Türk tarımında yabancı sermaye yatırımları
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Date
2005-04-07
Authors
Onur, Özlem
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Türkiye'de yabancı sermaye ile ilgili olarak kabul edilen ilk yasal düzenleme 1954 yılında çıkarılan 6224 Sayılı Yabancı Sermayeyi Teşvik Kanunu'dur. 24 Ocak 1980 tarihinde alman kararlar ile yabancı sermaye girişi teşvik edilmiş, bu tarihten sonra yabancı sermaye yatırımlarında önemli artışlar görülmüştür. 1992 yılma kadar devam eden bu artışlar, 1994 yılında Türkiye'de yaşanan ekonomik kriz nedeniyle durgunlaşmış, fakat daha sonra tekrar artış göstermiştir. 1996 yılında ülkemizde 3582 adet yabancı sermayeli şirket faaliyet gösterirken, 2003 yılında bu rakam 4500'e yükselmiştir. Türkiye'ye girişine izin verilen yabancı sermayeli yatırımların yaklaşık % 90'ı OECD ülkeleri tarafından gerçekleştirilmektedir. Avrupa Birliği'ne üye ülkelerin oram ise' % 56'dır. Bunlar arasında Fransa birinci sıradadır. Bu kanun, günün ihtiyaçlarına cevap vermede yetersiz kalıp yabancı yatırımcıların haklarının uluslararası standartlarda korunmasını sağlamaması nedeniyle yürürlükten kaldırılarak yerine 4875 Sayılı Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar Kanunu, 5 Haziran 2003 tarihinde kabul edilmiş, 17 Haziran 2003 tarihli resmi gazetede yayınlanarak yürürlüğe girmiştir. Bu tarihten günümüze 2300 adet yabancı sermayeli şirket kurulmuştur. Bu çalışmada, dünyadaki ve Türkiye'deki yabancı sermaye yatırımları üzerinde durulduktan sonra tarım sektörü ile yabancı sermaye arasındaki ilişki incelenerek, Türk tarım sektöründeki yabancı sermayeli kuruluşlar değerlendirilmiştir. 2003 yılının ilk altı aylık döneminde toplam 1.208 milyon dolarlık iznin 8 milyon doları tarım sektöründe gerçekleşmiştir. Toplamda aldığı pay ise, % 0,64'dur. İmalat sektörünün % 59, hizmetler sektörünün % 30, madencilik sektörünün aldığı pay ise % 10'dur. Tarım sektöründeki yabancı sermayeli kuruluşlar, imalat ve hizmetler sektörü ile karşılaştırıldığında en az yabancı sermaye çeken sektör konumundadır. Tarım sektöründeki yabancı sermayeli kuruluşların sayısı ise 200 civarındadır. Türkiye'deki yabancı sermayeli şirketlerin bu kadar az oluşunun en önemli sebepleri arasında; Türkiye'nin yüksek vergi oranına sahip oluşu ve kayıtdışı ekonominin büyüklüğü gelmektedir.
The first legislation on foreign capital in Turkey is the 6224 Foreign Capital Encouragement Law, which was accepted in 1954. The entry of foreign capital was encouraged after the January 24, 1980 decision and there has been an increase in foreign investment after the mentioned date. The increase, which went on until 1992, has calmed down after the economic crisis in 1994. However, the increase started again. The number of foreign investment companies was 3582 in 1996 and the number went up to 4500 by 2003. 90 % of the foreign investment allowed in Turkey is realized by the OECD countries. The rate of the EÜ member countries is 56 %. Among them, French is the highest leading country. The above mentioned legislation has been replaced by 4875 Direct Foreign Investment Law on 5 June, 2003, because of the reasons that the previous law did not answer the present requirements and protect the foreign investors' right in terms of international standards. Since the approval of 4875, 2300 foreign investment company have been established. In this study, the foreign investments in the world and in Turkey, the relation between the foreign investment and agriculture have been investigated and the foreign investment in the Turkish agriculture has been evaluated. 8 million dollars of the total 1208 million dollars during the first half of year 2003 was in agricultural sector. The share in total is 0.64 %. The shares of manufactured goods, services, and mining are 59 %, 30 % and 10 % respectively. The foreign investment in agriculture is the least foreign investment attracting sector when compared with the manufacture and mining sectors. The number of foreign investment companies in agriculture is around 200. The most important reason of the foreign investment number being so low in Turkey is that Turkey has the highest tax rate in the world and the size of the deficit economy is large. Keywords: Foreign Investment, Agricultural Sector, Foreign Investment Legislation.
The first legislation on foreign capital in Turkey is the 6224 Foreign Capital Encouragement Law, which was accepted in 1954. The entry of foreign capital was encouraged after the January 24, 1980 decision and there has been an increase in foreign investment after the mentioned date. The increase, which went on until 1992, has calmed down after the economic crisis in 1994. However, the increase started again. The number of foreign investment companies was 3582 in 1996 and the number went up to 4500 by 2003. 90 % of the foreign investment allowed in Turkey is realized by the OECD countries. The rate of the EÜ member countries is 56 %. Among them, French is the highest leading country. The above mentioned legislation has been replaced by 4875 Direct Foreign Investment Law on 5 June, 2003, because of the reasons that the previous law did not answer the present requirements and protect the foreign investors' right in terms of international standards. Since the approval of 4875, 2300 foreign investment company have been established. In this study, the foreign investments in the world and in Turkey, the relation between the foreign investment and agriculture have been investigated and the foreign investment in the Turkish agriculture has been evaluated. 8 million dollars of the total 1208 million dollars during the first half of year 2003 was in agricultural sector. The share in total is 0.64 %. The shares of manufactured goods, services, and mining are 59 %, 30 % and 10 % respectively. The foreign investment in agriculture is the least foreign investment attracting sector when compared with the manufacture and mining sectors. The number of foreign investment companies in agriculture is around 200. The most important reason of the foreign investment number being so low in Turkey is that Turkey has the highest tax rate in the world and the size of the deficit economy is large. Keywords: Foreign Investment, Agricultural Sector, Foreign Investment Legislation.
Description
Keywords
Yabancı sermaye, Yabancı sermaye kanunu, Tarım sektörü, Foreign investment, Foreign investment legislation, Agricultural sector
Citation
Onur, Ö. (2005). Türk tarımında yabancı sermaye yatırımları. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.