Browsing by Author "Erdoğan, Hilal"

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Biogas potential in Görükle campus of Uludağ University
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016-10-08) Alibaş, İlknur; Erdoğan, Hilal; Yılmaz, Aslıhan; Alibaş, Kamil; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
In this study, the potential of animal manure of the Application Research Centres of the Faculty of Agriculture and the Ranch of Veterinary Medicine and located within the boundaries of Görükle Campus at Uludağ University, the waste of rapeseed, sunflower, and wheat production of the Agricultural Research and Application Centre at the Agricultural Faculty and food waste of all dining halls, restaurants and cafeterias, particularly the Central Dining Hall, situated on the campus was determined in order to determine the biogas potential of the campus. As the dry matter, based on the organic waste potential, the biogas potential relating of the campus was calculated to be 499962.91 m 3 . It was determined that 17.95% of this potential consisted of animal manure, 46.15% of it consisted of agricultural production waste and 35.90% of it consisted of food waste. It was calculated that the electric energy potential obtained by transforming the biogas potential into electric energy by means of a generator was 980.22 MWh.
Çeltiğin sıcak hava akımı ile kurutulmasında işletim parametrelerinin belirlenmesi
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2015) Erdoğan, Hilal; Işık, Eşref; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı.
Bu çalışmada çeltiğin sıcak hava akımı ile kurutulmasında işletim parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Denemeler, Uludağ Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri birimi tarafından desteklenen ve proje yürütücülüğünü Doç. Dr. Eşref IŞIK' ın yaptığı UAP-Z-2009/15 nolu proje kapsamında imal edilen ve Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü "Kurutma-Soğutma ve Biyolojik Materyal" isimli laboratuvarda bulunan "Sıcak Hava Kurutma Düzeneği'nde yapılmıştır. Denemeler, 1 m/s sabit hava çıkış hızında dört farklı sıcaklık değerinde (50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C ve 80 °C), %24 yaş baz (y.b.) nemden çeltik için güvenli depolama nemi olan %14 nem değerine ininceye kadar kurutma yapılmıştır. Dört farklı sıcaklık değerinde gerçekleştirilen denemelerde kurutma hızı, çimlenme oranı, enerji tüketimi, kurutma özellikleri ve maliyet gibi parametreler belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kurutma süresi, enerji tüketimi ve maliyet açısından en iyi sonuçlar 80 °C sıcaklık uygulaması ile elde edilirken çimlenme hızı ve çimlenme gücü açısından en iyi sonuçlar 50 °C sıcaklık değerindeki uygulama ile elde edilmiştir.
Conspecific and heterospecific pheromones stimulate dispersal of entomopathogenic nematodes during quiescence
(Nature Portfolio, 2020-03-18) Kaplan, Fatma; Gentil, Abigail Perret; Giurintano, Julie; Stevens, Glen; Schiller, Karl C.; Mirti, Amaleah; Sampson, Edith; Torres, Cedric; Sun, Jiayi; Lewis, Edwin E.; Ilan, David Shapiro; Erdoğan, Hilal; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği.; 0000-0002-0387-2600; AAP-5834-2020; 57216199216
Ascaroside pheromones stimulate dispersal, a key nematode behavior to find a new food source. Ascarosides produced by entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) drive infective juvenile (IJ) emergence from consumed cadavers and dispersal in soil. Without ascarosides from host cadavers, Steinernema feltiae (EPN) reduce dispersal substantially. To determine whether other Steinernema spp. exhibit the same behavior, we compared S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae IJs without host cadaver pheromones. Unlike S. feltiae, S. carpocapsae IJs continued to disperse. However, S. carpocapsae IJs exhibited a temperature-dependent quiescent period. The IJ quiescent period increased at ≤20 °C but did not appear at ≥25 °C. Consistent with this, S. carpocapsae IJ quiescence increased from 30 min to 24 h at ≤20 °C over 60 days. The quiescent period was overcome by dispersal pheromone extracts of their own, other Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis spp. Furthermore, S. carpocapsae IJ ambush foraging associated behaviors (tail standing, waving, and jumping) were unaffected by the absence or presence of host cadaver pheromones. For S. feltiae, IJ dispersal declined at all temperatures tested. Understanding the interaction between foraging strategies and pheromone signals will help uncover molecular mechanisms of host seeking, pathogenicity and practical applications to improve the EPN’s efficacy as biocontrol agents.
Detection of cucurbit powdery mildew, sphaerotheca fuliginea (schlech.) thermal imaging in field conditions
(Univ Agronomic Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest - Usamv, 2023-01-01) Erdoğan, Hilal; ERDOĞAN, HİLAL; Bütüner, Alperen Kaan; BÜTÜNER, ALPEREN KAAN; Şahin, Yavuz Selim; ŞAHİN, YAVUZ SELİM; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-0387-2600; AAP-5834-2020; AAH-2823-2021
Plant diseases are one of the leading causes of yield losses in agricultural areas. In the fight against these diseases, chemical control methods are frequently used. However, this method of combat usually begins after the disease has spread throughout the entire field. The most essential thing here is to control the disease before it spreads throughout the entire country. Thermal imaging methods can now be used to accomplish this. Plant diseases stress the plant as a result of infection. The plant's stress causes activities that cause a temperature increase or reduction in the area where the infection has occurred or has begun. Thermal imaging technologies can be used to identify this condition. This work focuses on the potential early detection of Cucurbit powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlech.) Polacci), which causes considerable yield loss in Cucurbitaceae, utilizing thermal imaging technologies. According to the findings, the lowest temperature in infected leaf tissues was 8.2 degrees C, whereas the maximum temperature in plant tissues without infection was 10.2 degrees C. The findings suggest that thermal imaging technology could be used to identify powdery mildew in cucurbits. In this case, early detection will potentially enable the detection of the disease that has started to spread in a certain region and will allow the disease to be potentially controlled with less labor and chemical use.
The effect of batch drying at different temperatures on seed germination, physical, and seedling properties of paddy (Oryza sativa L.)
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017-03-20) Erdoğan, Hilal; Işık, Eşref; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.
The aim of the present study was to determine some physical properties, drying time, energy consumption, the effects of batch drying at different temperatures on seed germination, and seedling characteristics of paddy cultivar Osmancik-97, which is grown extensively in Turkey. Paddy seeds, which were dried at different temperature values (50, 60, 70 and 80 °C), were dried to 14%, with initial moisture content 25% (w.b.). The average length, width, and thickness measurements of rice seeds decreased with the decrease in moisture content. Width, height, thickness decreased by 14- 1.78-1.42%, respectively. Surface area, arithmetic and geometric mean diameters, static friction coefficients on aluminium, stainless steel, galvanized iron, and rubber reduced with reducing moisture content. The highest static coefficient of friction for harvesting and storage moisture content was determined on the rubber surface and the lowest surface was determined as aluminium. Drying time, germination percentage, radicle and seedling weights, radicle and seedling lengths of Osmancık-97 paddy seeds dried in 4 different (50, 60, 70, 80 degrees) hot weather conditions were determined. Drying times were 691, 593, 495, and 478 minutes, respectively, with germination percentages of 96.0, 90.0, 87.3, and 68.7. The radicle and seedling weights of paddy seeds were found as 1.19-1.69, 1.09-1.65, 1.05-1.48, and 0.69-0.95 g respectively, and the radicle and seedling lengths were found as 106.8-81.8, 98.6-81.6, 92.8-78.7, and 75.7-70.9 mm respectively. Besides, we found that the dry seedling weight of paddy was 0.18, 0.17, 0.16, and 0.09 g at air of 50, 60, 70, and 80 °C, respectively. In the current study, the drying at 80 °C was reduced seed viability and seedling vigour but found to be the least energy consumption; consequently, the drying at 50 °C was determined to be the highest for energy consumption.
The effect of different dripper properties on entomopathogenic nematode application in drip irrigation
(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2019-09-09) Ulu, Tufan Can; Erdoğan, Hilal; Kuşçu, Hayrettin; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-0387-2600; AAP-5834-2020; AAH-4682-2021; 57216199216
There are many types of drippers with different flow path length, flow path shape and filtration surface. EPN delivery performance of the most commonly used four different types of drippers (in-line short path, in-line long path, in-line cylindrical and on-line button) was examined with a drip irrigation system in laboratory conditions. Under four different pressures (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 bar), EPNs were applied to 1-liter beakers with irrigation system and discharged nematodes were counted under a stereomicroscope. The effect of pressure on application and EPN mortality were also determined. The results showed that there were significant differences between the discharge ratio of EPNs from drippers. Among the four drippers, on-line button dripper sustained the highest and fastest discharge ratio. Pressure alone had no significant effect on delivering EPNs. However, it should be considered that long pressure exposure may harm EPNs. Regarding our results, different irrigation drippers have significantly different effects on EPN discharge ratio. Therefore, optimizing drip irrigation systems for EPN applications may increase their performance.
Entomopathogenic nematode dispensing robot: Nemabot
(Elsevier, 2021-02-14) Erdoğan, Hilal; Ünal, Halil; Lewis, Edwin E.; ERDOĞAN, HİLAL; ÜNAL, HALİL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0002-0387-2600; AAP-5834-2020; IHS-3745-2023
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are obligate endoparasites of many insect species and they are important biocontrol agents. Application strategies that improve precision and reduce labor would increase their potential in many cropping systems. We developed a unique robotic system to apply EPNs to a surface area precisely. The robotic system picks up EPNs from a suspension in a reservoir with a peristaltic pump and transfers them to an exact point with an exact amount. Four suspensions were prepared with four concentrations of EPNs; 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g of commercial EPN product per 2 L of water. All suspensions were applied in three different amounts of water (25, 50 and 100 mL per application). In total, 12 different applications were conducted with the robot. Conical falcon centrifuge tubes were used to collect applied EPNs. Five samples (10 ?l) were taken from collected 25, 50 and 100 mL EPN suspensions and the average nematode number in the samples were scaled to the whole suspension. Results of the experiments showed that all robot applications, except 25 mL?0.1 g dose, were not significantly different from those of the control treatment, application with a pipette.. Thus, the robotic system has been found to make consistent applications.
Entomopatojen nematod ürünlerinin uygulanması için bir robotik sistem tasarımı ve optimizasyonu
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-06-27) Erdoğan, Hilal; Ünal, Halil; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0002-0387-2600
Dünya nüfusunun artışına bağlı olarak gıda ihtiyacını karşılamak ve sürdürülebilir tarımın gereği, en iyi kalitede ürünü en uygun maliyetle üretmek için hassas tarım uygulamaları günden güne artmaktadır. Hassas tarımın gereği, doğru girdiyi, doğru miktarda, doğru yere, doğru zamanda ve doğru şekilde uygulamak için robotik sistemler tarımsal faaliyetlerin her aşamasında kullanılmaktadır. Robotik sistemler ile birim alandan maksimum ürün elde edilirken, çevreye zarar en aza indirilmek istenmektedir. İhtiyaca göre pestisit uygulamaları ön plandadır, böylelikle arazinin her yeri değil gerekli yerler ilaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kimyasal mücadeleye alternatif olan biyolojik mücadele ajanı olan entomopatojen nematodların hassas uygulanmasına yönelik bir robotik sistem tasarlanmıştır. Robotik sistemin tüm sac kısımları 2 mm alüminyum, plastik kısımları 20 mm delrin malzemeden imaldir. Tüm bağlantı elemanları sökülebilirdir bu sayede kolaylıkla taşınabilir. CNC kontrol kartına yüklenen G-kodlar sayesinde step motorlara hareket verilmektedir. Mekanik, hidrolik ve pnömatik gibi geleneksel karıştırma sistemlerine karşın yeni bir çalkalama metodu olan salıncak yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Peristaltik pompa ile dozajlama sağlanmıştır. Step motorların peristaltik pompa ile uyumu, Arduino kullanılarak her noktaya aynı ya da her noktaya farklı dozajlama imkânı sağlayan yazılım sayesinde optimize edilmiştir. Robotik sistem ile iki farklı entomopatojen nematod türünün (Steinernema feltiae ve Heterorhabditis bacteriophora), farklı dozlar (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g ve 60 000, 120 000, 240 000 adet) ve hacimler (25, 50, 100 ve 5, 15, 45 ml) ile denemeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemeler sonucu bazı kombinasyonların arasında istatistiksel olarak farklılık olmasına rağmen ticari doz değeri olan cm2’ye 50 adet nematod uygulamasından dolayı robotik sistemin hassas uygulama yaptığını söylemek mümkündür.
Group joining behaviours in the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema glaseri
(Elsevier, 2023-03-28) Stevens, Glen; Erdoğan, Hilal; Pimentel, Eleanor; Dotson, Jenna; Stevens, Asa; Shapiro-Ilan, David; Kaplan, Fatma; Schliekelman, Paul; Lewis, Edwin; ERDOĞAN, HİLAL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü; AAP-5834-2020
Aggregations of foraging animals are key aspects of their ecology, driving spatial patterns, resource access, and successful resource exploitation. Entomopathogenic/insect parasitic nematodes demonstrate aggregated population structures. However, there are gaps in our understanding of how different behaviours affect aggregation. To understand joining behaviour as a mechanism of aggregation, we examined the group movement and joining behaviour of the EPN species, Steinernema glaseri, in conspecific (S. glaseri) and heterospecific (S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae) assemblages. We assessed group movement of S. glaseri using a glass olfactometer where nematodes were added to the central hub and allowed to disperse into six arms towards cues at the ends. We measured movement in the absence of external cues, when host cues were present but uniform, and in response to both con- and heterospecific entomopathogenic nematodes. S. glaseri dispersed in a highly aggregated fashion both in the presence and absence of host cues. When conspecific nematodes were present in the olfactometer ends, S. glaseri readily moved towards and joined conspecific groups, particularly if those conspecifics had experienced host contact 48 h previously. When heterospecific nematodes were present in the ends, S. glaseri only appeared to preferentially join groups of S. feltiae with prior host contact. S. glaseri exhibited no propensity to join groups of S. carpocapsae regardless of prior host contact. Findings demonstrate context-dependent joining behaviours that may underlie aggregation in EPNs. These behaviours may lead to more effective mass attack and regulate interspecific competition among these insect parasites.
Nematodes follow a leader
(Frontiers Media Sa, 2021-11-04) Erdoğan, Hilal; Cruzado-Gutierrez, Karin; Stevens, Glen; Shapiro-Ilan, David; Kaplan, Fatma; Alborn, Hans; Lewis, Edwin; ERDOĞAN, HİLAL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.; AAP-5834-2020
Aggregated movement and population structure are known in entomopathogenic nematodes, which are obligate insect parasites. Aggregation behavior in the absence of external stimuli suggests communication among individuals, often in the form of trail-following, which has not been shown by nematodes of any kind. Interactions among individuals are an essential basis of following behaviors and can have significant fitness consequences. We explored intraspecific and interspecific interactions among three Steinernema species (S. glaseri, S. carpocapsae, and S. feltiae) in terms of trail following, and fitness outcomes of following heterospecific individuals. We found that the following behavior is context dependent. Following behavior among conspecifics was significantly increased when the lead nematode had prior contact with host cuticle. However, we did not find a clear association between the following response to heterospecific IJs and their reproductive success in a co-infected host.
Physical and classification characteristics of soybean (Glycine max CV.) varieties
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-10-19) Gürcan, İsmail Safa; Erdoğan, Hilal; Halil, Ünal; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-0387-2600; 0000-0001-5830-2050
In this study, physical and classification characteristics of 10 different soybean grains (Glycine max cv. A-3127, Ataem-7, Dery, Galina, Rubin, S-1, Umut-2002, Vojvodjanka, Yemsoy and Yeşilsoy) in storage moisture content were examined. These physical characteristics such as: average length, weight, thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, volume, weight of thousand grains, bulk and true densities, porosity, terminal velocity, rupture force and coefficient of static friction. Results showed that ‘Umut-2002’ variety had highest length (8.07 mm), width (7.00 mm) and heavy (205.2 mg) than the other varieties, while ‘Yeşilsoy’ variety had the highest thickness (5.80 mm) and the roundest (91.4%). The grain variety with the highest bulk density was identified as ‘Dery’. True density and porosity values were observed to be the highest grain variety ‘Ataem-7’. ‘Dery’ variety which is the highest terminal velocity and rupture force value among other varieties. The ‘Rubin’ variety has been found to have the highest static coefficient of friction on all surfaces among all other varieties. Used dendrogram from single linkage nearest neighbour agglomerative cluster analysis which groups ten soybean varieties. Four different clusters of soybean varieties were obtained. The ‘Ataem-7’ variety can be regarded as a separate species from the others.
Potential for early detection of powdery mildew in okra under field conditions using thermal imaging
(Univ Agronomic Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest - Usamv, 2023-01-01) ŞAHİN, YAVUZ SELİM; BÜTÜNER, ALPEREN KAAN; Bütüner, Alperen Kaan; Erdoğan, Hilal; ERDOĞAN, HİLAL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-0387-2600; AAP-5834-2020; AAH-2823-2021
In recent years, apprehensions surrounding the pervasive employment of chemical control methods in global agricultural production have intensified, primarily due to their detrimental effects on non-target organisms. This situation accentuates the importance of technology-driven alternatives for managing plant diseases in agriculture. One such technological innovation, thermal imaging technology, has emerged as a promising tool for the early detection of plant diseases. Infections often induce stress in plants, leading to either elevated or reduced temperatures at the point of infection. It is postulated that thermal imaging may effectively identify such temperature deviations in plant tissues afflicted by disease during the initial stages. The study investigated temperature differences in leaves infected by Erysiphe cichoracearum, with disparities up to 1.6 degrees C. Over three weeks, the surface temperatures of numerous leaves were analysed at 30-minute intervals. In three weeks period, it was shown that infected leaf surfaces had significantly lower average daily temperatures than ambient and healthy leaf temperatures. Furthermore, healthy leaf temperatures remained consistently lower than ambient temperatures throughout the study.
Sıvı gübre dağıtma makinasının farklı çalışma hızlarındaki işletme özelliklerinin belirlenmesi
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017-03-09) Ünal, Halil; Erdoğan, Hilal; Gürcan, Sinem; Satıoğlu, Seda; Özgür, Feridan; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.
Sürdürülebilir tarımın temel ilkelerinden biri doğal bitki besin maddeleri kullanımına ağırlık verilmesidir. Bu da genellikle hayvan gübresi ile sağlanmaktadır. Azot bakımında zengin olan sıvı hayvan gübresi, ülkemizde maalesef yararlanılmadan hendek ve akarsulara bırakılmaktadır. Sıvı hayvan gübresinin depolanmasına ilişkin bilgi eksikliği ve yasal mevzuatların yetersizliği, hayvan çiftliklerinin yakınındaki arazilere aşırı gübre uygulamasına ve çevrenin yoğun bir şekilde kirletilmesine sebep olmaktadır. Yer altı ve yüzey sularının kirliliği, başta çiftlikler olmak üzere tüm yakın bölgelerdeki insan ve hayvan sağlığını tehdit etmektedir. Bundan dolayı, hayvancılık işletmelerinin uygun sıvı gübre depolarına sahip olmaları önemlidir. Depolarda bekletilen sıvı gübre, sıvı dağıtıcı tanklarla tarım arazilerine toprağın ve bitkinin ihtiyacı doğrultusunda verilebilmelidir. Bu amaçla, son yıllarda katı gübre dağıtma römorkları ve sıvı gübre dağıtma tankları imalatı ve ithalatında büyük artışlar olmuştur. Bu çalışmada traktörle çekilir tip 8000 L kapasiteli arkadan çarpma plakalı dağıtımlı yerli üretim bir sıvı gübre dağıtma makinası kullanılmıştır. Yapılan tarla çalışmalarında makinanın üç farklı ilerleme hızındaki (3, 6 ve 9 km/h) çalışma zamanları, efektif iş başarıları, gübreleme debileri, gübreleme kapasiteleri (ton/ha ve ton/h), patinaj oranları gibi parametreler belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, makinanın 6 km/h ilerleme hızında efektif çalışma zamanı, efektif iş başarısı, birim alandaki gübreleme kapasitesi ve birim zamandaki gübreleme kapasitesi sırasıyla 0.19 h/ha, 5.26 ha/h, 17.5 ton/ha ve 126.0 ton/h bulunmuştur.