14-16 yaş grubu bireylerde spor çalışmalarının sosyal yetkinlik beklentisi ve atılganlık üzerine etkisi
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Date
2007
Authors
Efe, Mehmet
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, 14-16 yaş grubu bireylerde spor çalışmalarının sosyal yetkinlik beklentisi ve atılganlık üzerine olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmaya Bursa ve Sakarya İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüklerine bağlı, araştırmaya destek vermeyi kabul eden okullardan seçilmiş ve daha önce hiçbir benzeri sosyal etkinliğe katılmamış olan 14-16 yaşları arasındaki gönüllü öğrenciler alınmıştır. Çalışmaya alınan spor branşlarının üçü badminton, judo ve atletizm olmak üzere bireysel; diğer üçü ise hentbol, voleybol ve futbol olmak üzere takım sporlarıdır. Tüm branşlardan deney ve kontrol grupları için 60 kız, 65 erkek toplam 125 kişi kontrol grubunu, 60 kız 65 erkek toplam 125 kişi de deney grubunu oluşturmuştur. Deney grupları haftada iki gün 36 hafta (9 ay) branşa özgü temel spor çalışmalarına alınmıştır. Kontrol grubundaki 125 öğrenci herhangi bir antrenman programına katılmamıştır. Belirlenen deney ve kontrol gruplarına kişisel bilgi formu, Sosyal Yetkinlik Beklentisi (SYB) Ölçeği ve Rathus Atılganlık Envanteri (RAE) çalışmalara başlamadan önce ekim ayı başında ön test olarak verilmiş ardından ara takip testi mart ayı başında gerçekleştirilmiş ve son test ise Haziran ayı sonunda yapılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin (S.P.S.S. 13.0); grup içi farklılıklarının karşılaştırılmasında Wilcoxon testi, iki grup arasındaki farklılıkları incelemek amacıyla Mann-Whitney U testi, ikiden fazla gruplar arasındaki farklılığı değişkenlere göre incelemek için Kruskal Wallis, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek amacıyla Pearson Korelasyon Katsayısı testleri kullanılmıştır. Bireysel ve takım sporlarının kontrol gruplarında çalışma sonrası SYBPRAEP’larının çalışma öncesi SYBP-RAEP’larına göre yapılan karşılaştırmasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Bununla birlikte bireysel ve takım sporlarının her ikisinin de deney gruplarında çalışma sonrası SYBP-RAEP’ları çalışma öncesi SYBP-RAEP’larıyla karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur (p<0.001). Bireysel ve takım sporlarının deney ve kontrol gruplarındaki deneklerin SYBP-RAEP’ları karşılaştırıldığında ilk test SYBP-RAEP’larında anlamlı bir farklılık yokken, ara test ve son test SYBP-RAEP’larında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir (p<0.001). Ayrıca deneklerin SYBP’larıyla RAEP’ları arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir (p<0.001). Sonuç olarak, 9 ay boyunca uygulanan branşlara özgü temel spor çalışmalarının, 14-16 yaş grubu bireylerin Sosyal Yetkinlik Beklentisi ve Atılganlık düzeylerini arttırmada etken olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
In this study, the effect of sportive training on the social efficacy expectation and assertiveness of the individuals between 14-16 years old was investigated. The sample of the study was the students who are between 14 and 16 years of age and who have never attended to any similar activity before the training from public schools at province of Bursa and Sakarya. Badminton, judo and athletism were taken as individual branches and handball, volleyball and soccer were taken as team sports. For experiment and control groups from all branches, totally 125 students consisting of 60 girls and 65 boys constituted the control groups of the study and totally 125 students consisting of 60 girls and 65 boys constituted the experimental groups of the study. Experimental groups were taken to fundamental sportive trainings especially pertinent with their branches twice a week for 36 weeks (9 months). 125 students in the control groups were not subjected to any training programme. Personal Data Collection Form, Social Efficacy Expectation Scale (SEES) and Rathus Assertiveness Inventory (RAI) were delivered with appointed experimental and control groups as pre-test at the beginning of October prior to the training, and there after, follow up test was delivered at the beginning of March and the posttest was distributed at the end of June. In connection with data (SPSS 13.0) obtained in this study, Wilcoxon test was used in the comparison of differences within groups ; Mann-Whitney U test was used to examine differences between two groups; Kruskal Wallis was used to study differences among groups more than two and Pearson Correlation Coefficient test was used to inspect relations between variations. It was found that there was no significant difference when compared in the control groups of individual and team sports, their post-training SEESRAIS’s with their prior study SEES-RAIS’s. However, it was found statistically significant differences when compared in the experiment group of both individual and team sports, their post-training SEES-RAIS’s with their prior study SEES-RAIS’s (p<0.001). When compared SEES-RAIS’s of subjects in the experimental and the control groups of individual and team sports, no significant difference was found. But differences were found when comparison of their SEES-RAIS’s was made in the interval test and final test (p<0.001). A significant and positive relation between SEES’s and RAIS’s of the subjects was found at the end of the study. As a result of the study, it was determined that the sportive training applied through nine months is effective to increase social efficacy expectation and assertiveness level at 14-16 age group individuals.
In this study, the effect of sportive training on the social efficacy expectation and assertiveness of the individuals between 14-16 years old was investigated. The sample of the study was the students who are between 14 and 16 years of age and who have never attended to any similar activity before the training from public schools at province of Bursa and Sakarya. Badminton, judo and athletism were taken as individual branches and handball, volleyball and soccer were taken as team sports. For experiment and control groups from all branches, totally 125 students consisting of 60 girls and 65 boys constituted the control groups of the study and totally 125 students consisting of 60 girls and 65 boys constituted the experimental groups of the study. Experimental groups were taken to fundamental sportive trainings especially pertinent with their branches twice a week for 36 weeks (9 months). 125 students in the control groups were not subjected to any training programme. Personal Data Collection Form, Social Efficacy Expectation Scale (SEES) and Rathus Assertiveness Inventory (RAI) were delivered with appointed experimental and control groups as pre-test at the beginning of October prior to the training, and there after, follow up test was delivered at the beginning of March and the posttest was distributed at the end of June. In connection with data (SPSS 13.0) obtained in this study, Wilcoxon test was used in the comparison of differences within groups ; Mann-Whitney U test was used to examine differences between two groups; Kruskal Wallis was used to study differences among groups more than two and Pearson Correlation Coefficient test was used to inspect relations between variations. It was found that there was no significant difference when compared in the control groups of individual and team sports, their post-training SEESRAIS’s with their prior study SEES-RAIS’s. However, it was found statistically significant differences when compared in the experiment group of both individual and team sports, their post-training SEES-RAIS’s with their prior study SEES-RAIS’s (p<0.001). When compared SEES-RAIS’s of subjects in the experimental and the control groups of individual and team sports, no significant difference was found. But differences were found when comparison of their SEES-RAIS’s was made in the interval test and final test (p<0.001). A significant and positive relation between SEES’s and RAIS’s of the subjects was found at the end of the study. As a result of the study, it was determined that the sportive training applied through nine months is effective to increase social efficacy expectation and assertiveness level at 14-16 age group individuals.
Description
Keywords
Sosyal yetkinlik beklentisi, Atılganlık, Takım sporları, Bireysel sporlar, Ergenlik, Social efficacy expectation, Assertiveness, Team sports, Individual sports, Adolescent
Citation
Efe, M. (2007). 14-16 yaş grubu bireylerde spor çalışmalarının sosyal yetkinlik beklentisi ve atılganlık üzerine etkisi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.