Seleksiyonla elde edilmiş bazı önemli kestane çeşitlerinin yaprak morfolojileri ve stoma dağılımları üzerinde araştırmalar
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Date
1989-08-18
Authors
Şahin, Tülay
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu araştırma 1988 yılında Yalova Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Araştırma Enstitüsü'nde bulunan ve seleksiyon çalışmalarıyla elde edilmiş olan 51209, 51302, 52509, 61316, 51205, 62305, 51301, 51111, 62304, 52112, 63110, 52104, 52214, 51206, 52510, 51101, 62309 No'lu kestane tiplerinin yaprak morfolojilerini ve stoma dağılımlarını saptatmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar aşağıdaki gibi özetlenebilir. Tiplere göre yaprak boyu 16.2-23.8 cm; yaprak eni 5.1-6.7 cm, arasında değişmiş, yaprak boyu bakımından 62304: 16.2 cm, 52112: 23.8 cm, ve yaprak eni bakımından 52104: 5.1 cm, 63110: 6.7 cm ile en düşük ve en yüksek değerleri vermişlerdir. Yaprak en/boy oranı 0.248 ile 0.333 arasında değişmekte; bu oran uzun yapılı yapraklar da düşük, geniş yapılı yapraklarda daha yüksek olmaktadır. Yapraklarda yaprak ayası tabanının şekli hem tipler arasında hem de tip içinde küt ve keskin tabanlı olarak değişmektedir. Diş şekilleri oymalı testere dişli (dentate) ve oymalı ince testere dişli (crenate-serrate) olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. İki diş arası uzunluğu 7.2 mm- 9.8 mm; diş uzunluğu 1.8 mm-5.2 mm; diş genişliği 1.5 mm-3.4 mm; diş genişlik/uzunluk oranı 0.487-0,968 arasında değişmektedir. Diş uzunluğu ile yaprak boyu arasında dikkate değer bir ilişki olup, (r=0.719** ) yaprak boyu arttıkça diş uzunluğu da artmakta; diş genişliği ile yaprak boyu arasında da benzer ancak zayıf bir ilişki bulunmaktadır (r=0.320). Diş uzunluğu ve genişliği ile yaprak eni arasındaki korelasyon katsayıları pozitif ancak önemsiz değerdedir. Diş uzunluğu ile diş genişliği arasındaki korelasyon katsayısı değeri de r=0.437 bulunmuştur. İncelenen çeşitlerde tüyler stellate şeklinde olup, 2-12 kolludur. Yaprakların üst yüzeylerinde tüy bulunmamakta alt yüzeylerin deki tüy yoğunlukları ise tiplere göre farklılık göstermektedir. Örneğin, 52510 Nolu tipin yapraklarının damarları seyrek, damar araları orta sıklıkta tüyle kaplı olup, diğer tiplerde tüylülük orta ile çok sık arasında bir yoğunluk göstermiştir. İncelenen tiplerde yaprağın üst yüzünde stoma görülmemiş, alt yüzünde ise mm 'deki stoma sayıları kuzey yönünde 409- 556; güney yönünde 407-558 arasında değişmiştir. Birim alandaki en çok stoma sayıları; 62304 No' lu tipin kuzey yönünde 556 adet/mm², güney yönünde 548 adet/mm², 51301 No'lu tipin kuzey yönünde 536 adet/mm², güney yönünde 558 adet/mm²; 52112 No'lu tipin kuzey yönünde 532 adet/mm², güney yönünde ise 511 adet/mm² olarak saptanmıştır. En az stoma sayıları ise; 51206 No' lu tipin kuzey yönünde 409 adet/mm², güney yönünde 407 adet/mm²; 62305 No' lu tipin kuzey yönünde 420 adet/mm², güney yönünde 407 adet/mm² olarak bulunmuştur. Bir iki istisna hariç tutulursa stoma sayıları kuzey yönlerde biraz daha fazla olmuştur. Tiplerin ortalama stoma boy ve en ölçülerinde önemli farklılıklar tesbit edilmiş, aynı çeşitin farklı yönleri arasında önemli fark bulunmamıştır. Stomaların boy değerleri 62309 No' lu tipte 21.8 µm, 63110 No' lu tipte 26.1 µm; stoma en değerleri 62309 No'lu tipte 18.1µm, 51205 No'lu tipte 21.0 µm olup, diğerlerine ait değerler bu ölçüler arasında değişmektedir. Genel olarak stoma büyüklükleri en az stoma sayısına sahip kestane tiplerinde artarken, en fazla stoma sayısına sahip tiplerde azalmış, ancak bu ilişkiler önemli bulunmamıştır. Nitekim stomaların sayısal değeri ile boyları arasındaki korelasyon katsayısı kuzey yön için r= -0.221, güney yön için r= -0.435 bulunmuş; stomaların sayısal değeri ile enleri arasındaki korelasyon katsayıları ise çok düşük pozitif değer vermişlerdir (Kuzey yön için r=0.058; güney yön için r=0.048). Öte yandan stomaların sayısal değerleri ile yaprakların en ve boyları arasında (en için r=-0.250 ve boy için r= -0.168); stoma boyu ile yaprak eni (r=0.180), stoma eni ile yaprak eni (r=0.062), stoma boyu ile yaprak boyu (r=0.118), stoma eni ile yaprak boyu (r=0.158) arasında önemli bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. Ancak stomaların en ve boyları arasındaki ilişki önemli bulunmuştur (r=0.758**). Üzerinde çalışılan kestane tiplerinin tümünde stoma hücrelerinin fasulye veya böbrek şeklinde (amaryllis tip) olduğu görülmüştür. Tüm tiplerde stomalar yaprak epidermisi üzerinde genellikle merkezdeki bir stoma hücresinden çevreye doğru halka şeklinde bir dağılım göstermektedir. Tiplerin hepsi Anomocytic veya Ranunculaceae (düzensiz hücreli) stoma tipine sahiptir. Yani arkadaş hücreleri bulunmayıp stomalar diğer epiderma hücrelerinden ayrılmayan hücrelerle çevrilmiş durumdadırlar.
This research was carried out to determine the leaf morphology and stomata frequency of the chesnut type numbers of 51209, 51302, 52509, 61316, 51205, 62305, 51301, 51111, 62304, 52112, 63110, 52104, 52214, 51206, 52510, 51101, 62309 which were selected before and grown in Yalova Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute in 1988. The results of this research can be summarized as follows: Leaf lengths varied from 16.2 to 23.8 cm and leaf widths varied from 5.1 to 6.7 cm according to the cultivars. The types which have given the least and highest value of the length were 62304: 16.2 cm, 52112: 23.8 cm, and of the width 52104: 5.1 cm, 63110: 6.7 cm. The width/length ratios were varied from 0.248 to 0.333. This ratio low in the long leaves and wau much more higher in the wide leaves. The forms of the leaf blade bases were also found to be different among the types and within the type as obtuse and/or sharp. The fora of the teeth were classified as the crenate-serrate and dentate. The distances between the two teeth varied from 7.2 mm to 9.8 mmj teeth length from 1.8 mm to 5.2 mmj teeth width from 1.5 mm to 3.4 mmj and the teeth1 s width/length ratios were between 0.487 and 0.968. There was an important positive correlation between the teeth length and leaf length (r=0.719**), while leaf length in creased, tooth length also increased. Similar but a weak correlation was also found between leaf length and tooth width (r=0.320). The correlation coefficients between teeth length, width and leaf width were also positive but not significant. The correlation coefficient between teeth length and teeth width was r=0.437. Hairs were stellate type and had 2-12 barnches. There were not hairs on the upper surface of the leaves, however hair frequency of the lower surface of the leases varied according to the types. For instance; hair density of the veins of the type number of 52510 was sparse and the area between the veins was covered with middle dense hairs. Hair density of the other types varied between middle and much more dense. While stomata were not seen on the upper surface of the leaves, the numbers of stomata per unit area (mm² ) on the lower surface of the leaves were ranged from 409 to 556 in the north sidej and from 407 to 558 in the south side of the trees in the types investi- gated. The highest numbers of stomata per unit area (mm² ) were detsr- mined as follows; for the type number of 62304, 556 in the north side, 548 in the south side; for the type number of 51301, 536 in the north side, 558 in the south side, for the type number of 52112, 532 in the north side, 511 in the south side. On the other hand the least number of stomata per unit area were determined for the type number of 51206, 409 in the north side, 407 in the south side. The numbers of stomata were more slightly higher in the north side with some exceptions. Important differences were determined in the mean size (length and width) of the stomata of the types, however differences wore not significant in the different side of the types. The average stomata length of the type number of 62309 was 21.8 µm, for the type number of 63110 was 26.1 µm. The average stomata width, for the type numbers of 62309 was 18.1 µm, for the type number of 51205 was 21.0 µm. The sizes of the other types varied between the two values. In general, stomata size increased in the chestnut types having least number of stomata, and decreased in the types having highest of stomata, but these correlations were not found to be significant. As a matter of fact, the correlation coefficients between the number of stomata and stomata length were r= -0.221 for the north side and r= -0.435 for the south sidej however the correlation coefficients between the number of stomata and stomata width were found to be very small (for the north side r=0.058; for the south side r=0.048). On the other hand the correlation coefficients between the number of stomata and the width and the length of the leaves (for the width r= -0.250 and for the length r= -0.168); between the stomata length and leaf width (r=0.118), stomata width and loaf width (r=0.062), stomata length and leaf length (r=0.118), stomata width and leaf length (r=0.158) were not significant. However correlation coefficient between stoma length and width was significant (r=0.758**). In all of the chestnut types studied, the shape of gvard cells were the same as bean or kidney (Amaryllis) type. In all of the types the stomata were dispersed in a circular shape with a stoma at the centre on the leaf epidirma. All of the cultivars have Anomycytic stomata or Ranunculaceae (irregular celled) type. No subsidiary cells were present and the stomata were surrounded by the cells which were not different from the other epidermal cells.
This research was carried out to determine the leaf morphology and stomata frequency of the chesnut type numbers of 51209, 51302, 52509, 61316, 51205, 62305, 51301, 51111, 62304, 52112, 63110, 52104, 52214, 51206, 52510, 51101, 62309 which were selected before and grown in Yalova Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute in 1988. The results of this research can be summarized as follows: Leaf lengths varied from 16.2 to 23.8 cm and leaf widths varied from 5.1 to 6.7 cm according to the cultivars. The types which have given the least and highest value of the length were 62304: 16.2 cm, 52112: 23.8 cm, and of the width 52104: 5.1 cm, 63110: 6.7 cm. The width/length ratios were varied from 0.248 to 0.333. This ratio low in the long leaves and wau much more higher in the wide leaves. The forms of the leaf blade bases were also found to be different among the types and within the type as obtuse and/or sharp. The fora of the teeth were classified as the crenate-serrate and dentate. The distances between the two teeth varied from 7.2 mm to 9.8 mmj teeth length from 1.8 mm to 5.2 mmj teeth width from 1.5 mm to 3.4 mmj and the teeth1 s width/length ratios were between 0.487 and 0.968. There was an important positive correlation between the teeth length and leaf length (r=0.719**), while leaf length in creased, tooth length also increased. Similar but a weak correlation was also found between leaf length and tooth width (r=0.320). The correlation coefficients between teeth length, width and leaf width were also positive but not significant. The correlation coefficient between teeth length and teeth width was r=0.437. Hairs were stellate type and had 2-12 barnches. There were not hairs on the upper surface of the leaves, however hair frequency of the lower surface of the leases varied according to the types. For instance; hair density of the veins of the type number of 52510 was sparse and the area between the veins was covered with middle dense hairs. Hair density of the other types varied between middle and much more dense. While stomata were not seen on the upper surface of the leaves, the numbers of stomata per unit area (mm² ) on the lower surface of the leaves were ranged from 409 to 556 in the north sidej and from 407 to 558 in the south side of the trees in the types investi- gated. The highest numbers of stomata per unit area (mm² ) were detsr- mined as follows; for the type number of 62304, 556 in the north side, 548 in the south side; for the type number of 51301, 536 in the north side, 558 in the south side, for the type number of 52112, 532 in the north side, 511 in the south side. On the other hand the least number of stomata per unit area were determined for the type number of 51206, 409 in the north side, 407 in the south side. The numbers of stomata were more slightly higher in the north side with some exceptions. Important differences were determined in the mean size (length and width) of the stomata of the types, however differences wore not significant in the different side of the types. The average stomata length of the type number of 62309 was 21.8 µm, for the type number of 63110 was 26.1 µm. The average stomata width, for the type numbers of 62309 was 18.1 µm, for the type number of 51205 was 21.0 µm. The sizes of the other types varied between the two values. In general, stomata size increased in the chestnut types having least number of stomata, and decreased in the types having highest of stomata, but these correlations were not found to be significant. As a matter of fact, the correlation coefficients between the number of stomata and stomata length were r= -0.221 for the north side and r= -0.435 for the south sidej however the correlation coefficients between the number of stomata and stomata width were found to be very small (for the north side r=0.058; for the south side r=0.048). On the other hand the correlation coefficients between the number of stomata and the width and the length of the leaves (for the width r= -0.250 and for the length r= -0.168); between the stomata length and leaf width (r=0.118), stomata width and loaf width (r=0.062), stomata length and leaf length (r=0.118), stomata width and leaf length (r=0.158) were not significant. However correlation coefficient between stoma length and width was significant (r=0.758**). In all of the chestnut types studied, the shape of gvard cells were the same as bean or kidney (Amaryllis) type. In all of the types the stomata were dispersed in a circular shape with a stoma at the centre on the leaf epidirma. All of the cultivars have Anomycytic stomata or Ranunculaceae (irregular celled) type. No subsidiary cells were present and the stomata were surrounded by the cells which were not different from the other epidermal cells.
Description
Keywords
Kestane, Chestnut
Citation
Şahin, T. (1989). Seleksiyonla elde edilmiş bazı önemli kestane çeşitlerinin yaprak morfolojileri ve stoma dağılımları üzerinde araştırmalar. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.