Türkiye'deki tarım işletmelerinin yapısal gelişimi
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Date
1997-08-18
Authors
Duman, Sertaç
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Arazi kullanımı, işletme büyüklüğü ve işletmelerin dağılımı; tarım açısından oldukça önemli konulardır. Ülkemiz tarım işletmelerindeki durum 1927 tarım sayınımdan, 1991 yılındaki Genel Tarım Sayımı sonuçlarına kadar incelendiğinde, işletmelerimizde sayısal olarak büyük bir artış görülmektedir. Bu artışın tek nedeni yeni tarım arazilerinin kullanıma açılması olmayıp, tarım arazilerimiz üzerindeki nüfus baskısı ve veraset kaidelerimiz daha önemli faktörlerdir. Türkiye'de 1991 yılı genel taran sayımı sonucuna göre toplam tarım işletmesi sayımız yaklaşık 4 milyondur. Bu 4 milyon işletmenin %67'sini 50 dekardan küçük işletmeler oluşturmaktadır. 500 dekardan küçük işletmelerimizin toplam işletmelerimiz içindeki oram ise %99'dur. Tarım işletmelerimiz küçük olmalarının yanısıra parçalı olma özelliğine de sahiptir. îşletmelerimizin çoğu 3 parselden fazla parçadan oluşmaktadır. 1991 tarım sayımına göre bir parselin ortalama genişliği 10.85 dekardır. Tarım işletmelerimizin büyüklükleri arttıkça, parsel sayılan da artmaktadır. 1950 yıkıdan günümüze tarım işletmelerimizin ortalama genişlikleri de düşmektedir. 1950 yılında 76.9 dekar olan ortalama işletme genişliği, 1991 yıkıda 56.9 dekara düşmüştür. Gelişmiş ülkelerin pek çoğunda ortalama işletme genişliği 100 dekarın üzerindedir ve bu değer yıldan yıla artmaktadır, örneğin Avrupa Birliğinde 1960 yıkıda 120 dekar olan ortalama işletme genişliği 1990 yıkıda 179 da'a yükselmiştir.
Land use, farm size and farm size distribution are important issues in Agriculture. The number of the farms in Turkey has shown a great increase from 1927 which was the first agricultural census to 1991. The main reason of this increase was not only taking new land under cultivation, and also increasing population pressure on the agricultural land and inheritance law which were more important factors. According to the results of 1991 General Agricultural Census, the number of the farms in Turkey was approximately 4 millions. The number of the agricultural farms has been accumulated in the less than 50 decars farm size group, with the share of 67%. The ratio of farms which were less than 500 decars was 99%. In addition to being small in size, the farms have not unity and have been scattered. Most of farms have more than three parcels. The average size of one parcel was found as 10.85 decars in the 1991 Census. While the size of farms has been increased, the number of parcels has also increased. While average farm size was 76.9 decars in 1950 General Agricultural Census, it has been found 56.9 decars in 1991 Census. In the most of the developed countries, average farm size per farm was larger than 100 decars and this shows an increase every year. For example the European Union, while average farm size was 120 decar in 1960, it has been increased to 179 decars in 1990.
Land use, farm size and farm size distribution are important issues in Agriculture. The number of the farms in Turkey has shown a great increase from 1927 which was the first agricultural census to 1991. The main reason of this increase was not only taking new land under cultivation, and also increasing population pressure on the agricultural land and inheritance law which were more important factors. According to the results of 1991 General Agricultural Census, the number of the farms in Turkey was approximately 4 millions. The number of the agricultural farms has been accumulated in the less than 50 decars farm size group, with the share of 67%. The ratio of farms which were less than 500 decars was 99%. In addition to being small in size, the farms have not unity and have been scattered. Most of farms have more than three parcels. The average size of one parcel was found as 10.85 decars in the 1991 Census. While the size of farms has been increased, the number of parcels has also increased. While average farm size was 76.9 decars in 1950 General Agricultural Census, it has been found 56.9 decars in 1991 Census. In the most of the developed countries, average farm size per farm was larger than 100 decars and this shows an increase every year. For example the European Union, while average farm size was 120 decar in 1960, it has been increased to 179 decars in 1990.
Description
Keywords
Tarım alanları, Tarım işletmeleri, Agricultural lands, Agricultural enterprises
Citation
Duman, S. (1997). Türkiye'deki tarım işletmelerinin yapısal gelişimi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.