy, Yahya; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksek Okulu/Makine ve Metal Teknolojileri/Tarım Makineleri.; ECX-5291-2022; ECV-1720-2022; AAG-6056-2021
Visible and near infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy is a non-destructive analytical method that can be used to complement, enhance or potentially replace conventional methods of soil analysis. The aim of this research was to predict the particle size distribution (PSD) of soils using a Vis-NIR) spectrophotometry in one irrigate field having a vertisol clay texture in the Karacabey district of Bursa Province, Turkey. A total of 86 soil samples collected from the study area were subjected to optical scanning in the laboratory with a portable, fiber-type Vis-NIR spectrophotometer (AgroSpec, tec5 Technology for Spectroscopy, Germany). Before the partial least square regression (PLSR) analysis, the entire reflectance spectra were randomly split into calibration (80%) and validation (20%) sets. A leave-one-out cross-validation PLSR analysis was carried out using the calibration set with Unscrambler (R) software, whereas the model prediction ability was tested using the validation (prediction) set. Models developed were used to predict sand and clay content using on-line collected spectra from the field. Results showed an "excellent" laboratory prediction performance for both sand (R-2 = 0.81, RMSEP = 3.84% and RPD = 2.32 in cross-validation; R-2 = 0.90, RMSEP = 2.91% and RPD = 2.99 in the prediction set) and clay (R-2 = 0.86, RMSEP = 3.4% and RPD = 2.66 in cross validation; R-2 = 0.92, RMSEP = 2.67% and RPD = 3.14 in the prediction set). Modelling of silt did not result in any meaningful correlations. Less accurate on-line predictions were recorded compared to the laboratory results, although the on-line predictions were very good (RPD = 2.24-2.31). On-line predicted maps showed reasonable spatial similarity to corresponding laboratory measured maps. This study proved that soil sand and clay content can be successfully measured and mapped using Vis-NIR spectroscopy under both laboratory and on-line scanning conditions.