Kur'ân'da gaflet kavramı
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Date
2011-06-01
Authors
Akdemir, Büşra
Journal Title
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Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
"Gaflet" kelimesi sözlükte haberdar olmamak, bir şeyi yanılarak ya da kasten terk etmek, yanılmak, ihmal etmek, kayıtsız ve tedbirsiz davranmak, dikkatsiz, aymaz, aldırmaz ve unutkan olmak, boş bulunmak, idrak etmemek, akla/hatıra getirememek gibi manalara gelir. Terim olarak ise, düşünce, ihtiyat ve tedbir azlığından ve az uyanık olmaktan ötürü insana arız olan sehv/yanlışlık ve yanılmadır. Gafletin İslami bilimlerden özellikle tasavvuf alanınındaki anlamı, kullanımdaki son halidir. Söz gelimi tasavvufta kalbin dini eylemlere iştirakını engelleyen şey ve kalbin uykusu şeklinde kabul gören gaflet, kulluk bilincinde olan bir kimsenin ibadet kalitesini düşüren unsur olarak ifade edilir. Bütün kavramlar gibi gaflet kavramı da çift yönlü bir kavramdır. İlk olarak Allah'tan insana doğru düşünüldüğünde kavram, "gafletin Allah'tan nefyi" şeklinde açığa çıkmaktadır. Çünkü noksan sıfatlardan münezzeh olmasıyla Allah, gafletten de münezzehtir. İkinci olarak insandan Allah'a doğru düşünüldüğünde kavram, "insanın Allah'ın ayetlerine, ölüme, ahirete-kıyamete ve Allah'ın azabına olan gafleti" şeklinde anlam bulur. İslamdan önceki kullanımlarıyla dalgınlık, uyuşukluk, uyku hali demek olan "g.f.l." ve türevleri Kur'ân kelime yapısında anlam genişliğine uğramıştır. Kur'ân-ı Kerîm gafletin lügavî anlamını korumakla birlikte ona dinî bir boyut kazandırmıştır. Buna göre gafletin öznesi olan insan, şükür yerine nankörlüğü benimseyen, Allah'ın önünde boyun eğmeyi, O'na teslim olmayı reddeden, zamanlarını oyun, eğlence ile geçirip ahireti hiç düşünmeyen dikkatsiz, hafif meşrep kimseler olarak tanımlanmıştır. Kur'ân'da müspet olarak "zina gibi kötülüklerden habersiz olmak" anlamında kullanılan gaflet kavramı özü itibariyle menfi bir kavramdır. Genel olarak gaflet kavramı Kur'ân'da sözlük anlamı itibariyle "olandan bitenden haberdar olmamak"; dinî ve uhrevî planda ise ihmal etmek, sapmak, yoldan çıkmak, inanmamak, yüz çevirmek ve son tahlilde irşad çizgisine tamamen kayıtsız kalmak anlamlarında kullanılmıştır.
The meaning of "Gaflet" in dictionary is to be awareness; to abandon something intentionally or by mistake; to be mistaken; to neglect; to behave improvidently; to be careless, unsusceptible and forgetful; to not comprehend and not remember. But as a term it means; the situation of inaccuracy and misapprehension that comes to a person as a result of not thinking very well, behaving improvidently and being awareness. The meaning of "gaflet" in Tasavvuf, one of Islamic sciences, is the last state of practice. For example, the thing that prevents heart form joining religious activities is gaflet named with other words as the sleep of heart and it is an element that lows down the quality of practice in a person who is aware of worship.The concept of "gaflet" is double-sided, as many of other concepts are. Firstly if we think it from Allah to human, it means "the banishment of gaflet from Allah". Because Allah is far away from gaflet by being free from imperfect attributes. And secondly if we think it from human to Allah, it means "the gaflet of man towards verses and signs of Allah, death, afterlife-doomsday and Allah's punishment". The pre-islamic uses of "g.f.l." and its derivatives were as abstraction, lethargy and dormancy, but in the vocabulary of Qur'an it has got a meaning wideness. The Qur'an beside protecting the lexical meaning of gaflet, has given it a religious dimmension. So, the man that is gaflet's subject, has been defined as a person who appropriates the ungratefulness instead of thankfullness, refuses to bow down in front of Allah and surrender to him, wastes time playing or having fun and as a wanton who never things about afterlife.Even though the concept of "gaflet" in Qur'an is used as affirmative meaning "being awareness of evils such as fornication", in substance it is a negative concept. The concept of "gaflet" is mostly used in Qur'an as being awareness of things that happen, but as a religious term it is used in meanings such as to neglect, to deviate and go astray, to not believe and finally to be indifferent to the line of irshad.
The meaning of "Gaflet" in dictionary is to be awareness; to abandon something intentionally or by mistake; to be mistaken; to neglect; to behave improvidently; to be careless, unsusceptible and forgetful; to not comprehend and not remember. But as a term it means; the situation of inaccuracy and misapprehension that comes to a person as a result of not thinking very well, behaving improvidently and being awareness. The meaning of "gaflet" in Tasavvuf, one of Islamic sciences, is the last state of practice. For example, the thing that prevents heart form joining religious activities is gaflet named with other words as the sleep of heart and it is an element that lows down the quality of practice in a person who is aware of worship.The concept of "gaflet" is double-sided, as many of other concepts are. Firstly if we think it from Allah to human, it means "the banishment of gaflet from Allah". Because Allah is far away from gaflet by being free from imperfect attributes. And secondly if we think it from human to Allah, it means "the gaflet of man towards verses and signs of Allah, death, afterlife-doomsday and Allah's punishment". The pre-islamic uses of "g.f.l." and its derivatives were as abstraction, lethargy and dormancy, but in the vocabulary of Qur'an it has got a meaning wideness. The Qur'an beside protecting the lexical meaning of gaflet, has given it a religious dimmension. So, the man that is gaflet's subject, has been defined as a person who appropriates the ungratefulness instead of thankfullness, refuses to bow down in front of Allah and surrender to him, wastes time playing or having fun and as a wanton who never things about afterlife.Even though the concept of "gaflet" in Qur'an is used as affirmative meaning "being awareness of evils such as fornication", in substance it is a negative concept. The concept of "gaflet" is mostly used in Qur'an as being awareness of things that happen, but as a religious term it is used in meanings such as to neglect, to deviate and go astray, to not believe and finally to be indifferent to the line of irshad.
Description
Keywords
Allah, Kur’ân-ı Kerîm, Tefsir, Gaflet, Küfür, Qur’an, Tafsir, Küfr
Citation
Akdemir, B. (2011). Kur'ân'da gaflet kavramı. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.