Ayçiçeğinde (Helianthus annuus L.) kendileme depresyonu ve melez gücü üzerinde bir araştırma
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Date
2011
Authors
Kayın, Hasan
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu araştırma, ayçiçeği hibrid ıslahında büyük bir öneme sahip olan kendileme depresyonu ve heterosis olgusunu belirlemek amacıyla 2009 ve 2010 yıllarında Banarlı, Tekirdağ'da yürütülmüştür. Araştırma iki denemeden oluşmuştur. Melez gücünün araştırıldığı birinci denemede 2 sitoplazmik erkek kısır hat ve 4 restorer testerin melezlenmesiyle oluşturulan 8 adet deneysel hibrid kullanılmıştır. Bu denemede, 8 deneysel hibrid, 6 ebeveyn ve iki adet standart hibrid çeşitle birlikte Tekirdağ, Banarlı lokasyonunda Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Deseninde üç tekrarlamalı olarak denenmiştir. Bu denemede deneysel hibridlerin melez performansları araştırılmıştır. Kendileme depresyonunun araştırıldığı ikinci denemede ise 5 adet ticari hibrid çeşidin (Tunca, P4223, Sanay, Armada ve Teknosol) F1 generasyonu ve bundan kendilenerek oluşturulan F2 ve F3 kendileme generasyonları 2010 yılında Tekirdağ Banarlı lokasyonunda üç tekrarlamalı olarak Tesadüf Bloklarında Bölünmüş Parseller Deneme Deseninde denenmiştir. Bu denemede ana parsellere generasyonlar ve alt parsellere ise çeşitler yerleştirilmiştir. Denemede bu ticari hibrid çeşitlerde kendileme depresyonunun etkisi gözlenmiştir. Araştırmada verim ve diğer önemli agronomik özellikler üzerinde gözlemler yapılarak veriler elde edilmiştir.Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, birinci denemede ebeveynler, onların F1 hibridleri ve standart hibrid çeşitler arasında ve ikinci denemede ise ticari hibrid çeşitlerin F1 generasyonu ile F2 ve F3 kendileme generasyonları arasında gözlenen tüm karakterler bakımından önemli genetik farklılıkların gözlendiği belirlenmiştir. Tane ve yağ verimleri bakımından F1 hibridleri sırasıyla % 82 den % 286,8'e kadar ve % 88,2 den % 291,7'ye kadar değişen yüksek derecede heterosis göstermiştir. Tane ve yağ verimleri için üstün ebeveyne göre heterosis (Heterobeltiosis) değerleri de % 20,3 ile % 221,2 arasında değişmiştir. Her iki özellik için de A2 xB1 melezi dışında tüm deneysel hibridler yüksek derecede önemli heterosis ve heterobeltiosis göstermiştir. Araştırmada incelenen iki önemli özellik olan tane verimi ve yağ verimi için yüksek düzeyde önemli kendileme depresyonu gözlenmiştir. Tane ve yağ verimleri için F1 ile F3 generasyonları arasındaki kendileme depresyonu sırasıyla % 49,6 ile % 73,0 (ortalama olarak % 59,0) ve % 56,4 ile % 78,1 (ortalama olarak % 65,4) arasında değişmiştir. Tane verimi bakımından en az kendileme depresyonu % 49,6 ile Sanay çeşidinde gözlenmiş, buna karşılık P4223 çeşidi en yüksek kendileme depresyonu göstermiştir.Sonuç olarak, verim ve önemli diğer agronomik karakterler bakımından ticari hibrid çeşitlerden ilk iki kendileme generasyonu boyunca yüksek derecede önemli kendileme depresyonu elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, yüksek verim ve yüksek heterosis değerlerine bağlı olarak A1 x B1, A1 x B2, A2 x B2 ve A2 x B3 deneysel hibridlerinin yüksek verimli ümitvar hibrid kombinasyonlar olarak göz önüne alınabileceği belirlenmiştir.
This research was conducted to Banarlı, Tekirdağ during 2009 and 2010 to determine heterosis and inbreeding depression having a great importance in hybrid breeding of sunflower. The study was established from two different experiments : In the fist experiment studied hybrid vigor in experimental hybrids of sunflower was used two standard hybrids, six parents and their 8 F1s obtained by in all possible combinations crossing 2 cytoplasmic male sterile lines and 4 restorer testers. All the 8 F1 hybrids, their parents and 2 standard hybrid varieties were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Banarlı, Tekirdağ. It was studied on hybrid performances of the experimental hybrids in this experiment. In the second experiment researched inbreeding depression in commercial hybrid varieties of sunflower was used F1 generation of five commercial hybrid varieties (Tunca, P4223, Sanay, Armada and Teknosol) and their F2 and F3 inbreeding generation, obtained inbreeding of the F1 and F2 plants of these varieties. A split plot arrangements of three generations (all the F1, F2 and F3 progenies of commercial hybrid varieties) and five commercial hybrid varieties were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Banarlı, Tekirdağ in 2010. The generations were main plots and commercial hybrid varieties subplots. Action of inbreeding depression was observed on commercial hybrid varieties in the experiment. Data were recorded on yield and other important agronomic characters.According to the results of the research, it was defined that significant genetic differences were observed among the parents, their F1 hybrids and standard hybrid varieties in the first experiment and between the F1 generation and F2 and F3 inbred progenies in the second experiment for all the characters. Seed and oil yields showed highly significant heterosis in F1 hybrids ranging from 82 % to 286,8 and 88,2 % to 291,7 %, respectively. Also, heterosis over better parent (heterobeltiosis) values ranged between 20,3 % and 221.2 %, respectively. All the experimental hybrids except A2 x B1 showed highly significant heterosis and heterobeltiosis for seed and oil yields. Highly significant inbreeding depression was observed for seed yield and oil yield, two important characters measured in the study. Inbreeding depression in terms of seed yield and oil yield for the F1 to the F3 ranged from 49,6 % to 73,0 % ( 59,0 % on average) and from 56,4 % to 78,1 % (65,8 on average), respectively.As a result, highly significant inbreeding depression was obtained from the commercial hybrid varieties throught the first two- inbreeding generations in ters of yield and other important agronomic characters. In addition, the experimental hybrids, A1 x B1, A1 x B2, A2 x B2, and A2 x B3 might be considered as promising hybrid combinations for higher yield based on their yield and heterosis values.
This research was conducted to Banarlı, Tekirdağ during 2009 and 2010 to determine heterosis and inbreeding depression having a great importance in hybrid breeding of sunflower. The study was established from two different experiments : In the fist experiment studied hybrid vigor in experimental hybrids of sunflower was used two standard hybrids, six parents and their 8 F1s obtained by in all possible combinations crossing 2 cytoplasmic male sterile lines and 4 restorer testers. All the 8 F1 hybrids, their parents and 2 standard hybrid varieties were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Banarlı, Tekirdağ. It was studied on hybrid performances of the experimental hybrids in this experiment. In the second experiment researched inbreeding depression in commercial hybrid varieties of sunflower was used F1 generation of five commercial hybrid varieties (Tunca, P4223, Sanay, Armada and Teknosol) and their F2 and F3 inbreeding generation, obtained inbreeding of the F1 and F2 plants of these varieties. A split plot arrangements of three generations (all the F1, F2 and F3 progenies of commercial hybrid varieties) and five commercial hybrid varieties were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Banarlı, Tekirdağ in 2010. The generations were main plots and commercial hybrid varieties subplots. Action of inbreeding depression was observed on commercial hybrid varieties in the experiment. Data were recorded on yield and other important agronomic characters.According to the results of the research, it was defined that significant genetic differences were observed among the parents, their F1 hybrids and standard hybrid varieties in the first experiment and between the F1 generation and F2 and F3 inbred progenies in the second experiment for all the characters. Seed and oil yields showed highly significant heterosis in F1 hybrids ranging from 82 % to 286,8 and 88,2 % to 291,7 %, respectively. Also, heterosis over better parent (heterobeltiosis) values ranged between 20,3 % and 221.2 %, respectively. All the experimental hybrids except A2 x B1 showed highly significant heterosis and heterobeltiosis for seed and oil yields. Highly significant inbreeding depression was observed for seed yield and oil yield, two important characters measured in the study. Inbreeding depression in terms of seed yield and oil yield for the F1 to the F3 ranged from 49,6 % to 73,0 % ( 59,0 % on average) and from 56,4 % to 78,1 % (65,8 on average), respectively.As a result, highly significant inbreeding depression was obtained from the commercial hybrid varieties throught the first two- inbreeding generations in ters of yield and other important agronomic characters. In addition, the experimental hybrids, A1 x B1, A1 x B2, A2 x B2, and A2 x B3 might be considered as promising hybrid combinations for higher yield based on their yield and heterosis values.
Description
Keywords
Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.), Heterosis, Kendileme depresyonu, Verim ve kalite, Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), Inbreeding depression, Yield and quality
Citation
Kayın, H. (2011). Ayçiçeğinde (Helianthus annuus L.) kendileme depresyonu ve melez gücü üzerinde bir araştırma. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.