Sosyalist dönemde Bulgaristan'da Türk kimliği
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Date
2011-07-07
Authors
İmamoğlu, Nergis
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bulgaristan Türklerinin sosyalist deneyimden elde ettiği kültürel mirası konu alan bu çalışmanın amacı, bir kimlik değişim modelinin kendine özgü yönlerini açığa çıkarmaktır. Bulgaristan'da komünist iktidar, 1944- 1989 yılları arasında, modern dünyaya hiç de yabancı olmayan toplum mühendisliği projesiyle bir kültür devrimi yaratmaya çalışırken, aynı zamanda Türk azınlık da kendi modernleşme serüveni içine girmiştir. Dolayısıyla, Bulgaristan Halk Cumhuriyeti'nde Türk kimliğine sahip olmanın tüm çelişki ve çıkmazlarıyla birlikte, sosyalist düzenin gündelik hayata yansıyan farklı görünümlerini ortaya koymak da bir o kadar önemlidir.Osmanlı döneminden itibaren devam eden genel sürecin bir parçası olarak düşünülen 45 yıllık komünist rejim, burada tarihsel- antropolojik bir bakış açısıyla, kültürel aidiyet bağlamında tahlil edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Arşiv belgesi, resmi gazete ve edebi eserler gibi dönemin ideolojik söylemini yansıtan kaynaklar, tanıkların sözlü ifadeleriyle karşılaştırılarak, Bulgaristan'daki Türk kimliği geniş bir açıdan değerlendirilmiştir. Böylece sosyalist gelişme modelinin, hem algılanıp yaşanan hem de propaganda edilen yönlerine ışık tutma imkânı doğmuştur.Çalışmanın genel kurgusu, siyasî, toplumsal ve kültürel alanların her birini ayrı birer olgular ve semboller dünyası olarak ele alma fikriyle şekillenmiştir. İlk bölümde, Balkan kimliğinden hareketle, 1944'e kadar devam eden kültürel süreçlere göz atılmış; ardından, komünist rejimin ideolojik, kurumsal ve sembolik yapısı, sosyalist toplumun özellikleri ve kimlik üretim politikaları üzerinde durulmuştur. Konunun düğüm noktasını oluşturan son bölüm, sosyalist modernleşmenin bir azınlık gözüyle ifade ettiği anlamların tahliline ayrılmıştır. Ulaşılan sonuçlar, sosyalist toplumda Türk kimliğinin, geleneksel ile modern, hâkim kültür ile azınlık kültürü, resmi ideoloji ile tarihi miras arasında kendine özgü, dinamik bir değişim sürecine girdiğini ortaya koymaktadır.
The subject of this study is the cultural heritage of Bulgarian Turks from the socialist experience and it aims to uncover the peculiarities of this identity transformation model in Bulgaria. While the Bulgarian communist authority struggled to create a cultural revolution with the very familiar the community engineering concept between 1944 1989, meanwhile the Turkish minority was also in a modernism adventure, as a consequence. Hence, it is important to reflect different perspectives of the socialist life as well as the difficulties of belonging to a Turkish identity in the Peoples Republic of Bulgaria.The 45-year communist regime which is thought to be a part of the general continuum originating to the Ottoman era is analyzed in terms of cultural belongings from a historic anthropologic point of view. Turkish identity in Bulgaria is studied comprehensively by comparing the resources such as archive documents, the official gazette, and literature works, which reflects the ideology of that period, to the testimonies of the witnesses. As a result, this study enlightens the socialist development model both as a propagandized one and an actual one which people perceive and experience in real life.The layout of this study is such that political, social and cultural perspectives are handled as distinct phenomena. In the first section, based on the Balkan identity issue, cultural processes that lasted until 1944 are reviewed. Second, the ideological, institutional, and symbolic structure of a communist regime is analyzed in addition to elaborating on the properties and the identity generation policies of a socialist society. Lastly and most critically, the socialist system is analyzed from the perspective of minorities. The results of this study show that the Turkish identity in the socialist system is in a distinctive and dynamic position between modern and traditional culture, major and minor culture, and between formal ideology and inherited ideology.
The subject of this study is the cultural heritage of Bulgarian Turks from the socialist experience and it aims to uncover the peculiarities of this identity transformation model in Bulgaria. While the Bulgarian communist authority struggled to create a cultural revolution with the very familiar the community engineering concept between 1944 1989, meanwhile the Turkish minority was also in a modernism adventure, as a consequence. Hence, it is important to reflect different perspectives of the socialist life as well as the difficulties of belonging to a Turkish identity in the Peoples Republic of Bulgaria.The 45-year communist regime which is thought to be a part of the general continuum originating to the Ottoman era is analyzed in terms of cultural belongings from a historic anthropologic point of view. Turkish identity in Bulgaria is studied comprehensively by comparing the resources such as archive documents, the official gazette, and literature works, which reflects the ideology of that period, to the testimonies of the witnesses. As a result, this study enlightens the socialist development model both as a propagandized one and an actual one which people perceive and experience in real life.The layout of this study is such that political, social and cultural perspectives are handled as distinct phenomena. In the first section, based on the Balkan identity issue, cultural processes that lasted until 1944 are reviewed. Second, the ideological, institutional, and symbolic structure of a communist regime is analyzed in addition to elaborating on the properties and the identity generation policies of a socialist society. Lastly and most critically, the socialist system is analyzed from the perspective of minorities. The results of this study show that the Turkish identity in the socialist system is in a distinctive and dynamic position between modern and traditional culture, major and minor culture, and between formal ideology and inherited ideology.
Description
Keywords
Bulgaristan Türkleri, Sosyalist dönem Türk kimliği, Gelenek, İdeoloji, Zihniyet, Kültür, Bulgarian Turks, Socialist period Turkish identity, Tradition, Ideology, Mentality, Culture
Citation
İmamoğlu, N. (2011). Sosyalist dönemde Bulgaristan'da Türk kimliği. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.