Mustafakemalpaşa yöresi kimi sebze bahçelerinin beslenme durumlarının toprak, bitki ve meyve analizleri ile belirlenmesi
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Date
2021-10-20
Authors
Gül, Tuncay
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma, Bursa ili Mustafakemalpaşa ilçesinde mısır ve domates yetiştiriciliği yapılan kimi toprakların verimlilik durumlarının toprak, bitki, tanemeyve analizleri ile belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Mustafakemalpaşa ilçesinde farklı lokasyonlarda yer alan beş mısır ve iki domates bahçesinden; vejetasyon öncesi dönemde Nisan ayında ve vejetasyon sonrası dönemde Kasım ayında alınan toprak örneklerinin analizleri; Temmuz ayında alınan yaprak ve hasat döneminde alınan tane ve meyve örneklerinin de bitki besin elementi analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan toprak, yaprak, tane ve meyve analizi sonuçları referans değerlerle karşılaştırılmış ve bitkilerin beslenme durumları ortaya konularak bahçelerin beslenme ile ilgili sorunları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; Mustafakemalpaşa yöresinde mısır ve domates yetiştiriciliği yapılan toprakların genel olarak kil bünyeli ve hafif tuzlu olduğu, pH değerlerinin 6,07 ile 8,19 arasında, kireç içeriklerinin % 0,38 ile % 5,76 arasında, organik madde içeriklerinin ise % 0,49 ile % 3,21 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Nisan ve Kasım dönemlerinde alınan toprak örnekleri arasında besin elementlerinin yetersiz, sınırlar içinde ve fazla olduğu alanlar tespit edilmiştir. Toprakta azot % 0,031-0,201, fosfor 4,13-66,36 mg kg-1 , potasyum 92,00-704,00 mg kg-1 , kalsiyum 3255,00-8358,00 mg kg-1 , magnezyum 415,70-1993,90 mg kg-1 , sodyum ise 95,30-231,30 mg kg-1 arasında saptanmıştır. Topraklarda sodyumun sınır değerde, kalsiyumun fazla, magnezyumun ve borun fazla ve çok fazla, demirin yüksek, bakırın yeterli ve manganın ise yeterli ve fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yaprak analiz sonuçlarına göre; bahçelerin % 85,71’inde azot, % 100’ünde fosfor, % 71,43’ünde potasyum ve çinko noksan ve noksanın altında; % 100’ünde demir ve bakır, % 71,43’ünde kalsiyum ve magnezyum, % 85,71’inde mangan yeterli ve % 100’ünde bor fazla seviyede saptanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmanın sonucunda; yöredeki üreticilerin mısır ve domates üretimini bilinçsiz olarak yaptığı, toprak analizine dayalı olmayan dengesiz bir gübreleme programı izlediği, toprak özelliklerine uygun gübre çeşidi kullanmadığı görülmüştür. Üretimin bu şekilde devam etmesi durumunda yörede yetiştirilen bu ürünlerde dengesiz gübrelemeye bağlı bitki besleme sorunlarının artarak verimde azalmaların yaşanabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
This study was carried out to determine the productivity status by soil, plant, grain and fruit analysis some lands where maize and tomato cultivation in Mustafakemalpaşa district of Bursa. Five maize and two tomato orchards in different locations in Mustafakemalpaşa district; analyzes of soil samples taken in April in the pre-vegetation period and in November in the post-vegetation period; plant nutrient analysis of the leaf samples taken in July and the grain and fruit samples taken during the harvest period were also performed. The results of the soil, leaf, grain and fruit analysis were compared with the reference values and the nutritional status of the plants was revealed and the nutritional problems of the gardens were tried to be determined. According to the findings; The soils where maize and tomatoes are grown in Mustafakemalpaşa region are generally clay textured and slightly salty, with pH values between 6,07 and 8,19, lime contents between 0,38 % and 5,76 %, and organic matter contents with 0,49 %. It was determined that it varied between 3,21 %.Among the soil samples taken in April and November, areas with insufficient, within limits and excess nutrients were determined. Nitrogen 0,031-0,20 % in soil, phosphorus 4,13-66,36 mg kg-1 , potassium 92,00-704,00 mg kg-1 , calcium 3255.00-8358.00 mg kg-1 , magnesium 415,70 -1993,90 mg kg-1 , sodium was found between 95,30-231,30 mg kg-1 . It has been determined that sodium is at the limit value, calcium is high, magnesium and boron are high and too much, iron is high, copper is sufficient and manganese is sufficient and more. According to the leaf analysis results; nitrogen in 85,71 % of orchards, phosphorus in 100 %, potassium and zinc in 71,43 % of orchards are deficient or under deficient; Iron and copper were found in 100 %, calcium and magnesium in 71,43 %, manganese in 85,71 %, and boron in 100 %. As a result of the study; It has been observed that the producers in the region unconsciously produce maize and tomatoes, follow an unbalanced fertilization program that is not based on soil analysis, and do not use fertilizer types suitable for soil properties. It has been concluded that if the production continues in this way, plant nutrition problems due to unbalanced fertilization may increase and decrease in yield may occur in these products grown in the region.
This study was carried out to determine the productivity status by soil, plant, grain and fruit analysis some lands where maize and tomato cultivation in Mustafakemalpaşa district of Bursa. Five maize and two tomato orchards in different locations in Mustafakemalpaşa district; analyzes of soil samples taken in April in the pre-vegetation period and in November in the post-vegetation period; plant nutrient analysis of the leaf samples taken in July and the grain and fruit samples taken during the harvest period were also performed. The results of the soil, leaf, grain and fruit analysis were compared with the reference values and the nutritional status of the plants was revealed and the nutritional problems of the gardens were tried to be determined. According to the findings; The soils where maize and tomatoes are grown in Mustafakemalpaşa region are generally clay textured and slightly salty, with pH values between 6,07 and 8,19, lime contents between 0,38 % and 5,76 %, and organic matter contents with 0,49 %. It was determined that it varied between 3,21 %.Among the soil samples taken in April and November, areas with insufficient, within limits and excess nutrients were determined. Nitrogen 0,031-0,20 % in soil, phosphorus 4,13-66,36 mg kg-1 , potassium 92,00-704,00 mg kg-1 , calcium 3255.00-8358.00 mg kg-1 , magnesium 415,70 -1993,90 mg kg-1 , sodium was found between 95,30-231,30 mg kg-1 . It has been determined that sodium is at the limit value, calcium is high, magnesium and boron are high and too much, iron is high, copper is sufficient and manganese is sufficient and more. According to the leaf analysis results; nitrogen in 85,71 % of orchards, phosphorus in 100 %, potassium and zinc in 71,43 % of orchards are deficient or under deficient; Iron and copper were found in 100 %, calcium and magnesium in 71,43 %, manganese in 85,71 %, and boron in 100 %. As a result of the study; It has been observed that the producers in the region unconsciously produce maize and tomatoes, follow an unbalanced fertilization program that is not based on soil analysis, and do not use fertilizer types suitable for soil properties. It has been concluded that if the production continues in this way, plant nutrition problems due to unbalanced fertilization may increase and decrease in yield may occur in these products grown in the region.
Description
Keywords
Mısır, Domates, Besin elementleri, İnteraksiyon, Verim, Maize, Tomatoes, Nutrient elements, Interaction, Yield
Citation
Gül, T. (2021). Mustafakemalpaşa yöresi kimi sebze bahçelerinin beslenme durumlarının toprak, bitki ve meyve analizleri ile belirlenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.