Küreselleşme ve Avrupa Birliğinin ilişkilerinin Türkiye gıda sanayi işletmeleri üzerine etkileri
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Date
2003
Authors
Acar, Barış
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Günümüzde yaşanan dünya ticaret hacmindeki gelişmeler, uluslararası sermaye hareketlerindeki artış, bilgi teknolojisi ve iletişim olanaklarındaki gelişmeler, çok uluslu şirketlerin gün geçtikçe daha fazla büyümesi ve güçlenmesi, küreselleşme olarak tanımlanan süreci ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu sürecin sonucu olarak tüm sektörlerde yeni ürünlere ve yönetim sistemlerine yönelmeler görülmektedir. Gıda endüstrisi de bu değişimden etkilenmekte, özellikle gıda kalitesi ve güvenliği alanında küreselleşmenin getirdiği tüm olanaklardan yararlanılarak üst seviyelerde bir rekabet yaşanmaktadır. Dünya Ticaret Örgütü, yaşanan bu rekabetten ulusal ve uluslararası gıda ticaretinin olumsuz yönde etkilenmemesi için ilgili anlaşmaları hazırlamıştır. Uruguay Round Çok Taraflı Ticaret Görüşmeleri sonucunda kabul edilen anlaşmaların, 1995 yılında uygulamaya geçmesiyle birlikte gıda sektörünün küresel ekonomiye entegrasyonu hızlanmış ve çok taraflı ticaret sisteminde gıda ticaretine uygulanacak kurallar hükme bağlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada küreselleşmenin farklı tanımları, yaklaşımları ve getirdiği yenilikler incelenmiş, Türk gıda sanayiine etkilerinin neler olabileceği ortaya konup değerlendirilmiştir. Bu etkilenmeler dört ana başlık halinde ele alınmıştır. İlk olarak dünyadaki gıda güvencesi ve güvenliği kavramları üzerinde durularak gıda güvencesinin küreselleşme ile bağlantısı irdelenmiştir. Ardından Türkiye' nin gerek Avrupa Birliği ile olan ilişkileri gerekse Dünya Ticaret Örgütü' ne üye olmasından doğan sorumlulukları dikkate alınarak ilgili anlaşmalara değinilmiş ve Avrupa Birliği gıda yasaları ile Türk gıda mevzuatında yaşanan gelişmelere yer verilmiştir. Üçüncü olarak ise Türk gıda sanayinin yapısı ve yabancı sermayeli gıda şirketleri ile yapılan iş ortaklıkları ve şirket birleşmeleri örnekler ile ele alınmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Etkilenmenin son ayağını ise Toplam Kalite Yönetimi ve gıda güvenliği yönetim sistemleri oluşturmaktadır. Türk gıda şirketlerinin de uluslararası gıda ticaretinde rekabet edebilir duruma gelmeleri HACCP, GMP, ISO 9000, ISO 15161 gibi gıda güvenliği yönetim sistemlerini, toplam kalite yönetimi ile birleştirerek kaliteli ve güvenli gıdayı, verimli ve düşük maliyetli bir şekilde üretmelerine bağlıdır.
Developments today in volume of world trade, the increase in the movements of international capital, advancements in intelligence technology and communication opportunities, growing and getting stronger of multinational companies day by day introduce process defined as globalisation. As a result of this process, orientations towards new products and management systems have been seen in all sectors. Food industry has also been affected from this change, especially in areas of food quality and safety, by getting use of all opportunities provided by globalisation, as a result of competition at high levels has taken place. The World Trade Organisation has prepared the related agreements in order to prevent the negative effects of current competition on both national and international food trade. In 1995, with applying the agreements accepted at the end of the multilateral negotiations, Uruguay Round, the integration of food sector to global economy has speeded up and the rules that will be applied to food trade have been determined in multilateral trade system. In this study, diverse definitions, approaches and innovations of globalisation have been scrutinised, which possible influences it may have on Turkish food industry have been put forth and assessed. These impacts are presented in four main issues. Firstly, by stating on the concepts of food safety and food security in world, the connection of food safety with globalisation have been examined. Then, by taking the responsibilities arisen not only from Turkey's relations with European Union but also its membership to World Trade Organisation into consideration, the related agreements have been mentioned and the developments in food laws of European Union and Turkish laws have been stated. Thirdly, structure of Turkish food industry, business corporations with food companies that have foreign investment and joint ventures have been considered and evaluated. Total quality management and food safety management systems constitutes the forth and the last element. Turkish food companies' reaching a position that can compete in international area is dependent on producing safe and high quality food in an efficient way -with low cost by combining the food safety management systems like HACCP, GMP, ISO 9000, ISO 15161 with total quality management.
Developments today in volume of world trade, the increase in the movements of international capital, advancements in intelligence technology and communication opportunities, growing and getting stronger of multinational companies day by day introduce process defined as globalisation. As a result of this process, orientations towards new products and management systems have been seen in all sectors. Food industry has also been affected from this change, especially in areas of food quality and safety, by getting use of all opportunities provided by globalisation, as a result of competition at high levels has taken place. The World Trade Organisation has prepared the related agreements in order to prevent the negative effects of current competition on both national and international food trade. In 1995, with applying the agreements accepted at the end of the multilateral negotiations, Uruguay Round, the integration of food sector to global economy has speeded up and the rules that will be applied to food trade have been determined in multilateral trade system. In this study, diverse definitions, approaches and innovations of globalisation have been scrutinised, which possible influences it may have on Turkish food industry have been put forth and assessed. These impacts are presented in four main issues. Firstly, by stating on the concepts of food safety and food security in world, the connection of food safety with globalisation have been examined. Then, by taking the responsibilities arisen not only from Turkey's relations with European Union but also its membership to World Trade Organisation into consideration, the related agreements have been mentioned and the developments in food laws of European Union and Turkish laws have been stated. Thirdly, structure of Turkish food industry, business corporations with food companies that have foreign investment and joint ventures have been considered and evaluated. Total quality management and food safety management systems constitutes the forth and the last element. Turkish food companies' reaching a position that can compete in international area is dependent on producing safe and high quality food in an efficient way -with low cost by combining the food safety management systems like HACCP, GMP, ISO 9000, ISO 15161 with total quality management.
Description
Keywords
Küreselleşme, Gıda mevzuatı, Gıda güvenliği, Globalisation, Food law, Food safety
Citation
Acar, B. (2003). Küreselleşme ve Avrupa Birliğinin ilişkilerinin Türkiye gıda sanayi işletmeleri üzerine etkileri. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.