Gemlik zeytin çeşidinde çiçek yapısının sitolojik olarak incelenmesi
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Date
2012
Authors
Uysal, Tuğba
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma 2010-2011 yılları arasında Uludağ Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümüne ait Sitoloji Laboratuarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada 'Gemlik' zeytin çeşidinde "var" yılı ve "yok" yılı ağaçların sürgünlerindeki somak sayısı, somaklardaki çiçek sayısı, tam ve erkek çiçek oranları, tam ve erkek çiçek yapıları, dişi organ, başçık ve çiçek tozlarının yapıları, boyutları, dişi ve erkek organ anormallikleri ayrıntılı olarak stereo ve ışık mikroskobu altında incelenmiştir.Araştırma sonucunda, `Gemlik' zeytin çeşidinde çiçek gözlerinin oluşumundan tam çiçeklenmeye kadar olan fenolojik gözlem sonucunda, çiçek gözlerinin Mart ayında belirginleştiği Haziranın ilk haftasında da çiçeklenme başladığı gözlenmiştir.Somak yapısı incelendiğinde somaklarda tepe tomurcuklanma ve dallanmalar meydana geldiği görülmüştür. Somaklarda en çok 5'li tepe tomurcuk yapısı ve 3'lü, 4'lü dallanmalar tespit edilmiştir. Genel olarak "Var" ve "Yok" yılı ağaçlarındaki sürgünlerde ortalama 5-27 adet somak oluşumu, somaklarda da 9-30 adet çiçek bulunduğu gözlenmiştir. "Var" ve "Yok" yılı ağaçlarının somaklarında yapılan tam ve erkek çiçek sayım sonuçlarında her iki verim yılının ağaçlarında da somaklardaki tam çiçek sayısı erkek çiçek sayısından fazla olarak tespit edilmiştir.`Gemlik' zeytin çeşidinde görülen tam çiçeklerin kısa kalın boyuncuklu ve büyük tepecikli dolgun ovaryumlu normal bir pistile sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Dişicik tepesinin iki loblu açık yeşil bir yapıya sahip olduğu, boyuncuğun (stilus) epidermis, iki iletim demeti ve bir iletken doku olmak üzere üç kısımdan oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Ovaryumun iki lokulu ve her lokulde iki anatrop tohum taslağı içerdiği tespit edilmiştir. Erkek çiçekte yapılan incelemelerde farklı iki tipte dişi organ anormallikleri saptanmıştır. Birinci tipte dişi organın boyuncuğunun hiç gelişmediği görülmüştür. İkinci tipte ise anormal dişi organların farklı boyuncuk uzunluklarına sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Erkek organda da farklı tipte anormallikler gözlenmiştir. Başçıklardaki anormallikler tek bölmesinde ya da tamamında meydana gelebildiği gibi sadece tek bir çiçek tozu kesesinin gelişmemesi şeklinde anormallikler de tespit edilmiştir.
This study was carried out at the cytology laboratory of Uludag University, Agricultural Faculty Horticulture Department between the years 2010 - 2011. In this study, olive cv Gemlik, the number of sumac of the trees which show and do not show periodicity, the number of flowers in sumacs, the rate and structure of hermafrodit and staminate flower, the structures, dimension and shapes of pistil, anther and pollen were investigated under the stereo and light microscope in detail.At the end of the study, it was observed that at result of the phenological observation which was from the formation of flower bud to full bloom on olive cv Gemlik, flower buds became clear in March and blooming began at the first week of June.When we analysed the structure of sumac, it was observed that apical budding and branching occurred in sumacs. In sumacs, mostly five-part apical buds and branching consisting of three and four parts were determined. In general, in the shoots of the trees which show and do not show periodicity, average 5 - 27 sumacs formation and in sumacs 9 - 30 flowers were observed. At the results of counting which were carried out on the sumacs of the trees which show and do not show periodicity, it was determined that in both kinds of the trees, the number of hermafrodit flowers are more than the number of staminate flowers.It was observed in olive cv Gemlik that hermafrodit flowers have a normal pistil which has short-thick style and big bilobed stigma and stuffed ovary. This study indicated that the stigma is bilobed and light-green, its style consists of three parts: epidermis, two vascular bundles and transmitting tissue. Ovary is detected to have two locules and in both of the locules, it has two anatropous ovules. Researches on staminate flowers showed that there are two different kinds of pistil abnormalities. It was also seen that at first type abnormality, the style of pistil does not develop at all and at the other type, abnormal pistils have different lengths of style. Different kinds of abnormalities were observed in stamen. It was determined that abnormalities in anther may occur either in teka or in complete of it as well as in the shape of absence of development of just one pollen locule.
This study was carried out at the cytology laboratory of Uludag University, Agricultural Faculty Horticulture Department between the years 2010 - 2011. In this study, olive cv Gemlik, the number of sumac of the trees which show and do not show periodicity, the number of flowers in sumacs, the rate and structure of hermafrodit and staminate flower, the structures, dimension and shapes of pistil, anther and pollen were investigated under the stereo and light microscope in detail.At the end of the study, it was observed that at result of the phenological observation which was from the formation of flower bud to full bloom on olive cv Gemlik, flower buds became clear in March and blooming began at the first week of June.When we analysed the structure of sumac, it was observed that apical budding and branching occurred in sumacs. In sumacs, mostly five-part apical buds and branching consisting of three and four parts were determined. In general, in the shoots of the trees which show and do not show periodicity, average 5 - 27 sumacs formation and in sumacs 9 - 30 flowers were observed. At the results of counting which were carried out on the sumacs of the trees which show and do not show periodicity, it was determined that in both kinds of the trees, the number of hermafrodit flowers are more than the number of staminate flowers.It was observed in olive cv Gemlik that hermafrodit flowers have a normal pistil which has short-thick style and big bilobed stigma and stuffed ovary. This study indicated that the stigma is bilobed and light-green, its style consists of three parts: epidermis, two vascular bundles and transmitting tissue. Ovary is detected to have two locules and in both of the locules, it has two anatropous ovules. Researches on staminate flowers showed that there are two different kinds of pistil abnormalities. It was also seen that at first type abnormality, the style of pistil does not develop at all and at the other type, abnormal pistils have different lengths of style. Different kinds of abnormalities were observed in stamen. It was determined that abnormalities in anther may occur either in teka or in complete of it as well as in the shape of absence of development of just one pollen locule.
Description
Keywords
Zeytin, Çiçek, Dişi organ, Erkek organ, Anormallikler, Olive, Flower, Pistil, Stamen, Abnormalities
Citation
Uysal, T. (2012). Gemlik zeytin çeşidinde çiçek yapısının sitolojik olarak incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.