Tekstil boyar maddelerinin elektrokimyasal ve spektroskopik karakterizasyonu
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Date
2018-03-19
Authors
Yılmaz, Derya
Journal Title
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Tekstil boyaları ve yardımcı kimyasallarının üretimi ve pazarlanması konusunda ülkemizde son yıllarda önemli gelişmeler olmuştur. İçeriği ve etkime mekanizması tam olarak bilinmeyen bu maddelerin nitel ve nicel karakterizasyonu; yerli üretimin gelişmesi ve pazar bulması, farklı tedarikçilerden temin edilen kimyasalların hızlı, güvenilir ve zahmetsiz eşdeğerlik testlerinin yapılabilmesi için önem kazanmaktadır. Tekstil boyalarının yüzeye tutunma, renklenme, ısı ve ışık haslığı gibi özellikleri çoğunlukla elektron alış verişi (redoks) ile ve/veya reaktif bölgelerinden kimyasal bağlanma ile gerçekleşmektedir. Klasik olarak işlevsel ve kolorimetrik testlerle birlikte, elektron alış-verişlerinin belirlendiği voltametrik çalışmalarla, yapısal bilgileri içeren IR ve UV-Vis Spektroskopik bilgilerin bir arada değerlendirilmesi ile yeterli karakteristik bilgilere ulaşılacağı düşünülmüştür. Bu çalışmada tekstil endüstrisinde sıklıkla kullanılan reaktif ve bazik boyar maddeler grubundan ana renkleri oluşturan sarı, kırmızı, mavi boyar maddeler seçilmiştir. Bunlar reaktif boyalardan Levafix Red CA, Levafix Blue CA, LevafixYellow CA-N ve bazik boyalardan da Maxilon Red GRL, Maxilon Blue SL, Maxilon Golden Yellow GL EC olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu boyar maddelerinin sulu çözeltilerinde farklı pH koşullarında voltametrik ve spektroskopik incelemeleri yapıldı. Karakteristik davranışlarını belirlemek için, ara renk ve tonlara karşılık gelmek üzere farklı oranda karışımları da çalışıldı. Ayrı ayrı ve birarada bulundukları durumlarda nicel analizleri için doğrusal çalışma aralıkları spektroskopik ve voltametrik yaklaşımlarla incelendi. Ele alınan altı boyarmaddenin pH 2 – 10 arasında her iki teknikle karakteristik özelliklerin belirlenmesi, bu özelliklerin pH ile değişimi, özgül piklerinin saptanması ve bu pik bölgelerinin derişimle değişimlerinin doğrusallığı incelendi. Camsı karbon elektrot üzerinde kare dalga voltametrisi ile yeterince karakteristik değerlendirmeler yapılabileceği gösterildi.
In recent years, there have been significant developments in our country, in the production and the marketing of textile dyes and auxiliaries. For the rapid, reliable and effortless equivalence testing of chemicals supplied from different sources and in order to support the efforts of development and the marketing of domestic production; it is gaining importance to perform qualitative and quantitative characterizations of these substances whose ingredients and mechanisms of their actions are not yet fully known. The properties of textile dyes such as adhesion to surface, coloration, heat and light fastness are mostly based on electron exchange (redox) and / or they are achieved by chemical bonding of the reactive sites. While the planning phase of this thesis, it was predicted that sufficient characteristic information would be reached by performing and correlating altogether the results of traditional functional and colorimetric tests, and voltammetric studies indicative of electron exchanges coupled with IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic data based on structural information. In this study, yellow, red and blue main colours were chosen from the group of reactive and basic dyestuffs which are frequently used in the textile industry. These were identified as Levafix Red CA, Levafix Blue SL, Levafix Yellow CA-N from reactive dyes and Maxilon Red GRL, Maxilon Blue SL and Maxilon Golden Yellow GL EC from basic dyes. Voltammetric and spectroscopic examinations of these dyes were performed at different pH conditions in aqueous solutions. In order to determine their characteristic behaviours, the mixtures of different proportions corresponding to medium colors and tones were also studied. The linear operating ranges for quantitative analysis were studied by spectroscopic and voltammetric approaches, both separately and in combination. The characteristics of six dyes were determined with pH between 2 and 10, and the changes of the characteristics with pH, the detection of specific peaks and the linearity of the changes of these peak regions with concentration were investigated. It has been shown that sufficient characteristic evaluations can be made by using square wave voltammetry on glassy carbon electrode.
In recent years, there have been significant developments in our country, in the production and the marketing of textile dyes and auxiliaries. For the rapid, reliable and effortless equivalence testing of chemicals supplied from different sources and in order to support the efforts of development and the marketing of domestic production; it is gaining importance to perform qualitative and quantitative characterizations of these substances whose ingredients and mechanisms of their actions are not yet fully known. The properties of textile dyes such as adhesion to surface, coloration, heat and light fastness are mostly based on electron exchange (redox) and / or they are achieved by chemical bonding of the reactive sites. While the planning phase of this thesis, it was predicted that sufficient characteristic information would be reached by performing and correlating altogether the results of traditional functional and colorimetric tests, and voltammetric studies indicative of electron exchanges coupled with IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic data based on structural information. In this study, yellow, red and blue main colours were chosen from the group of reactive and basic dyestuffs which are frequently used in the textile industry. These were identified as Levafix Red CA, Levafix Blue SL, Levafix Yellow CA-N from reactive dyes and Maxilon Red GRL, Maxilon Blue SL and Maxilon Golden Yellow GL EC from basic dyes. Voltammetric and spectroscopic examinations of these dyes were performed at different pH conditions in aqueous solutions. In order to determine their characteristic behaviours, the mixtures of different proportions corresponding to medium colors and tones were also studied. The linear operating ranges for quantitative analysis were studied by spectroscopic and voltammetric approaches, both separately and in combination. The characteristics of six dyes were determined with pH between 2 and 10, and the changes of the characteristics with pH, the detection of specific peaks and the linearity of the changes of these peak regions with concentration were investigated. It has been shown that sufficient characteristic evaluations can be made by using square wave voltammetry on glassy carbon electrode.
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Keywords
Boyar madde, Elektrokimyasal karakterizasyon, Redoks davranışı, Dyestuff, Electrochemical characterization, Redox behaviour
Citation
Yılmaz, D. (2018). Tekstil boyar maddelerinin elektrokimyasal ve spektroskopik karakterizasyonu. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.