Browsing by Author "Karaca, Merve"

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Hendek ilçesi süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinde buzağılarda yaşama gücü ile ilgili yönetsel uygulamalar
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2020-02-21) Karaca, Merve; Koyuncu, Mehmet; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Zooteknik Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0002-5492-209X; 0000-0003-0379-7492
Süt sığırı yetiştiriciliğinde önemli bir yer oluşturan buzağı refahı kavramı, temel olarak daha kaliteli ve uygun bakım, besleme, barındırma koşullarının sağlanması anlamına gelmektedir. İşletmelerin geleceği olarak görülen buzağılar için sağlanacak doğru refah uygulamaları çiftliklerin daha sağlıklı ve ekonomik bir üretim sağlamalarının yanında sürdürülebilirlik hedefine ulaşılabilme noktasında önemli fırsat sunmaktadır. Bu araştırma Sakarya ili Hendek ilçesi süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinde buzağılarda yaşama gücü ile ilişkili yönetsel uygulamalar konusunda bilgi, fikir ve davranışları belirlemek, mevcut işletmelerin durumunu analiz etmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada Türkvet ve e-ıslah sistemi veri tabanına kayıtlı Hendek ilçesindeki 10 baş ve üzeri süt sığır varlığına sahip işletmeler belirlenmiştir. Örnek büyüklüğünün belirlenmesinde tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Hendek ilçesinde 593 işletmeden seçilecek örnek büyüklüğü 160 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Belirlenen işletmeler 10-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50 ve 50 baş üzeri sığır varlığına sahip olan işletmeler olmak üzere 5 tabakaya ayrılmıştır. Yetiştiriciler gönüllülük esasına dayalı 5 ana başlık altında 51 sorudan oluşan anket çalışmasına dahil edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda işletme ile ilgili genel veriler alındıktan sonra buzağıların bakım ve yönetimine yönelik olarak kolostrum kullanımı, besleme uygulamaları, sağlık koruma ve barındırma gibi temel konu başlıklarına yönelik sorular değerlendirilmiştir. İşletme büyüklüklerine göre yeni doğmuş buzağılarda farklı bakım ve yönetim uygulamalarının takip edildiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Yeni doğan yavru için hayati öneme sahip kolostrum tüketimi mevcut işletmelerin hassasiyetle üzerinde durduğu konular arasında yer almaktadır. Araştırmada doğumdan sonra ilk kolostrumu alma zamanı 10-20 baş kapasiteli işletmelerde ananın yanında (%60,9), >50 baş kapasiteli işletmelerde ilk 4 saat içinde (%93,7) olarak ifade edilmiştir. Buzağılara ilk beslemede verilen kolostrum miktarı ise 10-20 baş kapasiteye sahip işletmelerde ananın yanında serbest (%58), 40 baş üzeri kapasiteye sahip işletmelerde ise 3 litre (%60) olarak bulunmuştur. İşletme kapasitesi arttıkça kolostrumun öneminin farkındalığı daha çok artmaktadır. Araştırmada işletmelerin ishal vakası %40'ın üzerinde seyretmekte, işletme kapasitesinin büyümesi ile hasta buzağı vakalarında fazla bir değişikliğin olmadığı görülmektedir. Ziyaret edilen 40 baş ve altı işletmelerde buzağılar %60'tan fazla oranda gruplar halinde, 40 baş ve üzeri işletmelerde ise %60 oranında içerde veya dışarıda bulunan bireysel bölmelerde barındırılmaktadır. Bu yönüyle özellikle barındırma ve buzağı refahı açısından büyük kapasiteli işletmelerin öne çıktığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Genel olarak umut verici uygulamalar söz konusu olsa da buzağılarda yaşama gücünü artırma konusunda yönetimsel yetersizlikler olduğu ve bu durumun buzağı refahını olumsuz yönde etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Improvement of survivalin newborn offspring
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-05-08) Koyuncu, Mehmet; Duymaz, Yağmur; Karaca, Merve; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü.
A significant portion of the world protein requirement is met by ruminants (sheep, goat, cattle). This is to increase the number of offspringraised by decreasing losses with the number of newborn per root as well as raising the intended yield of the animal breeder.Neonatal mortality in ruminants has remained stubbornly unchanging since long years, and represents a significant loss of farm income and affects animal welfare.However, deaths that occurred shortly before birth and within the first postpartum period are defined as prenatal period deaths. Deaths observed in this period are at the highest level. Post-natal period deaths are deaths inthe circuit from the weaning to the prenatal period. Environmental factors are more efficient in deaths in this period. In lambs, kids, calfmost deaths occur in the neonatal period. Causes include starvation, injuries, infectious conditions and difficultbirth,among others. Following birth, offspringareexposed to bacteria and pathogens that its immune system is unfamiliar with. Lamb and kid survival rate are the most important traits influencing income theherd. Therefore, a great deal of effort shouldbe put toward the care of pregnant and newbornsbefore, during, and after birth.Postnatal longevity is very important in the determination of the adaptation of newborns to the environmental conditions and the profitability of the enterprises.The newborns are essentialwithout immune protection as maternal antibodies are not transported across the placenta. An important strategy for newborn receives adequate colostrum during the first two to three hours of life.Colostrum, is rich with the antibodies thatprovide protection,from diseases in early life until the calf's own immune system becomes functional.Mortality is now considered the most crucial indicator of welfare level; it was an important indicator of management quality. The first 7 days of life can be to a new-born animal. The neonatal mortality seen in the first few months constitutes 84% of the total mortality rate.Priorities in newborns management; minimize stress at birth, maximize passive immunity, to meet the nutritional needs and maintain animal health as can be sorted. Because of improving the survival of neonatal lamb,kidsand calvesareessential for the economically and long-term genetic improvement.
Managerial practices related to the survival of calves in dairy cattle breeding farms in Hendek district-I
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-06-14) Karaca, Merve; Koyuncu, Mehmet; KOYUNCU, MEHMET; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü; 0000-0003-0379-7492
This research was conducted out to determine the knowledge, ideas and behaviors related to the managerial practices of calf’s survival in dairy cattle farms in Hendek district of Sakarya province, and to analyze the status of the existing farms. In the research, were identified farms which are registered to Turkvet and e-breeding system database having ten or more dairy cattle in Hendek district. Random sampling method was used to determine the sample size. The identified farms are divided into five class which are 10-20 heads, 21-30 heads, 31-40 heads, 41-50 heads and over 50 heads of cattle. In this context, after obtaining general data about the farms, questions related to the main topics about the care and management of calves such as colostrum use, feeding practices, health protection and housing were evaluated. In feeding management, farms with a capacity of 40 heads and less prefer grazing and supplementary feeding, while farms with a capacity of 40 heads and above prefer to feed in barns (P<0.05). While 74% of all farms have an annual average milk yield of less than 5000 liters, 26% yield more than 5000 liters (P<0.05). 15.6% of the farms produce less than five calves, 33.8% 6-10 calves, 28% 11-20 calves, and 22.5% have 20 or more calves (P<0.05). In 70.5% of the farms, calf losses occur within the first 30 days, followed by a decrease in deaths in the following weeks. While the answer to the question of separating the calves from their mothers after birth comes to the forefront in small-scale farms, the approach to separate them immediately or within the first 12 hours becomes prominent as the farm capacity increases (P<0.05). It was determined that approximately 77% of the farms did not have such an approach to determine the quality of the colostrum given to the calves, and it was determined that quality assessments were made as the farm capacity increased (P<0.05).
Managerial practices related to the survival of calves in dairy cattle breeding farms in Hendek district-II
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-06-14) Karaca, Merve; Koyuncu, Mehmet; KOYUNCU, MEHMET; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü; 0000-0003-0379-7492
This research was conducted out to determine the knowledge, ideas and behaviors related to the managerial practices of calf survival in dairy cattle farms in Hendek district of Sakarya province, and to analyze the status of the existing farms. In the research, were identified farms which are registered to Turkvet and e-breeding system database having 10 or more dairy cattle in Hendek district. Random sampling method was used to determine the sample size. The identified farms are divided into 5 groups which are 10-20 heads, 21-30 heads, 31-40 heads, 41-50 heads and over 50 heads of cattle. In this context, after obtaining general data about the farms, questions related to the main topics about the care and management of calves such as colostrum use, feeding practices, health protection and housing were evaluated. Milk-fed to calves, marketed milk, marketed milk + waste milk, and marketed milk + milk replacer are given in three ways. Within the scope of the size of the farms, the difference between the source of the milk consumed during the milk feeding period was found to be significant (P<0.05). Until the first 30 days of age, in farms with a capacity of over 30 heads, approximately 8 liters of milk are given (P<0.05), while in small farms, sucking milk from the mother or giving less milk is preferred. Farms are sensitive about reaching the concentrate and rough feed of the calves, and they generally apply it from the first week. The concentrated feed used in calf feeding is approximately 70% in pellet form. The weaning age of the calves is 90 days in farms with 40 heads and below and after 90 and 120 days in farms over 40 heads (P<0.05). Age criterion taken into consideration at weaning was found to be more important than body weight and feed consumption (P<0.05). While the calves are housed mainly in groups (60%) in small-scale farms, individual pens (70%) stand out among the preferences due to the increase in capacity. Small-scale farms prefer metal, wood, and brick, and large-scale farms mainly plastic and metal materials for calf shelters (P<0.05). Eight weeks or more is preferred for keeping calves in individual pens (P<0.05).
The effect of live weight and body condition score of ewe on growth of lamb at lambing period
(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2018-01-01) Koyuncu, Mehmet; Öziş Altıncekiç, Seniz; Duru, Serdar; Duymaz, Yağmur; Karaca, Merve; KOYUNCU, MEHMET; ÖZİŞ ALTINÇEKİÇ, ŞENİZ; DURU, SERDAR; Duymaz, Yağmur; Karaca, Merve; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Zootekni Bölümü; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Zootekni Ana Bilim Dalı; 0000-0001-9044-8092; 0000-0001-5243-4458; 0000-0002-6396-585X; AAG-8536-2021; AAG-8210-2021; GBK-3941-2022; ETY-7622-2022
This study was carried out to determine the effect of birth and weaning weight of lamb of ewe body condition score (BCS) and ewe birth weight at lambing period on 115 Kivircik ewes at the 3-4 years of age. BCS was assessed 1 day after lambing, based on a scale of 1-5, by palpation of muscling and fat deposits over and around the vertebrae in the loin region. The data set was analyzed using a model that included body condition score, live weight of ewes, as well as other factors that affected productive traits. The results showed that the overall mean ewe BCS at lambing, ewe live weight, birth weight, weaning weight and daily live weight gain (from birth to weaning) were 2.9, 57.1 kg, 4.5 kg, 23.6 kg and 0.249 kg, respectively. As a result of the analyses, the relationship between body condition score and ewe lambing weight, birth weight and daily live weight gain of lamb were found to be 0.440, 0.301, and 0.219, respectively (P< 0.01; P> 0.05). The effect of ewe BCS was only significant (P< 0.01) effect on lamb birth weight. According to the results, BCS at the end of the gestation period should be at least 3.0-3.5 and also this condition should be maintained during the period of gestation in Kivircik ewes.