Yumurta tavuğu, damızlık ve broiler işletmelerinde İnfeksiyöz Bronşitis'in teşhisi ve hastalığın prevalansı
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Date
1991
Authors
Şen, Ayşin
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, İnfeksiyöz bronşitis virusuna karşı olu şan antikorlar Hemaglutinasyon İnhibisyon ve Agar Jel Presipitasyon testleri ile saptanmış ve hastalığın klinik tablosu ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Yumurta verim düşüklüğü, yumurta kalitesi bozuklukları ve yumurta kabuk renginde açılmalar işletmelerde hastalığın göstergesi olarak dikkate alınmıştır. 4 ayrı işletmeden alınan çeşitli organ örnekleri kullanılarak tracheal ring kültür testleri yapılmış ve siliostasis oluşumu incelenmiştir. Ayrıca İB virusuna karşı aşı uygulanan 2 ticari yumurtacı ve 1 broiler işletmede kazanılan bağışıklık durumu incelenmiştir. Serolojik olarak 45 işletme incelenmiştir. Bu işletmeler den 27' sinde (25 ticari yumurtacı, 1 broiler ve 1 broiler damızlık) infeksiyonu gösteren düzeylerde Hİ titreleri saptanmıştır. Bu işletmelerde yumurta verimi yaklaşık % 60 olarak belirlenmiştir. Yumurta verim düşüklüğü yanısıra yumuşak kabuklu ve pürüzlü kabuklu yumurtalarda gözlenmiştir. Bu yumurtaların albumin tabakasının ince ve sulu kıvamda olduğu dikkati çekmiştir. Hastalığın tipik solunum yolu semptomları gözlenmemiştir. Bu çalışmada, mikrotitrasyon yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Hİ testleri İnfeksiyöz bronşitis virüsünün M 41, D 274 ve D 3128 suşları ile yapılmıştır. Bu suşlarla inokule edilen embriyolu yumurtaların amnioallantoik sıvıları antijen olarak kullanılmıştır. Değişik işletmelerden alınan toplam 7 64 adet kan serum örneği Hİ testi ile incelenmiştir. Test edilen - 1 -764 kan serumu örneğinden 428 'inin Hİ testi ile pozitif olduğu saptanmıştır -Bu örneklerin Hİ titreleri 2 log 4.6 ile 2 log 8.2 arasında bulunmuştur. Hİ testleri ile pozitif reaksiyon veren 428 adet kan serum örneği kullanılarak AGP testleri ile yapılmıştır. 42 8 adet kan serum örneğinden sadece 57' si AGP testinde pozitif reaksiyon vermiştir. Bu sonuçlar gözönüne alındığında, AGP testinin İnfeksiyöz bronşitis ' in teşhisinde Hİ testi kadar duyarlı olmadığı kanısına varılmıştır. M 41 antijeni ile pozitif Hİ sonucu alınan S farklı işletmeden sağlanan kan se rum örnekleri D 274 ve D 3128 antijenleri ile de incelenmiştir. Bu antijenler ile elde edilen sonuçlar M 41 antijeni ile elde edilen sonuçlarla büyük benzerlik göstermiştir. Şüpheli tavuklardan alınan çeşitli organlarda İnfeksiyöz bronşitis virüsünün varlığını ortaya koymak için trac heal ring kültür testi uygulanmıştır. İnokulasyonda yumurta kanalı, dalak, böbrek ve karaciğerden hazırlanan örnekler kullanılmıştır.Sadece yumurta kanalı örnekleri siliostasis oluşturmuştur. Siliostasis, inokulasyondan 24 saat sonra baş lamıştır. 2 ticari yumurtacı ve 1 broiler işletmede aşılama programlarını takiben Hİ antikor düzeyleri incelenmiştir. 3 canlı ve 1 inaktif aşı uygulanan ticari yumurtacı işletmedeki Hİ titreleri, sadece 2 canlı aşı uygulanan ticari yumurtacı iş letmedeki Hİ titrelerinden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Broilerlerde tek canlı aşı uygulaması yeterli Hİ titresi sağlamış ve kesim sırasında bu işletmedeki ortalama Hİ titresi 2 log 6.6 olarak saptanmıştır.
In this study, antibodies against Infectious bronchitis virus were determined by the IB hemagglutination inhibition and agar gel precipitation tests and correlated with the clinical picture. Reduction of egg production, loss of egg quality and loss of egg colour were used as the indication of disease in flocks.Tracheal ring culture tests were car ried out using various organ samples taken from four sepa rate flocks and ciliostasis was observed. In addition the status of acquired immunity was investigated in two of the commercial laying flocks and one broiler flock vaccinated against IBV. Serological monitoring was carried out in 45 flocks. Of these flocks 27 (25 commercial layers, one commercial broiler and one broiler breeder) showed HI titers high enough to in dicate an infection. Egg production in these flocks was ap proximately 60 %.In addition to reduced egg production, soft shelled and rough shelled eggs were also observed. The albumen of these eggs was thin and watery. No characteristic respira tory signs of disease were observed Microtitration method was used in this study. M 41, D 274 and D 3128 strains of Infectious bronchitis virus were used in HI tests. Amnioallantoic fluid of embryonated eggs inocu lated with these strains was used as antigen. Total 764 blood - 3 -serum samples taken from different flocks were used in hema- glutination inhibition test.Positive reaction with high enough HI titers were determined in 428 serum samples out of 764 serum samples tested. HI titers fluctuated between 2 log 4.6 and 2 log 8.2 in these samples. AGP tests were made using 42 8 blood samples giving pos itive reaction in HI tests. Of the 42 8 serum samples only 57 serum gave positive reaction in AGP test. Considering this result, it was concluded that AGP test is not as sensitive as HI test in the diagnosis of Infectious bronchitis. Blood serum samples from 8 different flocks which have positive HI reaction with M 41 antigen were tested again with D 274 and D 3128 antigens. Results obtained with these antigens were very similar to those obtained with M 41 an tigen. Tracheal ring culture test was used to demonstrate the presence of Infectious bronchitis virus in various organs taken from suspected chickens. Samples prepared from fallo pian tube, spleen, kidney and liver were used for inoculation. Only fallopian tube samples caused ciliostasis.Ciliostasis began 24 hours after inoculation and was observed up to 72 hours. Monitoring of the HI antibody levels following vaccina tion programme was made in two commercial layers and one commercial broilers. HI titers in the commercial layers vac cinated with three live and one inactive vaccines were found - 4 -to be higher than the HI titers in the commercial layers vac cinated with two live vaccines only. In broilers, single live vaccine resulted in sufficient HI titers and the average of the titers in this flocks was determined to be 2 log 6.6 at the time of slaughter.
In this study, antibodies against Infectious bronchitis virus were determined by the IB hemagglutination inhibition and agar gel precipitation tests and correlated with the clinical picture. Reduction of egg production, loss of egg quality and loss of egg colour were used as the indication of disease in flocks.Tracheal ring culture tests were car ried out using various organ samples taken from four sepa rate flocks and ciliostasis was observed. In addition the status of acquired immunity was investigated in two of the commercial laying flocks and one broiler flock vaccinated against IBV. Serological monitoring was carried out in 45 flocks. Of these flocks 27 (25 commercial layers, one commercial broiler and one broiler breeder) showed HI titers high enough to in dicate an infection. Egg production in these flocks was ap proximately 60 %.In addition to reduced egg production, soft shelled and rough shelled eggs were also observed. The albumen of these eggs was thin and watery. No characteristic respira tory signs of disease were observed Microtitration method was used in this study. M 41, D 274 and D 3128 strains of Infectious bronchitis virus were used in HI tests. Amnioallantoic fluid of embryonated eggs inocu lated with these strains was used as antigen. Total 764 blood - 3 -serum samples taken from different flocks were used in hema- glutination inhibition test.Positive reaction with high enough HI titers were determined in 428 serum samples out of 764 serum samples tested. HI titers fluctuated between 2 log 4.6 and 2 log 8.2 in these samples. AGP tests were made using 42 8 blood samples giving pos itive reaction in HI tests. Of the 42 8 serum samples only 57 serum gave positive reaction in AGP test. Considering this result, it was concluded that AGP test is not as sensitive as HI test in the diagnosis of Infectious bronchitis. Blood serum samples from 8 different flocks which have positive HI reaction with M 41 antigen were tested again with D 274 and D 3128 antigens. Results obtained with these antigens were very similar to those obtained with M 41 an tigen. Tracheal ring culture test was used to demonstrate the presence of Infectious bronchitis virus in various organs taken from suspected chickens. Samples prepared from fallo pian tube, spleen, kidney and liver were used for inoculation. Only fallopian tube samples caused ciliostasis.Ciliostasis began 24 hours after inoculation and was observed up to 72 hours. Monitoring of the HI antibody levels following vaccina tion programme was made in two commercial layers and one commercial broilers. HI titers in the commercial layers vac cinated with three live and one inactive vaccines were found - 4 -to be higher than the HI titers in the commercial layers vac cinated with two live vaccines only. In broilers, single live vaccine resulted in sufficient HI titers and the average of the titers in this flocks was determined to be 2 log 6.6 at the time of slaughter.
Description
Keywords
Bronşit, Bronchitis, Hemaglütinasyon inhibisyon testleri, Hemagglutination inhibition tests, Mikrobiyoloji, Microbiology, Tavuklar, Chickens
Citation
Şen, A. (1991). Yumurta tavuğu, damızlık ve broiler işletmelerinde İnfeksiyöz Bronşitis'in teşhisi ve hastalığın prevalansı. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü