M 106 anacı üzerine aşılı bazı elma çeşitlerinde kimyasal seyreltme
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Date
1999-01-11
Authors
Mert, Cevriye
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu araştırma, 1996 ve 1997 yıllarında verim çağına gelmiş M 106 anacı üzerine aşılı bazı standart elma çeşitlerinde NAA (5, 10 ve 15 ppm), Carbaryl (750, 1000 ve 1250 ppm) ve NAA+Carbaryl (5+750 ppm, 7.5+750 ppm ve 10+750 ppm) uygulamalarının seyreltme üzerine etkilerini araştırmak ve meyve yetiştirme koşullarındaki optimum seyreltme uygulamasını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmış ve aşağıdaki sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Nihai meyve tutma oram üzerine NAA, Carbaryl ve NAA+Carbaryl uygulamalarının etkileri her iki yılda da tüm çeşitlerde istatistiki açıdan önemli olduğu saptanmıştır. Jonagold çeşidinde 1996 yılında 7.5+750 ppm uygulaması en iyi seyreltme sonucunu verirken, 1997 yılında ise 15 ppm ile 10 ppm uygulamalarından en iyi sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Granny Smith çeşidinde 1996 yılında NAA ve Carbaryl uygulamaları aynı grupta yer almış ancak, 5 ppm'lik uygulama en iyi seyreltme etkisinde bulunmuş, 1997 yılında ise 10 ppm NAA, 1000 ppm, 1250 ppm Carbaryl, 5+750 ppm, 7.5+750 ppm ve 10+750 ppm NAA+Carbaryl uygulamaları aynı grupta yer alırken 7.5+750 ppm'lik uygulamanın en ryi sonucu verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Starkrimson D. çeşidinde 1996 yılında 5 ve 15 ppm uygulamaları aynı grupta yer almış ancak, 5 ppm uygulaması en iyi seyreltme etkisinde bulunmuş, 1997 yılmda ise 15 ppm'lik uygulamadan en iyi seyreltme sonucu elde edilmiştir. S. Golden D. çeşidinde 1997 yılında yapılan uygulamalar arasında 1000 ppm'lik uygulama en iyi seyreltme sonucunu vermiştir. Meyve ağırlığı, nihai meyve tutma oranına bağlı olarak değişim göstermiş, genellikle nihai meyve tutma ve meyve ağırlığı arasında negatif yönde bir ilişki görülürken, Jonagold çeşidinde Carbaryl ve NAA+Carbaryl uygulamaları, S. Golden D. çeşidinde NAA uygulamalarının pozitif yönde bir etki yaptığı saptanmıştır. Meyve eti sertlik değerlerinde genelde tüm çeşitlerde NAA, Carbaryl ve NAA+Carbaryl uygulamalarının önemli bir farklılığa neden olmadıkları görülmüş ve uygulamaların bazen meyve eti sertlik değerlerini arttırdığı gözlenmiştir. NAA, Carbaryl ve NAA+Carbaryl uygulamalarına bağlı olarak her iki yılda ve tüm çeşitlerde SEKM miktarında kısmen yükselme eğilimi görülmüş ancak, bu eğilimin tüm çeşit ve uygulamalarda önemli ve kararlı olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Meyvedeki pashlık oranında uygulamalara bağlı olarak kısmi bir azalma eğilimi görülmüş, bu eğilim S. Golden D. çeşidinde daha belirgin olmuş ve bu çeşitte meyve paslılığı oranının azalmasında NAA uygulamalarının, Carbaryl ve NAA+Carbaryl uygulamalarına oranla daha etkili olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ağırlık ve verim arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde, tüm çeşitlerde uygulamalara bağlı olarak kısmi ve bazen de önemli farklılıkların olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu ilişki genelde negatif yönde olurken, 1996 ve 1997 yılında Jonagold çeşidinde (r=0.313, r=8.520*), 1997 yılmda Starkrimson D. çeşidinde NAA+Carbaryl uygulamalarında (r=0.377), Granny Smith çeşidinde 1996 yılmda NAA (r=0.724*), NAA+Carbaryl (r=0.023) ve 1997 yılmda Carbaryl uygulamalarında (r=0.102) pozitif yönde olduğu görülmüştür. Seyreltme oranlan, meyve ağırlığı ve ağaç başına verim değerleri tüm çeşitler bazında birlikte ele alınarak incelendiğinde 1000 ve 1250 ppm Carbaryl ve 5 ve 10 ppm NAA uygulamalarının tavsiye edilebileceği görülmektedir.
This research was carried out in the years 1996 and 1997 with the aim of investigating the effects of NAA (5, 10 and 15 ppm), Carbaryl (750, 1000 and 1250 ppm) and NAA + Carbaryl (5+750 ppm, 7.5 + 750 ppm and 10 + 750 ppm) applications on the thinning of some standard apple cultivars grafted on M 106 rootstock as well as determining the optimum thinning applications under fruit growing conditions and the following results were obtained. The effects of NAA, Carbaryl and NAA + Carbaryl applications on the final fruit set ratio were determined to be statistically significant for all cultivars in both years. In cv.Jonagold 7.5 + 750 ppm application gave the best thinning result in the year 1996, where as in 1997, the best results were obtained from 15 ppm and 10 ppm applications. In cv. Granny Smith, NAA and Carbaryl applications were in the same statistical group in 1996, however 5 ppm application resulted in the best thinning effect, whereas in 1997, 10 ppm NAA; 1000 ppm, 1250 ppm Carbaryl; 5 + 750 ppm, 7.5 + 750 ppm and 10 + 750 ppm NAA + Carbaryl applications were in the same group, but 7.5 + 750 ppm application was determined to give the best result. In cv. Starkrimson D., 5 and 15 ppm applications were in the same group in 1996, nevertheless, 5 ppm application leaded to the optimum thinning effect while in 1997, the best thinning effect was obtained from 15 ppm application. In cv.S. Golden D., 1000 ppm application resulted in the optimum thinning among the applications realized in 1997. Fruit weight changed depending on the ratio of final fruit-set; in weight changed depending on the ratio of final fruit-set; in general a negative correlation was observed between final fruit set and fruit weight, whereas positive effects were obtained by Carbaryl and NAA+Carbaryl applications in cv. Jonagold and by NAA applications in cv. S.Golden D. Generally speaking, NAA, Carbaryl and NAA + Carbaryl applications leaded to no significant difference in fruit flesh firmness values in all cultivars, the applications were sometimes observed to increase the fruit flesh firmness values. A partial tendency to increase was observed in WSS quantity in all cultivars in both years due to NAA Carbaryl and NAA+Carbaryl applications, however this tendency was not found significant and stable for all cultivars and applications. A partial tendency to decrease was observed in the russeting rates of fruits in relation to applications, this tendency was more marked in cv. S. Golden D. and it was observed that NAA applications were more effective than Carbaryl and NAA +Carbaryl applications in decreasing russeting in this cultivar. When the relation between weight and yield was examined, partial and sometimes significant differences were observed was in the negative direction in general, whereas it was determined to be positive for cv.Jonagold in 1996 and 1997 (r=0.313, r=8,520*) for cv. Starkrimson D. in 1997 in NAA+Carbaryl applications (r=0.377), for cv. Granny Smith in 1996 in NAA (r=0.724*), NAA + Carbaryl (r=0.023) applications and in 1997 in Carbaryl applications (r=0.102). If the thinning rates, fruit weights and yield values per tree for all cultivars are determinated together, 1000 and 1250 ppm Carbaryl and 5 and 10 ppm NAA applications can be suggested.
This research was carried out in the years 1996 and 1997 with the aim of investigating the effects of NAA (5, 10 and 15 ppm), Carbaryl (750, 1000 and 1250 ppm) and NAA + Carbaryl (5+750 ppm, 7.5 + 750 ppm and 10 + 750 ppm) applications on the thinning of some standard apple cultivars grafted on M 106 rootstock as well as determining the optimum thinning applications under fruit growing conditions and the following results were obtained. The effects of NAA, Carbaryl and NAA + Carbaryl applications on the final fruit set ratio were determined to be statistically significant for all cultivars in both years. In cv.Jonagold 7.5 + 750 ppm application gave the best thinning result in the year 1996, where as in 1997, the best results were obtained from 15 ppm and 10 ppm applications. In cv. Granny Smith, NAA and Carbaryl applications were in the same statistical group in 1996, however 5 ppm application resulted in the best thinning effect, whereas in 1997, 10 ppm NAA; 1000 ppm, 1250 ppm Carbaryl; 5 + 750 ppm, 7.5 + 750 ppm and 10 + 750 ppm NAA + Carbaryl applications were in the same group, but 7.5 + 750 ppm application was determined to give the best result. In cv. Starkrimson D., 5 and 15 ppm applications were in the same group in 1996, nevertheless, 5 ppm application leaded to the optimum thinning effect while in 1997, the best thinning effect was obtained from 15 ppm application. In cv.S. Golden D., 1000 ppm application resulted in the optimum thinning among the applications realized in 1997. Fruit weight changed depending on the ratio of final fruit-set; in weight changed depending on the ratio of final fruit-set; in general a negative correlation was observed between final fruit set and fruit weight, whereas positive effects were obtained by Carbaryl and NAA+Carbaryl applications in cv. Jonagold and by NAA applications in cv. S.Golden D. Generally speaking, NAA, Carbaryl and NAA + Carbaryl applications leaded to no significant difference in fruit flesh firmness values in all cultivars, the applications were sometimes observed to increase the fruit flesh firmness values. A partial tendency to increase was observed in WSS quantity in all cultivars in both years due to NAA Carbaryl and NAA+Carbaryl applications, however this tendency was not found significant and stable for all cultivars and applications. A partial tendency to decrease was observed in the russeting rates of fruits in relation to applications, this tendency was more marked in cv. S. Golden D. and it was observed that NAA applications were more effective than Carbaryl and NAA +Carbaryl applications in decreasing russeting in this cultivar. When the relation between weight and yield was examined, partial and sometimes significant differences were observed was in the negative direction in general, whereas it was determined to be positive for cv.Jonagold in 1996 and 1997 (r=0.313, r=8,520*) for cv. Starkrimson D. in 1997 in NAA+Carbaryl applications (r=0.377), for cv. Granny Smith in 1996 in NAA (r=0.724*), NAA + Carbaryl (r=0.023) applications and in 1997 in Carbaryl applications (r=0.102). If the thinning rates, fruit weights and yield values per tree for all cultivars are determinated together, 1000 and 1250 ppm Carbaryl and 5 and 10 ppm NAA applications can be suggested.
Description
Keywords
Elma, Fruit thinning, Meyve seyreltmesi, Apple, Seyreltme, Thinning
Citation
Mert, C. (1999). M 106 anacı üzerine aşılı bazı elma çeşitlerinde kimyasal seyreltme. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.