Kur’ân’da “savm” kavramı
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Date
2019-08-29
Authors
Dinç, Sümeyye
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Savm lafzı temelde ‘ yemek yeme, içme, konuşma ya da yürüme türünden bir fiili yapmaktan kendini tutmak, geri durmak’ anlamındadır. Bununla birlikte sözlüklerde “Atın durduğu ya da ayakta durduğu yer”, “güneşin, gündüzün ortasında gelmiş olduğu tepe noktası”, “ölümü tatmak”, “devekuşunun necisi”, “susuz kır” gibi anlamlara gelmektedir. Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’de ise “savm” lafzı genelde ibadet olan “oruç” anlamında, bir yerde ise Hz. Meryem kıssasında “sükût orucu” anlamında kullanılmıştır. Ramazan orucu, hicretin ikinci yılı farz kılınmış olup varlığı çok öncesine dayanan kadîm bir ibadettir. Hz. Âdem ile başlayan bu ibadetin bütün semâvî dinlerde varlığı bilinmektedir. Bu ibadetin semâvî dinlerdeki mevcûdiyeti ve İslam’ın beş şartından biri olması sebebi ile klasik eserlerde yerini almış ve hakkında muhtelif eserler yazılmıştır. İki bölümden oluşan bu çalışmamızın birinci bölümünde sözlük anlamı, Din bilimlerinde ve Temel İslam bilimlerinde “savm” kavramı ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde ise Kur’ân âyetleri ışığında günümüzde tartışma konusu olan hilalin görülmesi, imsak vaktinin belirlenmesi ve pratik hayata yönelik olarak mukabele, fitre, fidye, ıskât-ı savm ve sahur gibi kavramlar ele alınmıştır. Özetle bu çalışmada “oruç ibadeti” Din Bilimleri; Dinler Tarihi, Din Felsefesi, Din Psikolojisi, Din Sosyolojisi, Din Eğitimi ve Temel İslam Bilimleri; Tefsir, Hadîs, Fıkıh, Kelam ve Mezhepler Tarihi, Tasavvuf alanlarında ele alınıp incelenmiştir.
Sawm notion basically means “to stop, to stand back from doing an act of eating, drinking, speaking or walking.”In addition to this, etimologicaly it takes meanings like the place where the horse lies”, “the peak of the day and night”, “taste the death”, “the dirt of the ostrich” or “waterless field”. In the Qur'an, the word sawm is used to express fasting as a worship, and in one place is used in the story of Meryem/Mary and her “silence fasting”. The fasting of Ramadan dates back to a long time assumed in the second year of Hicret. Starting from the Prophet Adam, this worship is known to be exist in all abrahamic religions. Due to the existence of this worship in the abrahamic religions and being one of the five conditions of Islam, it has taken place in classical literature and numerous books have been written about it. In the first part of this study which consists of two chapters, the concept of “savm” was etymologicaly analysed whithin the context of Religious Studies and Basic Islamic Studies. In the second part concepts such as the appear of the new moon, the determination of the imsaq time and concept has to do with the practical dimension such as mukabele, fitre, fidye, ıskat-ı sawm and sahur are discussed under the light of the Quranic verses. In summary this study of focused on analyzing and discussing “worship of fasting” within the fields of Religious Studies; The History of Religions, Philosophy of Religion, Psychology of Religion, Sociology of Religion, Religious Education and Basic Islamic Sciences; The History of Tafsir, Hadith, Fiqh, Kalam and also History of Sects and Tasavvuf.
Sawm notion basically means “to stop, to stand back from doing an act of eating, drinking, speaking or walking.”In addition to this, etimologicaly it takes meanings like the place where the horse lies”, “the peak of the day and night”, “taste the death”, “the dirt of the ostrich” or “waterless field”. In the Qur'an, the word sawm is used to express fasting as a worship, and in one place is used in the story of Meryem/Mary and her “silence fasting”. The fasting of Ramadan dates back to a long time assumed in the second year of Hicret. Starting from the Prophet Adam, this worship is known to be exist in all abrahamic religions. Due to the existence of this worship in the abrahamic religions and being one of the five conditions of Islam, it has taken place in classical literature and numerous books have been written about it. In the first part of this study which consists of two chapters, the concept of “savm” was etymologicaly analysed whithin the context of Religious Studies and Basic Islamic Studies. In the second part concepts such as the appear of the new moon, the determination of the imsaq time and concept has to do with the practical dimension such as mukabele, fitre, fidye, ıskat-ı sawm and sahur are discussed under the light of the Quranic verses. In summary this study of focused on analyzing and discussing “worship of fasting” within the fields of Religious Studies; The History of Religions, Philosophy of Religion, Psychology of Religion, Sociology of Religion, Religious Education and Basic Islamic Sciences; The History of Tafsir, Hadith, Fiqh, Kalam and also History of Sects and Tasavvuf.
Description
Keywords
Kur’ân-ı Kerîm, Qur’an, Savm, İbadet, Ramazan, Sawm, Worship, Ramadan
Citation
Dinç, S. (2019). Kur’ân’da “savm” kavramı. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.