Esmer ırk sığırlarda başlıca verim özellikleri ve bu özelliklere etki eden çevre faktörleri
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Date
1996
Authors
Balcı, Faruk
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma,Eskişehir- Anadolu Tarım İşletmesi Esmer sığırlarının dölverimi, süt verimi ve büyüme özelliklerinin düzeylerini belirlemek ve bu verim özelliklerine çevre faktörlerinin etkilerini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma süresince (1992-1995) gebelik, doğum, ölü doğum ve yavru atma oranlan sırasıyla % 90.06, 97.25, 3.22 ve 2.76 saptanmıştır.Esmer düvelerin ilk tohumlama yaşı, ilk tohumlama-gebelik aralığı, servis sayısı ve ilk buzağılama yaşı ortalamaları sırasıyla 555.90 gün, 50.58 gün, 2.19 ve 878.42 gün belirlenmiştir.İneklerde doğum sonrası ilk tohumlama aralığı, ilk tohumlama-gebelik aralığı, servis periyodu, şems sayısı, buzağılama aralığı ve gebelik süresi ortalamaları sırasıyla 55.31 gün, 39.68 gün, 94.40 gün, 2.15, 374.98 gün ve 287.65 gün bulunmuştur. Esmer ineklerin laktasyon süresi, gerçek ve 2 x 305 gün süt verimleri sırasıyla 302.95 gün, 3617.8 kg ve 3491.1 kg; gerçek ve 305 gün süt yağı verimleri sırasıyla 133.02 kg ve 132.32 kg, yağ oranlan % 3.79 saptanmıştır. Buzağılann doğum, 3, 6, 9 ve 12 ay canlı ağırlıkları sırasıyla 41.36 kg, 95.64 kg, 150.15 kg, 218.09 kg ve 279.63 kg; dişilerin 20 aylık yaşta canlı ağırlıkları 322.11 kg, 24 aylık yaştan büyük ineklerin sıfat dönemindeki canlı ağırlıkları 547.2 kg belirlenmiştir. Tohumlama yada buzağılama yılı dölverimi özelliklerinden, düvelerde; ilk tohumlama yaşı, ilk tohumlama - gebelik aralığı, şems sayısı, ineklerde; doğum sonrası ilk tohumlama aralığı, ilk tohumlama - gebelik aralığı, servis periyodu, servis sayısı, buzağılama aralığı ve gebelik süresini etkilemiştir. Mevsimler, düvelerde ilk tohumlama gebelik aralığı ve şems sayısını, ineklerde gebelik süresini etkilemiştir.Buzağılama yaşının etkisi, doğum sonrası ilk tohumlama aralığı, servis periyodu ve gebelik süresinde önemli bulunmuştur(P< 0.05 - P< 0.001).Yıl x mevsim intcraksiyonlarınm etkileri, düvelerde: ilk tohumlama- gebelik aralığı, ser\is sayısı ve ilk buzağılama yaşında, ineklerde: ilk tohumlama gebelik aralığı, servis periyodu ve servis sayısı üzerinde istatistiki önemde saptanmıştır (P< 0.01 - P< 0.00 1). Süt verimi özelliklerinden, laktasyon süresine; buzağılama mevsimi, buzağılama yaşı, servis periyodu ve yaş x servis periyodu intcraksiyonlarınm etkileri, gerçek süt verimine; buzağılama yaşı, servis periyodu ve yıl x mevsim intcraksiyonlarınm etkileri. 2 x 305 gün süt verimine; buzağılama yılı, buzağılama yaşı, servis periyodu ve yıl \ mevsim intcraksiyonlarınm etkileri istatistiki önemde saptanmıştır(P< 0.05 - P<0.001). Gerçek yağ verimine: yağ oranı, süt verimi ve laktasyon sürelerinin etkileri önemli (P< 0.01- P< 0.001), buzağılama yaşı ve mc\.siminin etkileri önemsiz bulunmuştur.
The Main Production Traits of Brown Cattle and the Effects of Environmental Factors Upon Them In this research the reproduction performance, milk yield and growth traits and environmental factor effects these production traits has been studied in the Brown Cattle in Eskişehir Anadolu State Farm conditions. During the research periods (1992-1995), pregnancy, calving, abortion and stillbirhts rates were estimated % 90.06, 97.25, 3.22 and 2.76 respectively. For the Brown heifers, the age at first insemination, interval from first insemination to conception, number of inseminations per conception and age at first calving means were found 555.90 days, 50.58 days, 2. 19 and 878.42 days respectively.For the Brown cows, interval from calving to first insemination, interval from first insemination to conception, days open, number of inseminations per conception, calving interval and gestation length means were determined 55.31 days, 39.68 days, 94.40 days, 2.15, 374.98 days and 287.65 days respectively. For the Brown cows, lactation length, the actual and 2 x 305 day milk yield were determined as 302.95 days, 3617.8 kg and 3491.1 kg respectively, actually and 305 day milk fat yields were 133.02 kg and 132.32 kg respectively, milk fat content was % 3.79. The weights of calves at birth, third, sixth, ninth and twelvth months of age were measure 41.36 kg, 95.64 kg, 150.15 kg, 218.05 kg and 279.63 kg respectively.The average live weights of females at 20 months old were 322. 1 1 kg and older than 24 months during mating periods was 547.2 kg. At heifers, the age at first insemination, interval from first insemination to conception, number of inseminations to per conception; at cows the interval from calving to first insemination, interval from first insemination to conception, days open, number of inseminations per conception, calving intervaland gestation length were affected by mating or calving year.Also, At heifer the interval first insemination to conception and number of inseminations per conception and at cows gestation length were affected by season. It has been found that calving age significantly affect the interval from calving to first insemination, days open, gestation length (P<0.05 - P< 0.001) The effects of year and season interactions; at heifer on interval from first insemination to conception, number of inseminations per conception, and age at first calving, at cows the interval from first insemination to conception, days open and number of inseminations per conception were estimated statistically significant (P< 0.01 - P< 0.001). Lactation length, one of milk production traits, has been affected by calving season, calving age, days open and age x days open interactions, the actual milk production was also affected by calving age, days open, year x season interaction, 2 x 305 days milk production was affected by calving year, calving age, days open and year x season interactions, while all of them were statitically significant (P<0.05-P<0.001). The effects of milk fat percent, milk yield and lactation length were significantly important on actual fat production (P< 0.01- P<: 0.001) but calving age and season had no significant effects on same parameter.
The Main Production Traits of Brown Cattle and the Effects of Environmental Factors Upon Them In this research the reproduction performance, milk yield and growth traits and environmental factor effects these production traits has been studied in the Brown Cattle in Eskişehir Anadolu State Farm conditions. During the research periods (1992-1995), pregnancy, calving, abortion and stillbirhts rates were estimated % 90.06, 97.25, 3.22 and 2.76 respectively. For the Brown heifers, the age at first insemination, interval from first insemination to conception, number of inseminations per conception and age at first calving means were found 555.90 days, 50.58 days, 2. 19 and 878.42 days respectively.For the Brown cows, interval from calving to first insemination, interval from first insemination to conception, days open, number of inseminations per conception, calving interval and gestation length means were determined 55.31 days, 39.68 days, 94.40 days, 2.15, 374.98 days and 287.65 days respectively. For the Brown cows, lactation length, the actual and 2 x 305 day milk yield were determined as 302.95 days, 3617.8 kg and 3491.1 kg respectively, actually and 305 day milk fat yields were 133.02 kg and 132.32 kg respectively, milk fat content was % 3.79. The weights of calves at birth, third, sixth, ninth and twelvth months of age were measure 41.36 kg, 95.64 kg, 150.15 kg, 218.05 kg and 279.63 kg respectively.The average live weights of females at 20 months old were 322. 1 1 kg and older than 24 months during mating periods was 547.2 kg. At heifers, the age at first insemination, interval from first insemination to conception, number of inseminations to per conception; at cows the interval from calving to first insemination, interval from first insemination to conception, days open, number of inseminations per conception, calving intervaland gestation length were affected by mating or calving year.Also, At heifer the interval first insemination to conception and number of inseminations per conception and at cows gestation length were affected by season. It has been found that calving age significantly affect the interval from calving to first insemination, days open, gestation length (P<0.05 - P< 0.001) The effects of year and season interactions; at heifer on interval from first insemination to conception, number of inseminations per conception, and age at first calving, at cows the interval from first insemination to conception, days open and number of inseminations per conception were estimated statistically significant (P< 0.01 - P< 0.001). Lactation length, one of milk production traits, has been affected by calving season, calving age, days open and age x days open interactions, the actual milk production was also affected by calving age, days open, year x season interaction, 2 x 305 days milk production was affected by calving year, calving age, days open and year x season interactions, while all of them were statitically significant (P<0.05-P<0.001). The effects of milk fat percent, milk yield and lactation length were significantly important on actual fat production (P< 0.01- P<: 0.001) but calving age and season had no significant effects on same parameter.
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Keywords
Esmer sığır, Dölverimi, Süt verimi, Canlı ağırlık, Çevre faktörleri, Brown cattle, Reproductive performance, Milk production, Body weight, Environmental factors
Citation
Balcı, F. (1996). Esmer ırk sığırlarda başlıca verim özellikleri ve bu özelliklere etki eden çevre faktörleri. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.