Hadis ilminde teşeddüd ve tesâhül (Cerh-ta'dîl ve hadislerin tahammül ile edâsında)
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Date
2018-06-27
Authors
Dinçer, Ahmet Yasin
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Senet ve metin olmak üzere iki kısımdan meydana gelen hadislerin tashîh ve taz'îfi ictihadî bir iştir. Dolayısıyla bazı muhaddisler tarafından sahih sayılan hadisler, bazılarınca zayıf hatta uydurma kabul edilebilmiştir. Hadislerin Hz. Peygamber'e olan aidiyetini araştırırken çoğunlukla rivayetlerin senetlerini tetkik eden hadisçiler, râvileri tenkit ederken farklı kriterler esas almışlardır. Hadis ilminin "cerh-ta'dîl" sahasında incelenen râviler, metâin-i aşere adı verilen on noktadan eleştiriye tâbi tutulmuşlardır. Bu tenkit esnasında bazı âlimler, ince eleyip sık dokuyarak teşeddüd göstermişler, bazıları da müsamahakâr ve mütesâhil davranmışlardır. Muhaddislerin râvilere olan bu farklı yaklaşımları, rivayetlerin sahih ve zayıf sayılmasına etki etmiştir. Bu çalışmada, âlimlerin hadis râvilerini tenkit ederken, hangi noktada teşeddüd ve tesâhül gösterdikleri ele alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Aynı zamanda bu yaklaşımlarının sebepleri tespit edilmeye gayret edilmiştir. Bu tespit yapılırken, ricâl kaynaklarından istifade edilmiş, âlimlerin müteşeddid ve mütesâhil münekkitlerin verdiği hükümlere yaptığı yorumlara işaret edilerek, müteşeddid ve mütesâhil muhaddislerden istifade edilirken dikkat edilmesi gereken hususların neler olduğu tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Böylece, bugün senet tenkidi yapılırken geçmiş âlimlerin hükümlerinden yararlanma esnasında nelerin göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiği sorusuna cevap aranmıştır. Cerh-ta'dîldeki tesâhül ve teşeddüdden sonra, hadislerin sıhhatini doğrudan etkilemesi sebebiyle, hadislerin nakli meselesi tesâhül ve teşeddüd açısından, hadis usulü eserlerinden istifade edilerek araştırılmıştır. Bunun neticesinde; müteşeddid ve mütesâhil âlimlerin hükümleri, diğer münekkitlerin hükümlerine muvafık olduğunda kabul edilmeli, aksi takdirde çoğunluğun görüşü alınmalıdır sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Tashîh and taz'îf is an ijtihadi work of the hadiths which come from two parts, namely the script and the text. Hadiths, which are regarded as authentic by some muhaddis, can therefore be regarded as weak or even false. When investigating the belongings of the hadiths to the Prophet, the hadiths, who mostly examined the bills of the narrations, adopted different criteria when criticizing the ravis. The ravis examined in the scene of the "jarh-ta'dil" of the hadith identification have been subjected to criticism from the ten points mentioned above. During this criticism, some scholars were sullenly , and some of them were tolerant. These different approaches of the Muhaddis to the hadiths have influenced the narration to be considered authentic and weak. In this study, while trying to criticize the hadith narrators of the scholars, it was tried to be addressed at which point they were sullen and tolerant. At the same time, efforts have been made to determine the reasons for these approaches. While making this determination, it has been tried to determine what needs to be taken into consideration when exploiting the ricâl works and by taking advantage of the muteşeddid and mutesahil narratives by referring to the comments made by the scholars on the provisions given by the muteşeddid and the inclusive terms. Thus, today, when the bill ya da bond criticism was made, answers were sought to ask what should be taken into consideration during the utilization of the provisions of the past scholars. After the tasahul and tashaddud in jarh-ta'dîl, because of the direct influence of the hadith, the transmission of the hadiths has been researched in terms of tesahul and tashaddud, using the works of the hadith method. As a result of this; the provisions of the muteşeddid and mutesahil scholars should be accepted when they are in agreement with the provisions of the other scholars, otherwise the opinion of the majority should be taken.
Tashîh and taz'îf is an ijtihadi work of the hadiths which come from two parts, namely the script and the text. Hadiths, which are regarded as authentic by some muhaddis, can therefore be regarded as weak or even false. When investigating the belongings of the hadiths to the Prophet, the hadiths, who mostly examined the bills of the narrations, adopted different criteria when criticizing the ravis. The ravis examined in the scene of the "jarh-ta'dil" of the hadith identification have been subjected to criticism from the ten points mentioned above. During this criticism, some scholars were sullenly , and some of them were tolerant. These different approaches of the Muhaddis to the hadiths have influenced the narration to be considered authentic and weak. In this study, while trying to criticize the hadith narrators of the scholars, it was tried to be addressed at which point they were sullen and tolerant. At the same time, efforts have been made to determine the reasons for these approaches. While making this determination, it has been tried to determine what needs to be taken into consideration when exploiting the ricâl works and by taking advantage of the muteşeddid and mutesahil narratives by referring to the comments made by the scholars on the provisions given by the muteşeddid and the inclusive terms. Thus, today, when the bill ya da bond criticism was made, answers were sought to ask what should be taken into consideration during the utilization of the provisions of the past scholars. After the tasahul and tashaddud in jarh-ta'dîl, because of the direct influence of the hadith, the transmission of the hadiths has been researched in terms of tesahul and tashaddud, using the works of the hadith method. As a result of this; the provisions of the muteşeddid and mutesahil scholars should be accepted when they are in agreement with the provisions of the other scholars, otherwise the opinion of the majority should be taken.
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Keywords
Hadis, Tesahül, Teşeddüt, Cerh, Ta'dil, Mütesahil, Müteşeddid, Hadith, Jarh, Ta‘dil, Tasahul, Tashaddud, Mutesahil, Mutashaddid
Citation
Dinçer, A. Y. (2018). Hadis ilminde teşeddüd ve tesâhül (Cerh-ta'dîl ve hadislerin tahammül ile edâsında). Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstirüsü.