2018 Cilt 12 Sayı 35
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Item Open Access Disinfection of domestic wastewater by solar TiO2 photocatalysis using CPC solar reactor: A case study in Bursa(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-07-30) Şengül, Burcu; Alkan, Ufuk; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.This study intends to evaluate the applicability of solar TiO2 photocatalysis, which is one of the solar-based advanced oxidation processes, for domestic wastewater disinfection. Studies were performed under natural sunlight with a CPC solar reactor and with beakers in summer and autumn months (July-October). Different flow rates (0.21-15 L min -1) and TiO2 concentrations (1-300 mg L -1) were applied in CPC solar reactor and optimum conditions were detected to reach the highest E.coli removal. Optimum flow rate and TiO2 concentration that provided the highest E.coli removal (2.97-log) after 5 hours were 10 L min -1 and 200 mg L -1, respectively. It was observed that the removal efficiencies decreased at TiO2 concentrations above 200 mg L -1. Higher removal ratios were obtained at higher flow rates. This study shows that the application of solar TiO2 photocatalysis using CPC solar reactors for domestic wastewater disinfection in Bursa city appears to be feasible as an environmentally friendly, economical and non-toxic alternative.Item Open Access Effects of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products on energy balances and performance parameters and histological parameters in broiler chicken diets(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-07-17) Belenli, Deniz; Berhow, Mark A.; Polat, Umit; Erdost, Hatice; İlhan, Tuncay; Orman, Abdülkadir; Yesilbağ, Derya; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Histoloji ve Embriyoloji Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Hayvancılık Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Hayvan Besleme ve Beslenme Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı.Glucosinolates are important bioactive molecules and widely found in Brassicaceae species (cress, brussels sprouts, mustard, broccoli, kale etc.). Depending on the amount of these vegetables consumed, both positive and negative metabolic effects from glucosinolate metabolites may occur. The aims of this study were to; investigate inexpensive animal food sources that both increases weight gain and provides enhanced performance parameters without adversely affecting the animal’s health and metabolism; to evaluate dose adjustment of food containing glucosinolates in animals; and to evaluate changes in the biochemical and performance status of chickens on these glucosinolate containing diets. A total of 624 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler line chicks were divided into one control and three treatment groups. Cress seed (Lepidium sativum) was added 0.05% for the first treatment groups (Group 1, 10 g/kg), 0.10% for the second treatment groups (Group 2, 20 g/kg) and 0.15% for the last treatment groups (Group 3, 30 g/kg) to the diet. Serum samples were evaluated for serum glucose, adiponectin, leptin, growth hormone, estradiol and cortisol levels. Performance parameters investigated included feed intake, live body weight and feed conversion ratio. . The villus length, number of goblet cells, crypt depth were determined for histological analyses. According to histological results, villus length was significant at p < 0.05 level between control and group 1 and at p < 0.001 level with groups 2 and 3 at 21 days. The depth of the crypts belonging to the control and experimental groups was not significant between the control group and the group 1 when the statistic was evaluated on the 21st day, whereas between the control group and the group 2, p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; statistical significance was found at p < 0.001 level between group 3 and control group. The results showed that dietary glucosinolate supplementation as feed additive (10, 20 and 30 g/kg) did not significantly improve the dietary performance, or carcass parameters of broiler chickens. Feed intake was the highest in group 2 (20 g/kg), female live weight was the highest in group 2 (20 g/kg) and 3 (30 g/kg). In conclusion, the rates of the cress seed (0.05, 0.10 and 0.15%) that contain glucotropaeolin were not affected for feed additive on performance (especially live weight and live weight gain) and carcass parameters.Item Open Access Potential risk factors associated with broiler welfare of commercial flocks in Turkey: Welfare of the chickens just prior to pre-slaughter catching on farms(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-09-21) McKinstry, Justin Lee; Petek, Metin; Cavuşoglu, Enver; Orman, Abdülkadir; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Hayvan Bilimleri Bölümü.This study aimed at assessing broiler chicken welfare in commercial flocks just prior to pre-slaughter catching on farms, in Turkey. For this purposes seven broiler farms including 28 flocks from two Turkish broiler company were inspected. Each of the studied flocks had identical management programs for broiler. Data was collated over a one year period on four separate occasions to identify any possible seasonal effects. One hundred birds in each flock were assessed for various welfare parameters based on physical and production-related measures. Mean flock slaughter age on the day of visit was 43 days and mean body weight was 2.35 kg in the flocks. Average mortality and feed conversion ratio were calculated as 3.03 and 1.82, respectively. Light instensity, temperature and heat stress index inside the house were highest during the summer visits. The humidity was higher during the winter months, ammonia fluctuated through the year inside the house. There were significant differences for all welfare scores of the birds raised in different flocks (P<0.05) in different season, except gait score. A seasonal effect was observed on gait score. Male and female birds in all flocks had almost similar welfare scores. As conclusion, it can be said that the flocks investigated in this study had reasonably good welfare scores and there is the potential for further improve using new legislation and better implementing existing welfare assurance schemes.Item Open Access Changes in yolk absorption, embryo development patterns and chick quality in small and large eggs obtained from Broiler Breeder Flocks at Different Ages(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-09-11) Sözcü, Arda; Şahan, Ümran; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Hayvan Bilimleri Bölümü.The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of broiler breeder age and egg weight on yolk absorption, embryo development and chick quality in broilers. A total of 3000 hatching eggs were obtained from two different Ross 308 broiler breeder flocks at 36 and 52 weeks of ages. The eggs were classified into two weight categories as small (S: 58-63 g) and large (L: 64-69 g) eggs. To determine the yolk absorption and embryo development during incubation period, yolk absorption, embryo body weight, yolk free body weight and length, shank length were measured on days 14 and 18 of incubation. At hatch, chicks were sampled for determination of chick body weight and length, residual yolk weight and, yolk-free body weight, body and shank length. Yolk absortion and embryo development during incubation period were affected by both breeder age and egg weight. On day 18 of incubation, a higher yolk absorption and relative yolk absorption were observed in embryos from 52 weeks of age flock (9.2g and 43.0%, respectively) compared to other ones from 36 weeks of age (7.8 g and 39.2%, respectively, P<0.01). A lower relative yolk absorption with a value of 39.3% was observed for embryos obtained from large eggs (P<0.01). The embryo body weight and length were found to be higher for embryos obtained from large eggs from 52 weeks of age flock (32.5 g and 17.3 cm, respectively, P<0.01). At hatch, a lower chick body weight with a shorter body length were observed for chicks from 36 weeks of age flock (43.0 g and 20.2 cm, respectively) compared to the chicks obtained from 52 weeks of age (45.1 g and 20.7 cm, respectively, P<0.01). Also, a higher yolk absorption with a heavier chick body weight and length were found for chicks obtained from large eggs compared to small eggs (P<0.01). In conclusion, yolk absorption and embryo development during incubation and subsequently chick quality at hatch were affected by both breeder age and egg weight in broilers.Item Open Access Strain improvement by UV mutagenesis for protease overproduction from bacillus subtilis E6-5 and nutritional optimization(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-08-01) Demirkan, Elif; Sevgi, Tuba; Gokoz, Meltem; Guler, Baran Enes; Zeren, Behice; Ozalpar, Busra; Abdou, Maoulida; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi/Biyoloji Bölümü.The purpose of the present study was to enhance the protease production of the parental type Bacillus subtilis E6-5 by UV irradiation. The parental type was subjected to UV irradiation at different distances (5-15 cm) for different time intervals ( 1-120 min). After each treatment, total 400 mutants were obtained. The mutants were screened on skim milk agar plates for the selection of best proteolytic mutant. Among mutants, the mutant MET39, which obtained at 15 cm distance and irradiation time 5 min of exposure, was selected as best mutant produced 1.5 fold more enzyme over the parent strain. The effects of nutritional factors (various carbon, nitrogen sources and metal ions) on the protease production from MET39 mutant strain were studied. The best carbon source was found as glycerol. Among the inorganic nitrogen sources, the highest enzyme production was obtained in the presence of tryptone. The metal ions did not indicate significant effect on enzyme production. In order to enhance the yield, new modified medium was obtained by combining the best carbon and nitrogen sources. In this medium, enzyme yield was enhanced 88% compared to basal medium. MET39 mutant strain might have a great potential for protease production at industrial scale.Item Open Access A research on solar based renewable energy production(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-07-30) Szczutkowski, Marek; Vardar, Ali; Biçen, Tuğba; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.Increasing consumption of fossil energy resources, which has become a general problem of our world, has led to researches on renewable energy sources as an alternative in developed and developing countries. In this article, the integration problems of population, economy, state politics and solar-based renewable energy production that affect the energy production and consumption of developed and developing countries have been addressed. In this study, the total electricity consumption and production in China, India, USA, Germany and Turkey along with the renewable energy and the value of solar energy in electricity production are considered. Among the countries discussed in the study, the share of electricity production of renewable energycan be seen in light of these data that Turkey has the highest values with 32%. Turkey is followed by Germany with 30%, China with 24%, India with 15% and US with 13%.Item Open Access Effects of zinc-L-selenomethionine on growth performance, carcass yield and selenium concentration of breast meat in Japanese quails(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-07-17) Sözcü, Arda; İpek, Aydın; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Hayvan Bilimleri Bölümü.The aim of this study was investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of organic selenium as zinc-L-selenomethionine (Zn-L SeMet) on growth performance, carcass yield and selenium concentration of breast meat in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 300 quails were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups with 3 replicates (20 quails/each replicate), as control (0 mg/kg), dose 1 (0.1 mg/kg), dose 2 (0.2 mg/kg), dose 3 (0.3 mg/kg) and dose 4 (0.4 mg/kg) diet supplementation of Zn-L-SeMet. The supplementation was applied between 7-35 days of growing period. The quails in dose 2 and dose 3 groups were heavier with values of 179.2 g and 177.8 g, respectively, than control (152.6 g), dose 1 (163.7 g) and dose 4 (167.0 g) at 35 days of age. The highest cumulative feed consumption was observed for the quails in the control and dose 3 groups (respectively, 582.3 g and 580.7 g, P<0.01). Feed conversion rate was more efficient with values of 3.19 and 3.27 in dose 2 and dose 3 groups (P<0.01). Slaughter weight and carcass weight were found to be higher in dose 2 (respectively, 181.2 g and 131.9 g) and dose 3 (respectively, 177.0 g and 129.5 g) groups (P<0.05). The highest Se concentration of breast meat was observed with a value of 0.32 % in the birds fed with dose 4 diet. On the other hand, the lowest Se concentration of breast meat was found with a value of 0.20% in the control group (P<0.01). These findings showed that dietary supplementation of Zn-L-SeMet has a potential stimulating effect for growth performance, slaughter yield and improving of selenium concentration of breast meat in Japanese quails.