Farklı fungusit ve mikrobiyal gübrelerin İngiliz çimi ve kamışsı yumak bitkilerinin çim performansları üzerinde etkileri
Loading...
Files
Date
2013
Authors
Sürer, İrfan
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu tez çalışmasında, 'Mikrobiyal Gübre Denemesi-1' , 'Mikrobiyal Gübre Denemesi-2' ve 'Çökerten Hastalığı Denemesi' olmak üzere 3 ayrı araştırma yapılmıştır. Mikrobiyal Gübre Denemesi-1 ve Çökerten Hastalığı Denemesi 2008 ve 2009 yıllarında Uludağ Üniversitesi'nde; Mikrobiyal Gübre Denemesi-2'nin A lokasyonu 2010 yılında Connecticut Üniversitesi'nde (ABD), B lokasyonu ise 2011 ve 2012 yıllarında Uludağ Üniversitesi'nde yürütülmüştür. Mikrobiyal gübre denemelerinin ikisinde de farklı bakteri ırkları ile azotlu ve fosforlu gübreler kullanılmış, bunların çim bitkilerinin gelişimi, renk, kalite, kuru ot verimi, topraktaki bakteri sayısı ve besin elementlerinin alınımına olan etkileri belirlenmiştir. Hastalık denemesinde ise, İngiliz çiminde kimyasal fungisitler, biyolojik fungisitler, bitki aktivatörü ve ekstrakt kullanılmıştır. Uygulanan bu preparatların çim bitkilerinde çökerten hastalığı ile mücadele olanakları araştırılmış ve bitki gelişimi ile çim performanslarına olan etkileri tespit edilmiştir. Yürütülen üç denemenin sonuçları genel olarak özetlenecek olursa; kullanılan mikrobiyal gübrelerin, bitki aktivatörünün ve ekstraktın azotlu gübreler kadar etkili olmadığı; fosforlu gübrelerin de biyolojik gübreler gibi çim bitkilerinin gelişimi ve kalitesine istenilen etkiyi gösteremediği; İngiliz çimi ve Kamışsı yumak arasında çim performansı açısından önemli bir farkın bulunmadığı, ancak Kamışsı yumağın genel anlamda biraz daha fazla kuru ot verimine sahip olduğu; çim bitkilerinde arzu edilen büyüme, verim, kalite ve çim performansı için, bitki türü, toprak yapısı, iklim ve yetiştirme koşulları gibi birçok faktöre göre değişmek kaydıyla, dekara verilecek aylık 5,0-7,5 kg azotun ideal olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca, çökerten hastalığının epidemi yapma olasılığını tahmin edebilmenin ve hastalıkla mücadelenin zor olduğu, çökertenle savaşımda kullanılan kimyasal ve biyolojik fungisitlerin enfeksiyonu düşük oranlarda engellediği ancak yeterli etkiyi gösteremediği, kullanılan preparatların hastalığın kontrolü açısından istikrarsız sonuçlar verdiği kanısına varılmıştır.
In this thesis, three separate studies including `Bio-Fertilizer Experiment-1', 'Bio-Fertilizer Experiment-2' and 'Damping-off Disease Trial' were conducted. Damping-off Disease Trial and Bio-Fertilizer Experiment-1 were carried out at Uludag University in 2008 and 2009 while location A of the Bio-Fertilizer Experiment-2 was set up at the University of Connecticut (USA) in 2010 and the same experiment was repeated in location B at Uludag University in 2011 and 2012. In both Bio-fertilizer trials, different strains of bacteria were used in addition to nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers, and their effect on turfgrass color, development, quality, clipping yield as well as the number of bacteria in the soil and uptake of nutrients were determined. In disease trial, perennial ryegrass was treated with chemical fungicides, biological fungicides, plant activator and extract. The efficacy of the treatments in managing the damping-off disease in turfgrasses was investigated and their effects on the turf growth and performance were determined. The results of the trials can be summarized in general as follows; the bio-fertilizers, plant activator and extract were not found to be as effective as nitrogen fertilizers. Phosphorous fertilizers such as bio-fertilizers did not show the desired effect on the growth and turf quality. There was no significant difference between perennial ryegrass and tall fescue in terms of the turf performance although tall fescue gave higher clipping yields. Based on our results, we recommend monthly applications of 5,0-7,5 kg nitrogen per decare to achieve desirable turfgrass growth, yield, quality and turf performance depending on many factors such as plant species, soil structure, climate and growing conditions. In addition, it was difficult to control and predict the possibility of damping-off disease epidemics, Chemical and biological fungicides, which were applied for control of damping-off disease, prevented turfgrass from infection at only low levels and hence, could not achieve effective disease control. We conclude that tested fungicides may provide, inconsistent results in managing this disease.
In this thesis, three separate studies including `Bio-Fertilizer Experiment-1', 'Bio-Fertilizer Experiment-2' and 'Damping-off Disease Trial' were conducted. Damping-off Disease Trial and Bio-Fertilizer Experiment-1 were carried out at Uludag University in 2008 and 2009 while location A of the Bio-Fertilizer Experiment-2 was set up at the University of Connecticut (USA) in 2010 and the same experiment was repeated in location B at Uludag University in 2011 and 2012. In both Bio-fertilizer trials, different strains of bacteria were used in addition to nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers, and their effect on turfgrass color, development, quality, clipping yield as well as the number of bacteria in the soil and uptake of nutrients were determined. In disease trial, perennial ryegrass was treated with chemical fungicides, biological fungicides, plant activator and extract. The efficacy of the treatments in managing the damping-off disease in turfgrasses was investigated and their effects on the turf growth and performance were determined. The results of the trials can be summarized in general as follows; the bio-fertilizers, plant activator and extract were not found to be as effective as nitrogen fertilizers. Phosphorous fertilizers such as bio-fertilizers did not show the desired effect on the growth and turf quality. There was no significant difference between perennial ryegrass and tall fescue in terms of the turf performance although tall fescue gave higher clipping yields. Based on our results, we recommend monthly applications of 5,0-7,5 kg nitrogen per decare to achieve desirable turfgrass growth, yield, quality and turf performance depending on many factors such as plant species, soil structure, climate and growing conditions. In addition, it was difficult to control and predict the possibility of damping-off disease epidemics, Chemical and biological fungicides, which were applied for control of damping-off disease, prevented turfgrass from infection at only low levels and hence, could not achieve effective disease control. We conclude that tested fungicides may provide, inconsistent results in managing this disease.
Description
Keywords
Çim bitkileri, İngiliz çimi, Kamışsı yumak, Kimyasal gübreler, Mikrobiyal gübreler, Fungisit, Bitki aktivatörü, Verim, Çim performansı, Çökerten hastalığı, Turfgrass, Perennial ryegrass, Tall fescue, Chemical fertilizers, Bio-fertilizers, Fungicide, Plant activator, Yield, Turf performance, Damping-off diseas
Citation
Sürer, İ. (2013). Farklı fungusit ve mikrobiyal gübrelerin İngiliz çimi ve kamışsı yumak bitkilerinin çim performansları üzerinde etkileri. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.