Türkiye'de yetiştirilen bazı domates gen kaynaklarının tuza toleransları ile morfolojik özellikleri
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Date
2007-07-18
Authors
Turhan, Ahmet
Journal Title
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu araştırmada, tuz çalışmaları Uludağ Üniversitesi Bahçe bitkileri seralarında, melezleme çalışmaları Tat Tohum A.Ş.’de, laboratuar işlemleri de Uludağ Üniversitesi Bahçe Bitkileri ve Toprak Bölümü laboratuarlarında, 2003-2006 yıllarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma iki aşamada yapılmıştır. Birinci aşamada, Türkiye coğrafyasında yetiştirilen otuz üç adet domates genotipi arasından tuza tolerant ve hassas olanlar belirlenmiştir. Đkinci aşamada, tolerant ve hassas genotipler resiprokal olarak melezlenmiş, elde edilen F1 melezlerinin tuza toleransları ve sitoplazmalarının tuza toleransta etkisi tespit edilmiştir. Genotip ve melezlerden elde edilen fidelere, kontrol, 8 ve 12 d/Sm NaCl konsantrasyonları kırk gün boyunca uygulanmıştır. Tuz uygulamaları ile birlikte, 33 adet farklı domates genotipi arasından bitki boyu ve yaprak sayısı, gövde-yaprak yaş ağırlığı, kök-gövde-yaprak kuru ağırlıkları ve K/Na- Ca/Na oranları temel alınarak üç adet tuza tolerant (40395, 40443, 47839) ve iki adet (62573, 70452) hassas genotip saptanmıştır. Bu genotiplerden 40443 ve 62573, 47839 ve 62573, 62573 ve 40443 arasında yapılan melezlemelerden elde edilen F1 melezleri yüksek tuz konsantrasyonunda daha iyi performans göstermiştir. Denemeler sonunda, artan tuz konsantrasyonları ile birlikte tüm büyüme parametrelerinin azaldığı ve bitkilerin toprak üstü ve toprak altı organlarında Na miktarının arttığı, Ca-K iyonlarının azaldığı ve bu azalmaların duyarlı genotip ve melezlerde yüksek, tolerant olanlarda daha az gerçekleştiği belirlenmiştir. Yüksek tuz konsantrasyonlarında K-Ca iyonlarını daha yüksek miktarda alabilen ve bünyelerinde K/Na-Ca/Na oranlarını yüksek tutabilenlerin tuz konsantrasyonlarına dayanıklı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tuza toleransta sitoplazmanın etkileri bakımından farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Melezlemelerin tümünde sitoplazmanın bir parametre üzerine etkisi önemli bulunmuşken, bir başka parametrede ise aynı melezlemede etkisinin olmadığı görülmüştür. Bu nedenle sitoplazmanın tuza toleransta karmaşık bir yapı gösterdiği saptanmıştır.
This study was undertaken between the years of 2003 and 2006. Salt treatments were applied in greenhouse and laboratories of the departments of Horticulture and Soil Sciences at Uludağ University. Crossings were completed at TAT Joint-Stock Company. The study was carried out in two stages: in the first stage Salt tolerance differences amongst 33 different tomato genotypes in Turkey was investigated. In the second stage; salt tolerant and salt sensitive genotypes were reciprocally crossed, and salt tolerance of new F1 generations and the effects of their cytoplasms on salt tolerance was tested. Different salt concentrations (control, 8, 12 dS/m NaCl) were applied on genotypes and new crossings for 40 days. Starting with salt treatments, amongst 33 different tomato genotypes 3 salt tolerant (40395, 40443, 47839) and 2 salt sensitive (62357, 70452) genotypes were determined according to plant height leaf number, stem-leaf raw weight, root-stem-leaf dry weight and the ratio of K/Na and Ca/Na. New crossings between 40443 and 62573, 47839 and 62573, 62573 and 40443, had better performance against salt tolerance. At the end of treatments, with increasing NaCl concentrations, a decrease in growth parameters was observed. it was determined that by increasing NaCl applications, the amount of Na in under ground and over ground organs was increasing and the amount of Ca and K ions were decreased in salt tolerance genotypes. However, this decrease in salt tolerant genotypes was restricted as compared to salt sensitive genotypes. It was also observed that the genotypes and crossing better accumulating K and Ca ions in their stem with high levels of K/Na and Ca/Na concentrations were more salt tolerant. Differences were detected for cytoplasm effects. Effects of cytoplasm on some parameters were statistically significant whereas for some other parameters it was proved otherwise.
This study was undertaken between the years of 2003 and 2006. Salt treatments were applied in greenhouse and laboratories of the departments of Horticulture and Soil Sciences at Uludağ University. Crossings were completed at TAT Joint-Stock Company. The study was carried out in two stages: in the first stage Salt tolerance differences amongst 33 different tomato genotypes in Turkey was investigated. In the second stage; salt tolerant and salt sensitive genotypes were reciprocally crossed, and salt tolerance of new F1 generations and the effects of their cytoplasms on salt tolerance was tested. Different salt concentrations (control, 8, 12 dS/m NaCl) were applied on genotypes and new crossings for 40 days. Starting with salt treatments, amongst 33 different tomato genotypes 3 salt tolerant (40395, 40443, 47839) and 2 salt sensitive (62357, 70452) genotypes were determined according to plant height leaf number, stem-leaf raw weight, root-stem-leaf dry weight and the ratio of K/Na and Ca/Na. New crossings between 40443 and 62573, 47839 and 62573, 62573 and 40443, had better performance against salt tolerance. At the end of treatments, with increasing NaCl concentrations, a decrease in growth parameters was observed. it was determined that by increasing NaCl applications, the amount of Na in under ground and over ground organs was increasing and the amount of Ca and K ions were decreased in salt tolerance genotypes. However, this decrease in salt tolerant genotypes was restricted as compared to salt sensitive genotypes. It was also observed that the genotypes and crossing better accumulating K and Ca ions in their stem with high levels of K/Na and Ca/Na concentrations were more salt tolerant. Differences were detected for cytoplasm effects. Effects of cytoplasm on some parameters were statistically significant whereas for some other parameters it was proved otherwise.
Description
Keywords
NaCl, Tuza tolerans, Domates, Tolerans indeksi, Melezleme, Salt tolerance, Tomato, Tolerance index, Cross-pollinations
Citation
Turhan, A. (2007). Türkiye'de yetiştirilen bazı domates gen kaynaklarının tuza toleransları ile morfolojik özellikleri. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.