Bursa'da pazarlanan ballar üzerine kimyasal ve polinolojik araştırmalar
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Date
1994-09-05
Authors
Ünlü, Emine
Journal Title
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada Bursa esnafında satılan 49 bal örneğinin kim yasal ve palinolojik analizleri yapılmıştır. Etiketi üzerindeki yazıdan ve satıcılardan alınan bilgile re göre îç Anadolu Bölgesi olarak belirtilen bal örneklerinin nem oranı %1 6. 0-17, 4, kül oranı %0. 08-0. 38, invert şeker miktarı %68.9~79,8, sakaroz miktarı % 1. 2- 11.0, albuminli maddeler miktarı 1.2-1.5ml, asidite 2.0-2.9ml, HMF 7. 48-70. 65 mg/kg, diastaz aktivitesi sayısı 5.82-13.63 arasında tespit edilmiş tir. îç ve Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi ballarında nem oranı %1 6. 2-1 7. 8, kül oranı %0. 16-0. 41, invert şeker miktarı %68.6~77, sakaroz miktarı %2.6~9.2, albuminli maddeler miktarı 1.0~2.0ml, asidite 1.8-2.8 mi, HMF 0.61-93.31 mg/kg, diastaz aktivitesi sayısı 3.48-16.79 arasında saptanmıştır. Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi 'ne ait ballarda nem oranı %14.4~17.8, kül oranı %0. 01-0. 22, invert şeker miktarı %71. 5-79.0, sakaroz miktarı %1.1~8.8, albuminli maddeler miktarı 0.9-2.4 mi, asidite 1.1-2.4 mi, HMF 3.07-35.71 mg/kg, diastaz aktivitesi sayısı 8.10-22.22 arasında bulunmuş- muştur. Marmara Bölgesi ballarında nem oranı %1 6. 0-1 8. 6, kül oranı %0. 16-0.48, invert şeker miktarı %72.5-74.6, sakaroz miktarı %2.3-7.8, albuminli maddeler miktarı Ü.7-1.8ml, asidite 1.8-3.9ml, HMF 4. 99-75. 77mg/kg, diastaz aktivitesi sayısı 4.61- 18.75 arasında saptanmıştır. Akdeniz Bölgesi ballarında nem oranı %16.6 ve 16.8, kül oranı %0.13 ve 0.20, invert şeker miktarı %7 1. 5 ve 75.9, sakaroz miktarı %4. 1 ve 6.5, albuminli63 maddeler miktarı 1.3 ve 1.8ml, asidite 2.5 ve 2.6 ml, HMF 6.72 ve 38.4 mg/kg, diastaz aktivitesi sayısı 8.33 ve 21.42 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ege Bölgesi ballarında nem oranı %15.4-17.8, kül oranı % 0.13-0.55, invert seker miktarı %64. 0-74.0, sakaroz miktarı %4. 2-1 4. 5, albuminli maddeler miktarı 0.7-1.7 mi, asi dite 2.0-3. imi, HMF '10. 56-87. 77 mg/kg, diastaz aktivitesi sayı sı 4.56-16.66 arasında bulunmuştur. Yöresi belli olmayan ballarda ise nem oranı %1 6. 0-20. 2, kul oranı %0. 10-0. 58, invert şeker miktarı %64.7~76.5, sakaroz miktarı %1.6-9.8, albuminli maddeler miktarı 0.6-1.7 mi, asidite 1.3-2.9ml, HMF 1.72- 84.28 mg/kg, diastaz aktivitesi sayısı 3.56-23.07 arasında saptanmış tır. Ayrıca incelenen tüm balların hiç birinde nişasta dekstrini tespit edilmemiştir. örnek ballarımız kimyasal analizleri bakımından değerlen dirildiğinde, bölgesel ortalama değerler kaliteli görülmekle beraber, örneklerimiz tek tek değerlendirildiğinde 49 bal örneğimizden 26 'sının(%53 ) bir, İki veya üç kriter yönünden kalitesiz olduğu görülmektedir. İç Anadolu Bölgesi olarak belirtilen bal örneklerinin palinolojik incelenmesi sonucunda Castanea sativa. Onobrychis sp. Helianthus annuus polenleri saptanmıştır. İç ve Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi 'ne ait ballarda Castanea sativa Helianthus annuus Onobyrchis sp. Astragalus sp. ve Chenopodiaceae familyasına ait polenler bulunmuştur. Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi'ne ait ballarda Rubus sp. Brassica şp., Salix. Sp. Castanea.sativa.,. Achilleasp., Lotus sp. ve Umbelliferae, Euphorbiaceae, Labiatae, Rubiaceae familyalarına ait polenler tespit edilmiştir. Marmara Bölgesi 'ne ait ballarda... Castanea sativa, Helianthus annuus, Onobrychis sp. Lotus sp. ve Ericaceae familyasına ait polenler saptanmıştır. Akdeniz Bölgesi 'ne ait ballarda Onjobrychis sp. ve Umbelliferae familyasına ait polenler saptanmıştır. Ege Bölgesi ballarında Castanea. sativa.,.. Helianthus annyus Achillea sp. Centaurea sp. ve Chenopodiaceae ile Umbelliferae familyalarına ait polenlere rastlanmıştır. Yöresi belli olmayan gruptaki ballarda ise.Helianthus annus,... Castanea sativa. Centaurea sp.Achillea., sp. Onobrychis sp., Citrus sp. ve Ericaceae, Labiatae Cruciferae, Umbelliferae, familyalarına ait polenler tespit edilmiştir. Bal örneklerimiz polen yönünden değerlendirildiğinde Marmara Bölgesi olarak belirtilen balların bu bölgeye ait olduğu diğer bölge ballarının değişik yörelere ait ballarla karıştırılmış olduğunu saptadık. Çeşitli iklim koşulları ve zengin florasından dolayı, kaliteli ballar üretilebilen ülkemizde bal kalitesini düşürücü davranışlardan uzak durulmalıdır.
In this research, 49 honey samples sold by Bursa tradesman are analysed chemically and palynologically. According to the knowledges we get from the sellers and the labels, we understand that the moisture ratio at the Middle Anatolia honey samples is between 16.0-17.4%, ash 0.08-0.38%, învert sugar content 68.9-79.8%, sucrose content 1.2-11%, albu min containing materials 1.2-1. 5ml, Acidity 2.0-2.9 ml, HMF 7. 48-70. 65mg/kg and the diastase activity number is found bet ween 5.82-13.63. Again at the samples we got from Middle and Eastern Anatolia we see that moisture ratio is 16.2-17.8%, ash 0.16-0.41%, invert sugar content 68.6-77%, sucrose content 2.6-92%, albumin containing materials 1.0-2. 0ml, acidity ).8~ 2.8ml, HMF 0. 6 1 -93. 3 1 mg/kg and diastase activity number is found as 3.48-16.79. At the honey samples came from East Anato lia moisture ratio is 14.4-17.8%, ash 0.01-0.22%, invert sugar content 71.5-79.0%, sucrose content 1.1-8.8%, albumin contain ing materials 0.9-2. 4ml, acidity 1.1-2.4 ml, HMF 3.07- 35.71 mg/kg, diastase activity number is found between 8.10-22.22. At the honey samples of Marmara Region moisture ratio is 16.0- 18.6%, ash 0.16-0.48%, invert sugar content 72.5-74.6%, sucrose content 2.3-7.8%, albumin containing materials 0.7-1.8 ml, aci dity 1.8-3. 9ml, HMF 4.99-75.77 mg/kg, diastase activity number is found between 4.61-18.75. At the Mediterranean region whenwe examine the honey samples, moisture ratio is 16.6% and 16.8%, ash 0.13% and 0.20%, invert sugar content 71.5% and 75.9%, sucrose content 4.1% and 6.5%, albumin containing mate rials 1.3ml and 1.8ml, acidity 2.5ml and 2.6ml, HMF 6.72mg/kg and 38.4mg/kg, diastase activity number is found between 8.33- 21.42. At the honey samples came from Eagen Region, moisture ratio is 15.4-17.8%, ash 0.13-0.55%, invert sugar content 64.0- 74.0%, sucrose content 4.2-14.5%, albumin containing materials 0.7-1. 7ml, acidity 2.0-3. 1ml, HMF 1 0. 56-87. 77mg/kg, diastase activity number is found between 4. 56-16. 66. The honey samples which we don't know where they came from, we see that moisture ratio is 16.0-20.2%, ash 0.10-0.58%, invert sugar content 64.7- 76.5%, sucrose content 1.6-9.8%, albumin containing materials 0.6-1. 7ml, acidity 1.3-2. 9ml, HMF 1.72-84.28 mg/kg, diastase activity number is 3.56-23.07. Also we couldn't find any starch dextrin at all the honey samples. When we examine our honey samples with chemical analysis, regional ratio is seen as gualified. But when we examine them one by one we see that there are 49 honey samples and 26 of them are (53%) lack of quality in one, two or three ways of criters. At the result of Middle Anatolia's honey samples palino- logical research. Castanea sativa, Helianthus annuus, Onobrychis sp., are found. Middle and East Anatolia samples contain Casta nea sativa, Helianthus annuus, Onobrychis sp., Astragalus sp. and pollens belong to Chenopodiaceae family. East Anatolia'shoney samples contain Rubus sp., Brasşioa sp., Salix sp., Castanea sativa, Achillea sp.. Lotus sp. and Umbel 1 if erae, Euphorbiaceae, Labiatae, Rubiaceae families pollens. Marmara Re gion honey samples contain Castanea sativa, Helianthus annuus, Onobrychis sp., Lotus sp." and also Ericaceae family's pollens are observed at these samples. As for Mediterranean Region samples, there is Onobrychis sp. and pollens from Umbelliferae family. Eagen Region samples contain Castanea şativa, Heliant hus annuus, Achillea sp,, Centaur ea sp. and pollens which are belong to Chenopodiaceae and Umbelliferae families. At the Unknow region honey samples we observed Heljanthuş annuus, Castanea, sativa, Centaurea sp., Achillea sp, Onobrychis §.&_,_, Citrus sp. and pollens which are belong to Cruciferae, Erica ceae, Umbelliferae, Labiatae families. When we examined our honey samples, Marmara Region honey samples pollens are more pure than other region. Other region honey samples are mixed. Honeys of good quality can be produced in our country by the aid of different climatic condition and rich flora and attitudes which can be decrase the quality of honey must be avoided.
In this research, 49 honey samples sold by Bursa tradesman are analysed chemically and palynologically. According to the knowledges we get from the sellers and the labels, we understand that the moisture ratio at the Middle Anatolia honey samples is between 16.0-17.4%, ash 0.08-0.38%, învert sugar content 68.9-79.8%, sucrose content 1.2-11%, albu min containing materials 1.2-1. 5ml, Acidity 2.0-2.9 ml, HMF 7. 48-70. 65mg/kg and the diastase activity number is found bet ween 5.82-13.63. Again at the samples we got from Middle and Eastern Anatolia we see that moisture ratio is 16.2-17.8%, ash 0.16-0.41%, invert sugar content 68.6-77%, sucrose content 2.6-92%, albumin containing materials 1.0-2. 0ml, acidity ).8~ 2.8ml, HMF 0. 6 1 -93. 3 1 mg/kg and diastase activity number is found as 3.48-16.79. At the honey samples came from East Anato lia moisture ratio is 14.4-17.8%, ash 0.01-0.22%, invert sugar content 71.5-79.0%, sucrose content 1.1-8.8%, albumin contain ing materials 0.9-2. 4ml, acidity 1.1-2.4 ml, HMF 3.07- 35.71 mg/kg, diastase activity number is found between 8.10-22.22. At the honey samples of Marmara Region moisture ratio is 16.0- 18.6%, ash 0.16-0.48%, invert sugar content 72.5-74.6%, sucrose content 2.3-7.8%, albumin containing materials 0.7-1.8 ml, aci dity 1.8-3. 9ml, HMF 4.99-75.77 mg/kg, diastase activity number is found between 4.61-18.75. At the Mediterranean region whenwe examine the honey samples, moisture ratio is 16.6% and 16.8%, ash 0.13% and 0.20%, invert sugar content 71.5% and 75.9%, sucrose content 4.1% and 6.5%, albumin containing mate rials 1.3ml and 1.8ml, acidity 2.5ml and 2.6ml, HMF 6.72mg/kg and 38.4mg/kg, diastase activity number is found between 8.33- 21.42. At the honey samples came from Eagen Region, moisture ratio is 15.4-17.8%, ash 0.13-0.55%, invert sugar content 64.0- 74.0%, sucrose content 4.2-14.5%, albumin containing materials 0.7-1. 7ml, acidity 2.0-3. 1ml, HMF 1 0. 56-87. 77mg/kg, diastase activity number is found between 4. 56-16. 66. The honey samples which we don't know where they came from, we see that moisture ratio is 16.0-20.2%, ash 0.10-0.58%, invert sugar content 64.7- 76.5%, sucrose content 1.6-9.8%, albumin containing materials 0.6-1. 7ml, acidity 1.3-2. 9ml, HMF 1.72-84.28 mg/kg, diastase activity number is 3.56-23.07. Also we couldn't find any starch dextrin at all the honey samples. When we examine our honey samples with chemical analysis, regional ratio is seen as gualified. But when we examine them one by one we see that there are 49 honey samples and 26 of them are (53%) lack of quality in one, two or three ways of criters. At the result of Middle Anatolia's honey samples palino- logical research. Castanea sativa, Helianthus annuus, Onobrychis sp., are found. Middle and East Anatolia samples contain Casta nea sativa, Helianthus annuus, Onobrychis sp., Astragalus sp. and pollens belong to Chenopodiaceae family. East Anatolia'shoney samples contain Rubus sp., Brasşioa sp., Salix sp., Castanea sativa, Achillea sp.. Lotus sp. and Umbel 1 if erae, Euphorbiaceae, Labiatae, Rubiaceae families pollens. Marmara Re gion honey samples contain Castanea sativa, Helianthus annuus, Onobrychis sp., Lotus sp." and also Ericaceae family's pollens are observed at these samples. As for Mediterranean Region samples, there is Onobrychis sp. and pollens from Umbelliferae family. Eagen Region samples contain Castanea şativa, Heliant hus annuus, Achillea sp,, Centaur ea sp. and pollens which are belong to Chenopodiaceae and Umbelliferae families. At the Unknow region honey samples we observed Heljanthuş annuus, Castanea, sativa, Centaurea sp., Achillea sp, Onobrychis §.&_,_, Citrus sp. and pollens which are belong to Cruciferae, Erica ceae, Umbelliferae, Labiatae families. When we examined our honey samples, Marmara Region honey samples pollens are more pure than other region. Other region honey samples are mixed. Honeys of good quality can be produced in our country by the aid of different climatic condition and rich flora and attitudes which can be decrase the quality of honey must be avoided.
Description
Keywords
Bal, Bursa, Kimyasal analiz, Palinoloji, Honey, Chemical analysis, Palinology
Citation
Ünlü, E. (1994). Bursa'da pazarlanan ballar üzerine kimyasal ve polinolojik araştırmalar. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.