Étude des attitudes des protagonistes à l'égard des thèmes de liberté et de soumissiondans le théâtre Sartrien
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Date
2014-12-29
Authors
Kanık, Mahmut
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Genellikle Jean-Paul Sartre, 20.YüzyılFransızedebiyatınınsembolüolarak kabul edilir, özellikle angaje edebiyat konusunda. Bu yüzden, Sartre'ın bütün eserleri20.yüzyılda söz konusu edilen ve hatta günümüzde de hâlâ tartışılan insanın varoluşuyla ilgili sorunlara dayanmaktadır. Sartre hakkında yazılan eleştirel eserlerin çoğu, onun dramatik eserleri üzerinde değil, daha ziyade onun kuramsal eserleri ve romanları üzerinde yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu tezde, biz onun dramatik eserleri üzerinde yoğunlaşmayı tasarladık. Nitekim, tiyatro, drama, Sartre için, özellikle ateist varoluşçuluğun dayandığı onun felsefi ve politik fikirlerinin bir nevi laboratuvarına benzetilebilir. Sartre'ın tiyatrosunun özellikle bir ideoloji tiyatrosu olduğunu tespit etmek pek zor değildir; Sartre'ın tiyatrosu, onun teorik eserlerinde ve romanlarında ortaya konan başlıca temaların tiyatro diliyle tanımlanması ve açıklanması gibi bir anlam ve nitelik taşımaktadır. Bu tezde, biz Sartre'ın piyeslerini ana temalara göre ele almaya çalıştık. Başkahramanların bu ana temalar karşısındaki tutumlarını göstermeye gayret ettik. Descartes'den günümüze kadar modern insanın içinde bulunduğu durumlardır bunlar. Dolayısıyla, biz karşılaştırmalara imkân verecek tarzda ele alarak Sartre'ın fikirlerini eleştirmede tereddüt etmedik.Bu tezde takip ettiğimiz plana gelince, belli başlı önemli noktaları şöyle sıralayabiliriz: Giriş bölümünde, Sartre'ın eserlerini ve tiyatrosunu oluşturduğu döneme genel bir bakış yapmaya çalıştık. Sonra, birinci bölümde, üç ana başlık altında varoluşçuluk, çağdaş Fransız tiyatrosu ve Sartre'ın felsefesi ve tiyatrosu konularını ele aldık. Daha sonra, ikinci bölümde, ana temaları ve bu temalar karşısında kahramanların tutumlarını ortaya koymak için Sartre'ın piyeslerini inceledik. Bu incelemeyi, Sartre'ın özellikle seçtiğimiz üç tiyatro eseri üzerinden yürüttük. Bu üç eser: Gizli Oturum, Sinekler ve Kirli Eller adlı tiyatro eserleridir, çünkü bu üç eser tezimizin konusunu daha iyi yansıtmaktadır.Daha sonra, üçüncü bölümde Sartre'ın tiyatrosundaki temel temaların kaynaklarını araştırdık. Bunları mitoloji, din ve siyaset ana başlıkları içinde ele alıp sunduk. Nihayet, sonuç bölümünde, konunun hem felsefi hem de edebi boyutta bir değerlendirmesini yaptık.
Generally speaking, Jean-Paul Sartre is considered to be the symbol of 20th Century French literature particularly as regards to the committed literature. All his works are based on the problems of human existence which were in question all through the 20th Century and still remain so even in our days. We note that most of the critical works on Sartre are on his theoretical and romantic works; not much has been done on his dramatic works. In this thesis, we intended to concentrate on his dramatic works. Moreover, drama, for Sartre, can be likened to a 'laboratory' for the experimentation of his philosophical and political ideas based mainly on atheist existentialism. We observed that Sartre's theatre was chiefly represented by what was called the 'Theatre of Ideas' which has the advantage of illustrating and representing and description and explanation of the major themes already raised in his theoretical and romantic works.In this thesis, we have tried to locate the parts in relation to essential issues. We also cited the attitudes of the protagonists, which are the situations in which modern man is since Descartes. Hence, we did not hesitate to criticize Sartre's ideas without other purpose than to allow comparisons and to inform about expressions that resulted from them. As for the plan followed in this thesis, here are the highlights: in the introduction we tried to make a first look at the overview of the period in which Sartre illustrated his theater; and we overviewed Sartre's work. Then comes the first part, where three chapters are devoted to existentialism and contemporary French theater and Sartre's philosophy and theater. Later comes the second part in which three chapters are devoted to pieces that we have chosen to explore the essential themes and attitudes of the protagonists. We relied primarily on three theatrical works of Sartre, namely, No Exit, Flies and Dirty hands because these three pieces represent much more the purpose of our study.Finally comes the third part where we studied the sources of the essential themes in Sartre's theatre and also consists of three chapters. They are mythology, religion and politics. All in all, the conclusion was made to clarify the issue in both philosophical and literary dimensions.
Generally speaking, Jean-Paul Sartre is considered to be the symbol of 20th Century French literature particularly as regards to the committed literature. All his works are based on the problems of human existence which were in question all through the 20th Century and still remain so even in our days. We note that most of the critical works on Sartre are on his theoretical and romantic works; not much has been done on his dramatic works. In this thesis, we intended to concentrate on his dramatic works. Moreover, drama, for Sartre, can be likened to a 'laboratory' for the experimentation of his philosophical and political ideas based mainly on atheist existentialism. We observed that Sartre's theatre was chiefly represented by what was called the 'Theatre of Ideas' which has the advantage of illustrating and representing and description and explanation of the major themes already raised in his theoretical and romantic works.In this thesis, we have tried to locate the parts in relation to essential issues. We also cited the attitudes of the protagonists, which are the situations in which modern man is since Descartes. Hence, we did not hesitate to criticize Sartre's ideas without other purpose than to allow comparisons and to inform about expressions that resulted from them. As for the plan followed in this thesis, here are the highlights: in the introduction we tried to make a first look at the overview of the period in which Sartre illustrated his theater; and we overviewed Sartre's work. Then comes the first part, where three chapters are devoted to existentialism and contemporary French theater and Sartre's philosophy and theater. Later comes the second part in which three chapters are devoted to pieces that we have chosen to explore the essential themes and attitudes of the protagonists. We relied primarily on three theatrical works of Sartre, namely, No Exit, Flies and Dirty hands because these three pieces represent much more the purpose of our study.Finally comes the third part where we studied the sources of the essential themes in Sartre's theatre and also consists of three chapters. They are mythology, religion and politics. All in all, the conclusion was made to clarify the issue in both philosophical and literary dimensions.
Description
Keywords
Boyun eğme, Özgürlük, Seçim, Sorumluluk, Varoluşçuluk, Choice, Existentialism, Freedom, Responsibility, Submission
Citation
Kanık, M. (2014). Étude des attitudes des protagonistes à l'égard des thèmes de liberté et de soumissiondans le théâtre Sartrien. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.