Nakşibendi-i Atik Dergahı ve Açıkbaş Mahmut Efendi
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Date
2006
Authors
Altınışık, Kezban
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Seyyid Şeyh Mahmud Efendi 1010/1601 yılında Diyarbakır’da (Amid) doğmuştur. Yaz-kış başı açık olarak dolaştığı için şöhreti Açıkbaş’tır. IV. Murad’ın emriyle idam ettirilen Aziz Mahmud Urmevî’nin kardeşi Âhi Mahmud’un oğludur. Diyarbakır’da ilim tahsilinden sonra valilerin sohbetinde bulunmuş ve Mardin voyvodası olmuştur. Daha sonra memuriyeti bırakarak amcası Aziz Mahmud Urmevî’nin halifesi olmuştur. Amcası o dönemde Doğu Anadolu’nun manevi mürşidi sayılmaktaydı. Amcasının idamıyla beraber ilim tahsiline çıkan Açıkbaş Mahmud Efendi, Kahire, Bağdad gibi önemli şehirlerden sonra İstanbul’a gitmiştir. İstanbul’da Nakşîbendî Dergâhı’nda zikir ve ibadetle uğraşmıştır. Ancak kerametleriyle ilgili rivayetlerin artması ve müritlerinin çokluğu sebebiyle Bursa’ya geçmiştir. Burada Nakşîbendi-î Atîk Dergâhı’nın kurarak irşâd faaliyetlerine başlamıştır. Ayrıca Dâye Hâtun Câmii, Ulucâmii ve bazı büyüklerin evlerinde toplanarak va’z vermiştir. Bu toplantı esnasında, hadislerde geçen duaları ihtiva eden Evrâd-ı Fethiye adlı risaleyi okumaya devam etmiştir. Hakkındaki bazı iddialardan dolayı yönetime şikayet edilen Açıkbaş Mahmud Efendi’nin, Sadrazam Köprülü Mehmed Paşa’nın huzurunda söylediği bazı sözlerden dolayı hapsi istenmiştir. Bu amaçla başhekime öldürücü bir zehir hazırlatmışlardır. Şeyh Mahmud “Bismillah” diyerek zehiri içmiş ancak zehir vücudundan ter yoluyla çıkmıştır. Bunun sonucunda izzet ve ikram ile Bursa’ya gönderilmiştir. Mürşid olmasının yanı sıra şair bir kişiliğe sahip olan Mahmud Efendi, “Resmî” ve “Âcizî” mahlaslarını kullanarak Arapça, Farsça ve Türkçe şiirler yazmıştır. Mahmud Efendi aynı zamanda tarih düşürmekte de mâhirdi. Güzîde isminde tecvidle ilgili bir risalesi, Risâle-i Nurbahşiyye ve aslı Farsça olan Evrâd-ı Fethiyye adlı esere yaptığı ve Evrâd-ı Fethiyye Şerhi olarak isimlendirdiği eserleri bulunmaktadır. Bursa’da irşad faaliyetlerine devam eden Mahmud Efendi, 1077/1666 yılının Rebîülevvel ayının 15’inde vefat etmiş ve Dâye Hâtun Câmii haziresine defnedilmiştir. Vefatından sonra dergâha, kardeşinin oğlu Âhi Mahmud Efendi postnişin olmuştur.
Seyyid Sheikh Mahmut Efendi was born in Diyarbakır (Amid) on the tenth of October in 1601. Because of going around bare headed, his nickname was bare headed. He is the son of Ahi Mahmud who is the brother of Aziz Mahmut Urmevi who was executed with the order of Murad the 4th. After studying science in Diyarbakır, he conversed with the governor of the province and later he became governor of Mardin. After that he resigned from official duty, then he became the caliph of Aziz Mahmud Urmevi. At that time his uncle was respected as a spiritual guide of East Anatolia. After his uncle’s execution, bare headed Mahmut Efendi started studying science and after visiting the important cities like Cairo and Baghdat, he went to Istanbul. In Istanbul he studied on worshipping and reciting God’s name in the Nakshibent dervish convent. However because of the rumours related with his miracles and also because of having so many disciples, he went to Bursa. Here by founding Nakshibent-i Atik dervish convent, he started the activities related with act of guiding. On the other hand, he preached in Daye Hatun mosque and in the houses of same dervishes. During these meetings, he continued reading pamphlets named Evrad-ı Fethiyye which includes the prayers in the sayings of the prophet. Bare-headed Mahmut Efendi, who was complained to the government because of some claims about him, said something to the Grand Vizier Köprülü Mehmet Pasha and therefore he was wanted to be sentenced. With this aim, they have made the head doctor prepare fatal poison for him to drink. Sheikh Mahmud Efendi drank the poison by saying ‘Bismillah’, however; the poison left his body owing to perspiration. In conclusion he was sent to Bursa with dignity and gifts. Beside being a spiritual guide, Mahmud Efendi was also a poet. He wrote Arabic, Persian, and Turkish poems by using “Resmi” and “Acizi” as a pen name. Mahmud Efendi was also talented in giving the date by EBCED. His works are; a pamphlet related with the art of reading Koran rhythmically, a pamphlet named Nurbahşiye and Evrad-ı Fethiyye which was originally written in Persian. Also he wrote an explanation of Evrad-ı Fethiyye. Mahmut Efendi while continuing the act of guiding in Bursa, died in the third Lunar month of 1077 / 1666 and he was buried in the graveyard of Daye Hatun Mosque. After his death, his brother’s son, Ahi Mahmut Efendi, became head sheikh in dervish convent.
Seyyid Sheikh Mahmut Efendi was born in Diyarbakır (Amid) on the tenth of October in 1601. Because of going around bare headed, his nickname was bare headed. He is the son of Ahi Mahmud who is the brother of Aziz Mahmut Urmevi who was executed with the order of Murad the 4th. After studying science in Diyarbakır, he conversed with the governor of the province and later he became governor of Mardin. After that he resigned from official duty, then he became the caliph of Aziz Mahmud Urmevi. At that time his uncle was respected as a spiritual guide of East Anatolia. After his uncle’s execution, bare headed Mahmut Efendi started studying science and after visiting the important cities like Cairo and Baghdat, he went to Istanbul. In Istanbul he studied on worshipping and reciting God’s name in the Nakshibent dervish convent. However because of the rumours related with his miracles and also because of having so many disciples, he went to Bursa. Here by founding Nakshibent-i Atik dervish convent, he started the activities related with act of guiding. On the other hand, he preached in Daye Hatun mosque and in the houses of same dervishes. During these meetings, he continued reading pamphlets named Evrad-ı Fethiyye which includes the prayers in the sayings of the prophet. Bare-headed Mahmut Efendi, who was complained to the government because of some claims about him, said something to the Grand Vizier Köprülü Mehmet Pasha and therefore he was wanted to be sentenced. With this aim, they have made the head doctor prepare fatal poison for him to drink. Sheikh Mahmud Efendi drank the poison by saying ‘Bismillah’, however; the poison left his body owing to perspiration. In conclusion he was sent to Bursa with dignity and gifts. Beside being a spiritual guide, Mahmud Efendi was also a poet. He wrote Arabic, Persian, and Turkish poems by using “Resmi” and “Acizi” as a pen name. Mahmud Efendi was also talented in giving the date by EBCED. His works are; a pamphlet related with the art of reading Koran rhythmically, a pamphlet named Nurbahşiye and Evrad-ı Fethiyye which was originally written in Persian. Also he wrote an explanation of Evrad-ı Fethiyye. Mahmut Efendi while continuing the act of guiding in Bursa, died in the third Lunar month of 1077 / 1666 and he was buried in the graveyard of Daye Hatun Mosque. After his death, his brother’s son, Ahi Mahmut Efendi, became head sheikh in dervish convent.
Description
Keywords
Açıkbaş Mahmud Efendi, Nakşibendi-î Atîk Dergâhı, Aziz Mahmud Urmevî, Diyarbakır, Bursa, Dâye Hâtun Câmii, Mürşid, Mûrid, Postnişin, Bare-headed Mahmud Efendi, Nakshibent-i Atik dervish convent, Saint Mahmut Urmevi, Daye Hatun Mosque, Spiritual guide, Disciple, Head sheikh
Citation
Altınışık, K. (2006). Nakşibendi-i Atik Dergahı ve Açıkbaş Mahmut Efendi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.