İmam Zeyd B. Ali, El-Mecmû'u'l-Fıkhî adlı eseri ve İslâm hukuk düşüncesindeki yeri
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Date
2007-06-05
Authors
Gündüz, Eren
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
İslâm Hukuku'nun ana kaynakları olan Kur'ân ve Sünnet'in, Hz. Peygaber'den sonra sürekli gelisen ve degisen slâm toplumunun hukukî problemlerine çözüm getirmek üzere slâm âlimleri tarafından yorumlanmasıyla zengin bir hukuk düsüncesi ortaya çıkmıstır. Süphesiz bu zenginligin slam toplumunun yararına olması, degisik iç ve dıs faktörlerin etkisiyle ekollesen ve mezhepler halinde farklılasan slâm Hukuku'nun ana ilkelerinin ve kaynak birliginin korunmasına baglıdır. Kur'an'ın metni hususunda bütün slâm hukukçuları ittifak halinde iken, Sünnet'in muhtevasındaki ihtilaf her iki kaynagın yorumlanmasında birbirine karsıt görüslerin çogalmasıyla önemli bir problem haline gelmistir. Bu problemin çözülmesi yönündeki çalısmalara önemli bir katkı saglayabilecegi umuduyla, fıkıh mezheplerinin olusum sürecinin baslangıç döneminde yasayan Zeyd b. Ali (ö. 122/740) ve onun fıkhî görüslerinin toplandıgı el-Mecmû'ul-fıkhî adlı eser tez konusu olarak seçilmistir. Tezin giris bölümünde, Zeyd b. Ali ve eseri konusundaki farklı kanaatler ortaya konmus; I. bölümde yasadıgı dönem, hayatı, siyâsî ve ilmî kisiligi, II. bölümde eserin mahiyeti, müellife nispeti ve muhtevası incelenmis, III. bölümde de eserin bilimsel degerinin ve slâm hukuk düsüncesine katkı yönlerinin ortaya konulmasına çalısılmıstır. Bu arastırma sonunda rivayet ilmi açısından bütünüyle ona nispeti tartısmadan uzak olmasa da eserde ortaya konulan Zeyd b. Ali'nin slâm hukuk düsüncesinin, slâm hukukunun kaynak birliginin korunması ve slâm fıkıh mezheplerinin birbirine yaklastırılması çalısmaları açısından önemli bir yeri oldugu kanaati ortaya çıkmıstır. Zira bu eserin muhtevası hem Zeydîler tarafından benimsenmistir, hem de onda büyük çogunlugu dört mezhep fıkhı ile uyumlu hükümler yanında Ca'feriyye fıkhı ile uyumlu hükümler bulunmaktadır. Hz. Ali'nin fıkıh anlayısını yansıtan eserdeki merfû ve mevkûf rivayetler hem Sünnî hem de Siî kaynaklarca dogrulanabilen rivayetlerdir.
A fertile jurisprudence thought came about by having been interpreted of Qur'an and Sunnah, the main sources of Islam, in order to solve the fundamental legal problems of the Islamic society that changing and developing steadily after Prophet Muhammad. Undoubtedly, to be in favor of the Islamic society of this fertility is conditioned by being protected of the principles and the unity of the sources of Islamic Jurisprudence that becoming different in various schools of thought and religious sects. In spite of the fact that all Islamic jurists agreed on the text of the Qur'an, the challenge of the content of the Sunnah became a crucial problem in interpretation of the both source by increasing opposite views, particularly between the four sunni school of thought and Jafariya. Thinking that it would be a considerable contribution to the studies seeking a solution in dealing with the challenge, it is studied on the place of Zayd b. Ali (died in 122/740), who lived in the outset period of the formation process of the Islamic fiqh schools, in the Islamic jurisprudence and the so-called his book titled al-Majmu' al-Fiqhî, a collection of his thoughts on fiqh. In conclusion, it seems that the Islamic jurisprudence thought of Zayd b. Ali in his book, al-Majmu' al-Fiqhî, even though it is not free from doubt belonging entirely to him from the point of view of ilm al-rivayah, is considerably important in terms of protecting the unity of the sources of Islamic jurisprudence, and bridging between the fiqh of the four sunni madhabs and of the others. Since, both the content of this book accepted by Zaydiyyah and there has been many verdicts in the book in accordance with the fiqh of the four sunni madhabs and as well as Jafariyya. In the book, the marfu' (elevated or traceable) and mawquf (sayings of Sahabah) rivayahs that reflect the fiqh understanding of Ali, the fourth caliph in the Islamic history and the nephew of the Prophet Muhammad, are confirmable rivayahs by both sources of the Sunnis and of the Shia.
A fertile jurisprudence thought came about by having been interpreted of Qur'an and Sunnah, the main sources of Islam, in order to solve the fundamental legal problems of the Islamic society that changing and developing steadily after Prophet Muhammad. Undoubtedly, to be in favor of the Islamic society of this fertility is conditioned by being protected of the principles and the unity of the sources of Islamic Jurisprudence that becoming different in various schools of thought and religious sects. In spite of the fact that all Islamic jurists agreed on the text of the Qur'an, the challenge of the content of the Sunnah became a crucial problem in interpretation of the both source by increasing opposite views, particularly between the four sunni school of thought and Jafariya. Thinking that it would be a considerable contribution to the studies seeking a solution in dealing with the challenge, it is studied on the place of Zayd b. Ali (died in 122/740), who lived in the outset period of the formation process of the Islamic fiqh schools, in the Islamic jurisprudence and the so-called his book titled al-Majmu' al-Fiqhî, a collection of his thoughts on fiqh. In conclusion, it seems that the Islamic jurisprudence thought of Zayd b. Ali in his book, al-Majmu' al-Fiqhî, even though it is not free from doubt belonging entirely to him from the point of view of ilm al-rivayah, is considerably important in terms of protecting the unity of the sources of Islamic jurisprudence, and bridging between the fiqh of the four sunni madhabs and of the others. Since, both the content of this book accepted by Zaydiyyah and there has been many verdicts in the book in accordance with the fiqh of the four sunni madhabs and as well as Jafariyya. In the book, the marfu' (elevated or traceable) and mawquf (sayings of Sahabah) rivayahs that reflect the fiqh understanding of Ali, the fourth caliph in the Islamic history and the nephew of the Prophet Muhammad, are confirmable rivayahs by both sources of the Sunnis and of the Shia.
Description
Keywords
İslâm hukuku, Zeyd b. Ali, Zeydiyye, Ehl-i sünnet, Şia, Dört mezhep, Ca’feriyye, El-Mecmû’u’l-Fıkhî, Islamic jurisprudence, Zayd b. Ali, Zaydiyyah, Ahl-i Sunnah, Shia, The four fiqh school, Jafariyya, Al-Majmu' al-Fiqhî
Citation
Gündüz, E. (2007). İmam Zeyd B. Ali, El-Mecmû'u'l-Fıkhî adlı eseri ve İslâm hukuk düşüncesindeki yeri. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.