Patlıcan (Solanum melongena L.)'da Verticillium dahliae kleb.'e dayanıklı hatların geliştirilmesi
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Date
2006-11-13
Authors
Başay, Sevinç
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu araştırma, 2004 - 2006 yılları arasında Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Sebzecilik Bölümü’ne ait Uygulama Seraları, Bitki Koruma Bölümü’ne ait Uygulama Seraları ve Doku Kültürü Laboratuarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, ülkemiz için önemli bir yere sahip olan patlıcanda verim ve kalite düşüklüğüne yol açan Verticillium dahliae Kleb.’in neden olduğu Verticillium solgunluğuna daha az duyarlı hatların geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Denemede kültür çeşitleri olarak, “K-1”, “K-2”, “K-3”, “K-4”, “K-5”, “K-6”, “K-7” ve “K-8” kullanılmıştır. Yabani türler; S. torvum, S. sodemeum, dayanıklı kültür formları; “DK-1”, “DK-2”, “DK-3” ve “DK-4” ve ve “DK-6” çeşitleri ve “DK-5” hattı kullanılmıştır. Bu materyallerin patojenisite testinde; Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü tarafından PCR’da V. dahliae olduğu tespit edilmiş olan izolat kullanılmıştır. Öncelikle elde bulunan tüm genitörler bu izolat ile 2004 ve 2005 yıllarında klasik olarak testlenmiştir. İki yılın sonuçları birbiri ile paralellik göstermektedir, iki yılda da en düşük hastalık oranını “DK-5” hattında saptanmıştır. Klasik testleme sonucu V. dahliae hassas olan “K-1” çeşidi ile tolerant olarak belirlenen “DK-5” hattı melezlenerek F1 ve F1 kendilenerek F2 elde edilmiştir. 2006 yılında patojenisite testinde “K-1” çeşidi ve “DK-5” hattı ile F1 ve F2 bitkileri testlenmiştir. Patojenisite testi sonucunda “K-1” çeşidi ve “DK-5” hattının hastalık şiddeti diğer yıllar ile paralellik gösterir iken, “F1” bitkilerinin yapraklardaki sararma ve solgunluk değerleri, gövde izolasyonu ve reizolasyon sonuçları “F2” bitkileri sonuçlarından daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Yapraklarındaki sararmadan yola çıkarak 0-5 skalası kullanılarak yapılan değerlendirmede “F1” bitkilerinde hastalık şiddeti % 38 iken, “F2” de 200 bitkinin % 55’inde hastalık şiddeti %2 ila % 6 arasında değişir iken, % 45’inde ise %36 ila % 44 arasında değişmiştir. Çalışmamızın haploid kısmında; yaz döneminde yetiştirilen bitkilerden temin edilen tomurcuklarla yapılan anter kültüründe başarının çok daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Anter kültürü uygulanan çeşitler ve hattın içersinde en iyi cevabı % 14.2 oranında embriyo oluşumu ve %5.3 oranında da bitki oluşumu ile “25” çeşidi vermiştir. Anter kültüründen haploid bitkiler elde edildikten sonra bitkileri dihaploid hale getirmek amacıyla kolhisin dozu (%0.5 ve %1) ve 2 farklı uygulama süresi (1 saat, 2 saat) uygulanmıştır. Uygulamalar içersinde en iyi sonucu %0.5 kolhisin + 2 saat veya %1 kolhisin + 1 saat vermiştir. Diploid hale getirilen bitkilerde kromozom sayımı yapılmış, seraya alınmış ve bu bitkilerden 2006 yılında tohum alınmıştır.
This research was carried out in the Applied Greenhouses of Vegetable Growing Section and Plant Protection Section and Tissue Culture Laboratory of Yalova-Atatürk Horticultural Research Institute, between the years 2004 and 2006. In this study, it was aimed to develop lines resistant or tolerant to Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Keb. which leads to yield and quality losses in eggplant, which is an important vegetable for our country. Cultivars “K-1, K-2, K-3, K-4, K-5, K-6, K-7 and K-8” were used in the trial. Wild species of S. torvum and S. sodemeum; resistant cultivated forms; “DK-1, DK-2, DK-3, DK-4, and DK-6” cultivars and DK-5 line were also included in the study. The isolate V. dahliae was determined by PCR at Plant Protection Department of Faculty of Agriculture, A. Menderes University was used in the pathogenicity tests of used materials. Firstly, all the plant materials were classically tested with this isolate, in the years 2004 and 2005. Results of the two years were similar to each other, the lowest disease ratio was obtained from DK-5 line in both years. F1 was obtained through hybridisation of cultivar K-1 and line DK-5 which were determined as susceptible and tolerant to V. dahliae, respectively, as the result of classical testing; thereafter, F2 was obtained by selfing F1 Cultivar K-1, line DK-5 and F1 and F2 plants were tested in terms of pathogenicity test in 2006. At the end of the pathogenity test, the disease severity in cultivar K-1 and line DK-5 was similar to the other years, whereas the yellowing and wilting values belonging to the leaves of F1 plants, as well as stem isolation and reisolation results were higher than those of F2 plants. The disease severity in F1 plants was determined as 38%, the severity value ranged from 2 to 6% in 55% of 200 F1 plants and from 36 to 44% in 45% of them, by using 0-5 scale, considering the yellowing area on leaves. The success rate was found much higher in the anther culture established with the buds obtained from the plants grown in the summer period, in the haploidy part of our study. The cultivar “25” gave the best response among the cultivars and lines subjected to anther culture, with embryo and plant formation rates of 14.2 % and 5.3 %, respectively. After obtaining haploid plants via anther culture, colchicine was applied at the concentrations of 0.5% and 1%, for 1 or 2 hours, for dihaploidizing the plants. The best results were obtained from the combinations of 0.5% colchicine + 2 hours and 1% colchicine + 1 hour. Chromosome counts were made in doubled-haploid plants, they were transferred to greenhouse, and seeds were obtained from these plants in the year 2006.
This research was carried out in the Applied Greenhouses of Vegetable Growing Section and Plant Protection Section and Tissue Culture Laboratory of Yalova-Atatürk Horticultural Research Institute, between the years 2004 and 2006. In this study, it was aimed to develop lines resistant or tolerant to Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Keb. which leads to yield and quality losses in eggplant, which is an important vegetable for our country. Cultivars “K-1, K-2, K-3, K-4, K-5, K-6, K-7 and K-8” were used in the trial. Wild species of S. torvum and S. sodemeum; resistant cultivated forms; “DK-1, DK-2, DK-3, DK-4, and DK-6” cultivars and DK-5 line were also included in the study. The isolate V. dahliae was determined by PCR at Plant Protection Department of Faculty of Agriculture, A. Menderes University was used in the pathogenicity tests of used materials. Firstly, all the plant materials were classically tested with this isolate, in the years 2004 and 2005. Results of the two years were similar to each other, the lowest disease ratio was obtained from DK-5 line in both years. F1 was obtained through hybridisation of cultivar K-1 and line DK-5 which were determined as susceptible and tolerant to V. dahliae, respectively, as the result of classical testing; thereafter, F2 was obtained by selfing F1 Cultivar K-1, line DK-5 and F1 and F2 plants were tested in terms of pathogenicity test in 2006. At the end of the pathogenity test, the disease severity in cultivar K-1 and line DK-5 was similar to the other years, whereas the yellowing and wilting values belonging to the leaves of F1 plants, as well as stem isolation and reisolation results were higher than those of F2 plants. The disease severity in F1 plants was determined as 38%, the severity value ranged from 2 to 6% in 55% of 200 F1 plants and from 36 to 44% in 45% of them, by using 0-5 scale, considering the yellowing area on leaves. The success rate was found much higher in the anther culture established with the buds obtained from the plants grown in the summer period, in the haploidy part of our study. The cultivar “25” gave the best response among the cultivars and lines subjected to anther culture, with embryo and plant formation rates of 14.2 % and 5.3 %, respectively. After obtaining haploid plants via anther culture, colchicine was applied at the concentrations of 0.5% and 1%, for 1 or 2 hours, for dihaploidizing the plants. The best results were obtained from the combinations of 0.5% colchicine + 2 hours and 1% colchicine + 1 hour. Chromosome counts were made in doubled-haploid plants, they were transferred to greenhouse, and seeds were obtained from these plants in the year 2006.
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Keywords
Solanum melongena, Verticillium dahliae, Dayanıklılık, Melezleme, Haploidi, Anter kültürü, S.melongena, V.dahliae, Resistance, Hybridisation, Haploidy, Anther culture
Citation
Başay, S. (2006). Patlıcan (Solanum melongena L.)'da Verticillium dahliae kleb.'e dayanıklı hatların geliştirilmesi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.