Osmanlı Devleti’nde II. Meşrutiyet dönemi şeyhülislâmlık (1908-1918)
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Date
2021-07-08
Authors
Kılınç, Kadir
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu araştırmada Osmanlı Devleti’nin son devri olan II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi’ndeki şeyhülislâmlık makâmı kurumsal ve siyasî yönden ele alınıp incelenmiştir. Daha önce bu alanda bir çalışma yapılmaması ve bu devirde meşîhat makâmı tarafından önemli yeniliklerin yapılması ve II. Meşrutiyet döneminin ilmiye sınıfının başı olan şeyhülislâmlık için önemli bir devir olması, bu araştırmanın önemini artıran hususlardandır. Araştırmada, II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi şeyhülislâmlığın kurumsal yapısı, birimleri, dâireleri tanıtılmaya çalışılmış ve buraya bağlı medrese, mahkeme ve komisyonlarla ilgili yapılan önemli yenilik ve nizamnâmeler incelenmiştir. Bu düzenlemelerle birlikte özellikle medreseler büyük bir dönüşüm geçirmiştir. Yeni açılan modern mektepler karşısında önem verilmeyen medreseler ıslah edilmiştir. Ayrıca ders programlarına müspet ilimler eklenerek yenilenmiştir. Ayrıca şer‘i mahkemelerle ilgili düzenlemeler yapılarak mahkemenin sorumluluk alanları belirlenmiş ve burada görev yapacak hâkimleri yetiştirmek için Medresetü’l- Kudât açılmıştır. Tüm bunlarla birlikte II. Meşrutiyetin ilan edilmesi, 31 Mart Vak‘ası ve Sultan II. Abdülhamid’in tahtan indirilmesi gibi olaylarda ilmiye sınıfı önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Bu yeni yönetim sistemiyle birlikte kurulan partilere başta şeyhülislâm olmak üzere birçok ilmiye mensubu katılmış veya destek vermiştir. Böylece din adamları aktif bir şekilde siyasî hayatın içinde yer almıştır.
In this research, the last period of the Ottoman Empire, II. the rank of sheikhul-Islâm in the constitutional period was dealt with and examined from on institutional and political perspective. No work was done in this field before and important innovations were made by the matihat in this period and II. the fact that the Constitutional Monarchy was and important period for sheik-Islam, who was the head of the scientific class, is one of the issues that increase the importance of this research. II. the institutional structure, unit and departments of the sheikhul-İslâm of the constitutional era were tried to be introduced and the important innovations and regulations regarding the madrasahs, courts and commissions affiliated here were examined. Madrasas, which were not given importance in the face of newly opened modern schools were reformed. In addition the curriculum has been renewed by adding positive sciences. By making arrangements regarding the court of sharia, the areas of responsibility of the court were determined and Medresetül Kudât was opened to rain the judges who will work here. Along with all these, the ilmiye class played an important role in the events such as the declaration of the constitutional monarchy, the 31 March Incident and dethromenent of Sultan II. Abdulhamid. Whit this new administrative system, many scholars especially the sheikul-İslâm joined or supported. Thus the clergy actively took part in the political.
In this research, the last period of the Ottoman Empire, II. the rank of sheikhul-Islâm in the constitutional period was dealt with and examined from on institutional and political perspective. No work was done in this field before and important innovations were made by the matihat in this period and II. the fact that the Constitutional Monarchy was and important period for sheik-Islam, who was the head of the scientific class, is one of the issues that increase the importance of this research. II. the institutional structure, unit and departments of the sheikhul-İslâm of the constitutional era were tried to be introduced and the important innovations and regulations regarding the madrasahs, courts and commissions affiliated here were examined. Madrasas, which were not given importance in the face of newly opened modern schools were reformed. In addition the curriculum has been renewed by adding positive sciences. By making arrangements regarding the court of sharia, the areas of responsibility of the court were determined and Medresetül Kudât was opened to rain the judges who will work here. Along with all these, the ilmiye class played an important role in the events such as the declaration of the constitutional monarchy, the 31 March Incident and dethromenent of Sultan II. Abdulhamid. Whit this new administrative system, many scholars especially the sheikul-İslâm joined or supported. Thus the clergy actively took part in the political.
Description
Keywords
Osmanlı Devleti, II. Meşrutiyet, Şeyhülislâm, Nizamnâme, Fetva, Ottoman Empire, Second Constitutionalism, Sheikhul Islam, Regulation, Fatwa
Citation
Kılınç, K. (2021). Osmanlı Devleti’nde II. Meşrutiyet dönemi şeyhülislâmlık (1908-1918). Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.