Bursa ili buğday alanlarındaki kök ve kökboğazı fungal hastalıkları üzerinde araştırmalar
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Date
1999-06-25
Authors
Arslan, Ümit
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma Bursa ili buğday alanlarında 1996 ve 1997 yıllarında gerçekleştirilmiş olup, kök ve kökboğazı fungal etmenlerinin oluşturduğu hastalığa yakalanma ve yaygınlık oranı, simptomatolojik ve taksonomik özellikleri, patojenisiteleri, buğday çeşitlerinin reaksiyonları ve tohum ilacı olarak kullanılan bazı fungisitlerin etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmalar survey alanlarında ve laboratuvar koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma alanındaki hastalığa yakalanma oram 1996 ve 1997 yıllarında sırasıyla % 14.53 ve %1 1.27, yaygınlık oram ise %38.82 ve %37.97 olarak saptanmıştır. Kök ve kökboğazından yapılan izolasyonlarda en yüksek oranda izole edilen funguslar Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia cerealis van der Hoeven, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler ve Drechslera sorokiniana (Sacc.) Subram and Jain'dır. Ayrıca, bu funguslarm simptomatolojik ve taksonomik özellikleri de kaydedilmiştir. Fusarium spp. veR. cerealis izolatlannm patojenisiteleri sırasıyla %8. 57-100. 00 ve %35.43-100.00 arasında değişmiştir. Kontrollü koşullarda reaksiyonları araştırılan 8 buğday çeşidinden l'i (Saraybosna,) F. culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc. 'a orta derecede duyarlı, F. graminearum Schawabe ve R. cerealis 'e duyarlı olarak belirlenmiştir. Diğer 7 çeşit her 3 etmene duyarlı bulunmuştur. Türkiye'de, Buğdayda Sürme (Tilletia foetiaa (Wallr.) Liro, T. caries (DC.) Tul.) ve Rastık (Ustilago nuda tritici Schaffn.) hastalıklarına karşı ruhsatlı fungisitlerden Carbendazim, Tebuconazole, Maneb ve Triticonazole'un kullanım dozunda F. culmorum'z. sırasıyla %80.00, %80.00, %60.00 ve %28.00 oranında etkili olduğu saptanmıştır.
In this study, it was investigated that the incidence and the prevalence of the disease caused by root and crown rot fungal pathogens, their symptomatological and taxonomical features, pathogenicities, the reaction of wheat cultivars and the efficacy of some fungicides, which are used as seed protectants, in wheat fields of Bursa in 1996 and 1997. The studies were carried out in the survey fields and under laboratory conditions. The incidence of the disease in the research area were found as 14.53% and 11.27% in 1996 and 1997, respectively. However, the prevalence of the disease were 38.82% and 37.97% in the same order. Fungi which are the most commonly isolated on root and crown isolations were Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia cerealis van der Hoeven, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler ve Drechslera sorokiniana (Sacc.) Subram and Jain. Furthermore, the symptomatological and taxonomical features of these fungi were also recorded. Among the 8 wheat cultivars, whose reactions were investigated under controlled conditions, only Saraybosna is determined as moderately susceptible to F. culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc. and susceptible to F. graminearum Schawabe and R cerealis. The other 7 cultivars were found susceptible to the each three pathogens. The pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. and R. cerealis isolations ranged from 8.57% to 100.00% and 35.43% to 100.00%, respectively. Carbendazim, Tebuconazole, Maneb and Triticonazole, which are among the fungicides registered against to bunt (Tilletia foetida (Wallr.) Liro, T. caries (DC.) Tul.) and smut (Ustilago mtda tritici Schaffh.) diseases on wheat in Turkey, were determined as effective as 80.00%, 80.00%, 60.00% and 28.00% againts F. culmorum when the recommended dosage applied, respectively.
In this study, it was investigated that the incidence and the prevalence of the disease caused by root and crown rot fungal pathogens, their symptomatological and taxonomical features, pathogenicities, the reaction of wheat cultivars and the efficacy of some fungicides, which are used as seed protectants, in wheat fields of Bursa in 1996 and 1997. The studies were carried out in the survey fields and under laboratory conditions. The incidence of the disease in the research area were found as 14.53% and 11.27% in 1996 and 1997, respectively. However, the prevalence of the disease were 38.82% and 37.97% in the same order. Fungi which are the most commonly isolated on root and crown isolations were Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia cerealis van der Hoeven, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler ve Drechslera sorokiniana (Sacc.) Subram and Jain. Furthermore, the symptomatological and taxonomical features of these fungi were also recorded. Among the 8 wheat cultivars, whose reactions were investigated under controlled conditions, only Saraybosna is determined as moderately susceptible to F. culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc. and susceptible to F. graminearum Schawabe and R cerealis. The other 7 cultivars were found susceptible to the each three pathogens. The pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. and R. cerealis isolations ranged from 8.57% to 100.00% and 35.43% to 100.00%, respectively. Carbendazim, Tebuconazole, Maneb and Triticonazole, which are among the fungicides registered against to bunt (Tilletia foetida (Wallr.) Liro, T. caries (DC.) Tul.) and smut (Ustilago mtda tritici Schaffh.) diseases on wheat in Turkey, were determined as effective as 80.00%, 80.00%, 60.00% and 28.00% againts F. culmorum when the recommended dosage applied, respectively.
Description
Keywords
Buğday, Kök ve kökboğazı fungal hastalıkları, Patojenisite, Çeşit reaksiyonu, Tohum koruyucu fungisit, Wheat, Root and crown rot fungal diseases, Pathogenicity, Cultivar reaction, Seed protectant fungicide
Citation
Arslan, Ü. (1999). Bursa ili buğday alanlarındaki kök ve kökboğazı fungal hastalıkları üzerinde araştırmalar. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.