Bursa Atmosferi'ndeki ağır metallerin kuru çökelme akılarının belirlenmesi
Loading...
Files
Date
2004-03-09
Authors
Kural, Can
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Kuru çökelmenin, bazı bölgelerdeki yüzeysel sulara giren kirleticiler (ör. organik, ağır metaller) için önemli bir kaynak oluşturduğu bulunmuştur. Kuru çökelmenin bu önemini ortaya koymak için doğru ölçümlerin gerçekleştirilmesi gereklidir. Ancak, direkt ölçümlerdeki zorluklar ve belirsizlikler nedenleriyle bu tam olarak gerçekleştirilememektedir. Bu çalışmada, Bursa atmosferindeki iz metallerin kuru çökelme akıları ve atmosferik konsantrasyonları ölçülmüş, bu değerler kullanılarak kuru çökelme hızları hesaplanmıştır. Akı örnekleri gresli yüzeyler kullanılarak alınmıştır. Konsantrasyon seviyelerinin belirlenmesinde ise Yüksek Hacimli Hava Örnekleyicisi ile toplanmıştır. Örnekler Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd ve Pb metalleri için analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca, örnekleme yerinden alınan toprak örnekleri kullanılarak bu metallere ait zenginleştirme faktörleri de hesaplanmıştır. Ortalama kuru çökelme akıları değerlendirildiğinde, toprak kökenli iz metallere (Ca, Mg, ve Fe) ait akıların antropojenik kaynaklı diğer metallere göre daha yüksek seviyelerde bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Toprak kökenli metaller arasında en yüksek değer Ca metali (24228,37 p.g/m2-gün) için ölçülmüştür. Antropojenik kaynaklı metaller için ise Zn (1004,32 jLig/m2-gün) en yüksek değeri almıştır, iz metallerin atmosferde bulundukları konsantrasyon değerlerine göre sıralamaları ; Ca > Fe > Mg > Cu > Zn > Pb > Mn > Cr > Ni > Co > Cd şeklinde belirlenmiştir. Akı değerlerinde olduğu gibi toprak kökenli metaller arasında en yüksek konsantrasyon Ca metali (5091,57 ± 3648,11 ng/m3) için elde edilmiştir.
It has been proven that the dry deposition is an essential source of pollutants (i.e. organics, heavy metals) entering surface waters in some locations, in order to evaluate the importance of dry deposition, accurate measurements are needed. However, dry deposition is not described properly because of the difficulties and uncertainties in direct measurements. In this study, the dry deposition fluxes and atmospheric concentrations of trace metals in Bursa atmosphere were determined and these data were used to calculate dry deposition velocities. Flux samples were collected by employing greased surfaces. High Volume Air Sampler was used in the determination of metal concentrations. Samples were analyzed to quantify Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb metals. In addition, soil samples were collected from the sampling site and enrichment factors belonging to these metals were calculated. The average dry deposition fluxes of primarily crustal elements (Ca, Mg and Fe) were higher than primarily anthropogenic elements. Ca (24228,37 ng/m2-day) was the most abundant crustal element while Zn (1004,32 u.g/m2- day) was the most abundant anthropogenic element. The measured flux values of Pb and Cd metals related to the settled dust were less than the Turkish Air Quality Protection Regulation Limits. The concentrations of trace metals in the atmosphere was determined in the order of Ca > Fe > Mg > Cu > Zn > Pb > Mn > Cr > Ni > Co > Cd. As seen in flux values maximum concentration was determined for Ca metal (5091,57 ± 3648, 1 1 ng/m3).
It has been proven that the dry deposition is an essential source of pollutants (i.e. organics, heavy metals) entering surface waters in some locations, in order to evaluate the importance of dry deposition, accurate measurements are needed. However, dry deposition is not described properly because of the difficulties and uncertainties in direct measurements. In this study, the dry deposition fluxes and atmospheric concentrations of trace metals in Bursa atmosphere were determined and these data were used to calculate dry deposition velocities. Flux samples were collected by employing greased surfaces. High Volume Air Sampler was used in the determination of metal concentrations. Samples were analyzed to quantify Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb metals. In addition, soil samples were collected from the sampling site and enrichment factors belonging to these metals were calculated. The average dry deposition fluxes of primarily crustal elements (Ca, Mg and Fe) were higher than primarily anthropogenic elements. Ca (24228,37 ng/m2-day) was the most abundant crustal element while Zn (1004,32 u.g/m2- day) was the most abundant anthropogenic element. The measured flux values of Pb and Cd metals related to the settled dust were less than the Turkish Air Quality Protection Regulation Limits. The concentrations of trace metals in the atmosphere was determined in the order of Ca > Fe > Mg > Cu > Zn > Pb > Mn > Cr > Ni > Co > Cd. As seen in flux values maximum concentration was determined for Ca metal (5091,57 ± 3648, 1 1 ng/m3).
Description
Keywords
İz metaller, Kuru çökelme, Akı, Konsantrasyon, Trace metals, Dry deposition, Flux, Concentration
Citation
Kural, C. (2004). Bursa Atmosferi'ndeki ağır metallerin kuru çökelme akılarının belirlenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.