Fethinden XIX yüzyılın sonlarına kadar Bursa’da Ermeniler
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Date
2005
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Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Osmanlı Devleti’nin ilk başkenti olan Bursa, ilmi ve ticari bir merkez olmanın yanında yüzyıllarca farklı din ve etnik unsurları bir arada barındırması bakımlardan da önemli bir şehirdir. Halkının büyük çoğunluğunu Müslümanların oluşturduğu şehirde Rum, Ermeni ve Yahudiler de bulunmaktaydı. İçinde önemli miktarda Ermeninin de olduğu gayrimüslimler, Bursa’nın sosyoekonomik hayatının her alanında aktif şekilde yer almışlardır. Müslümanlarla birlikte aynı mahalleleri paylaşmışlar, karşılıklı ziyaret, şahitlik, vekillik ve kefillik gibi komşuluk ilişkilerinde bulunmuşlar, mülk alım satımı, borç alıp-verme gibi her türlü ticarî ve ekonomik faaliyetin içinde yer almışlardır. Şer’iyye sicillerine baktığımızda Rum, Ermeni ve Yahudilerin zorunlu olmadıkları halde evlenme, boşanma, nafaka, miras taksimi gibi aile hukukunu ilgilendiren konularda Osmanlı mahkemelerine başvurarak İslâm Hukuku kurallarına göre muamele görmeyi tercih ettikleri görülmektedir. Ayrıca, ticaret, kilise tamiri, din adamı tayini ve vakıf kurma gibi dinî konularda karşılaştıkları problemlerini de büyük ölçüde şer’i mahkemelerde çözmüşlerdir. Arşivlerde, Bursa’daki Ermenilerin gerek şer’î mahkemelerle olan ilişkilerini gerekse Müslüman veya Yahudilerle olan münasebetlerini gösteren binlerce belge bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle incelememizin temel kaynağını Bursa Şer’iyye Sicilleri oluşturacaktır.
Bursa, the first capital of the state, was one of the most important cities of the Ottoman Empire because, beside the fact that it was cultural and commercial centre, for centuries it accommodated people of many different religious and ethnic identities. Majority of people was Muslim but Greeks, Armenians and Jews were living in the city as well. As they shared the same city, followers of the main three religions weren’t supposed to live separately. Therefore non-Muslims, whom Armenians were among them, had active role in socio-economical of Bursa. They shared the same neighborhoods with Muslims and had social relations like visits, testimony, proxy and surety, and had commercial and economical relations as buying-selling house and borrowing-lending money, so that they gave the best examples of living together. As we search sharia court records, we find out that Greeks, Armenians and Jews had applied to Ottoman courts without any force and chosen to be treated according to Islamic law for many problems concerning family law as marriage, divorce, alimony and partition of inheritance. Moreover, they also applied to Ottoman courts for problems connected with commerce and religion like restoration of churches, appointments of religious people and establishment of foundations. There are thousands of records in the archives that demonstrate relations of Armenians of Bursa to Ottoman courts as well as to Muslims or Jews. Therefore Bursa Sharia Court Records will be the main source of this study.
Bursa, the first capital of the state, was one of the most important cities of the Ottoman Empire because, beside the fact that it was cultural and commercial centre, for centuries it accommodated people of many different religious and ethnic identities. Majority of people was Muslim but Greeks, Armenians and Jews were living in the city as well. As they shared the same city, followers of the main three religions weren’t supposed to live separately. Therefore non-Muslims, whom Armenians were among them, had active role in socio-economical of Bursa. They shared the same neighborhoods with Muslims and had social relations like visits, testimony, proxy and surety, and had commercial and economical relations as buying-selling house and borrowing-lending money, so that they gave the best examples of living together. As we search sharia court records, we find out that Greeks, Armenians and Jews had applied to Ottoman courts without any force and chosen to be treated according to Islamic law for many problems concerning family law as marriage, divorce, alimony and partition of inheritance. Moreover, they also applied to Ottoman courts for problems connected with commerce and religion like restoration of churches, appointments of religious people and establishment of foundations. There are thousands of records in the archives that demonstrate relations of Armenians of Bursa to Ottoman courts as well as to Muslims or Jews. Therefore Bursa Sharia Court Records will be the main source of this study.
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Keywords
Osmanlı Devleti, Bursa, Gayrimüslimler, Ermeniler, Ottoman State, Non-Muslims, Armenians
Citation
Karataş, A. İ. (2005). "Fethinden XIX yüzyılın sonlarına kadar Bursa’da Ermeniler". Uludağ Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(2), 81-106.