Motivasyonel ilkelerden paylaşılan temsillere benlik sınıflandırması olgusu: 'İnsanlık kategorisi' kullanımının Aleviler örneğinde incelenmesi
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Date
2020-01-17
Authors
Karlıdağ, Sercan
Journal Title
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Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Kimlik olgusu, sosyal psikoloji disiplini dahilinde, benlik sınıflandırmalarının soyutluk düzeyleri, kimlik boyutları ve motivasyonel içerimleri ile ‘süreç’; sosyal temsil nesnesi olarak ise ‘içerik’ açısından ele alınabilmektedir. Aleviliğin sosyo-tarihsel ve teozofik özgünlüğü olarak ifade edilegelen ve Aleviler tarafından paylaşılan ‘insan olmak’ idea ve nosyonu sosyal-psikolojik açıdan bir kolektif kimlik inşa örneği olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bu araştırmada Alevilerin kimlik formasyonu özelinde insanlık kategorisine dayalı kolektif kimlik kullanımı nicel ve nitel yaklaşımlar yoluyla odağa alınmıştır. Çalışmada, üst-soyutluk (insanlık düzeyi), sosyal ve kişiler arası düzey benlik sınıflandırmalarında hangi kimlik motivasyonlarının (özsaygı, etkililik, süreklilik, ayırt edilme, aidiyet, anlamlılık) daha yordayıcı olduğu sorusunun üç temel kimlik boyutu (algılanan merkeziyet, duygulanım ve sergileme) üzerinden incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Ayrıca, ‘iç-grup’, ‘dış-grup’ ve ‘gruplar arası ilişkilere’ yönelik kalıpyargı-temelli sosyal temsillerle ilgili veriler de toplanmıştır. Çalışma, 64’ü kadın, 142 Alevi katılımcıyla (Ort.yaş= 37.4) İstanbul ve İzmir kentlerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üç benlik sınıflandırma düzeyi için üç ayrı kimlik boyutunda ayrı ayrı gerçekleştirilen hiyerarşik regresyon analizlerinden elde edilen bulgular, kimlik sürecindeki motivasyonel arka planın sadece ‘özsaygıdan’ ibaret olmayabileceğini açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Örneğin, kimliklerini tanımlarken ‘insan olmak’ nosyonuyla ilgili en az bir unsur beyan etmiş katılımcıların kimlik boyutları puanlarındaki varyansı açıklamada ‘anlamlılık’, ‘etkililik’, ‘süreklilik’ ve ‘ayırt edilme’ motivasyonların katkılarının özsaygı motivasyonundan daha anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür. Öte yandan, kalıpyargı-temelli sosyal temsillere dair değerlendirme puanları incelendiğinde, “insanlık” kolektif kimlik ifadesi kullanma açısından, katılımcıların kimlik repertuvarlarında hangi kimlik unsurunu öne çıkartmış olduklarının farklılaştırıcı bir etkisi bulunmadığı görülmüştür. “Sosyal” düzey benlik sınıflandırması özelinde ise, Alevi kimliğini öne çıkartan katılımcılarda, dört motivasyonlu gruplar arası ilişkiler modelinin ‘iç-grupla özdeşleşmeyi’ en iyi açıklayan model olduğu görülmüş ve ‘aidiyet’ faktörünün özgül katkısı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, Alevi kimliğine ilişkin sosyal temsillerin belirgin bir ayırt edici etkisinin bulunmadığını göstermekle birlikte, etnik kimlik ve ana dilin bu kimliği çalışırken dikkate alınması gereken faktörler olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Bulgular, ‘sosyal kimlik yaklaşımı’ ve ‘sosyal temsiller ekolü’ çerçevesinde tartışılmış ve araştırmanın sınır(lılık)ları kritik edilmiştir.
In the social psychology discipline, the phenomenon of identity is evaluated both in terms of ‘process’ (as abstraction levels of self-categorization, dimensions of identity and implications of motives) and ‘content’ (as an object of social representation). The idea and the notion of ‘humanity’, which is expressed and shared by Alevis as showing the socio-historical and theosophical authenticity of Alevism can be seen as an example of the collective identity construction from a social-psychological perspective. The present study, through quantitative and qualitative approaches, focused on the formation of Alevis’ identity and Alevis’ usage of collective identity based on the humanity category in their self-categorizations. The main aim was to see which of the motivational principles (self-esteem, continuity, efficacy, distinctiveness, belonging, and meaning) would predict the superordinate, social, and inter-personal of self-categorizations in three identity dimensions (perceived centrality, affect, and enactment). In addition, stereotypical representations for ‘in-group’, ‘out-group’ and ‘intergroup relationships’ were also investigated. The study was conducted in Istanbul and Izmir with 142 Alevi participants (Mage= 37.4 and 64 of them were women). Findings from separate hierarchical regression analyses of scores from three levels of self-categorization on three identity dimensions clearly showed that the motivational background in the identity process may not be limited only to the ‘self-esteem’ motivation in general. For example, for participants who stated at least one identity element that referred to the notion of ‘humanity’ when defining their selves, the contributions of ‘meaning’, ‘efficacy’, ‘continuity’ and ‘distinctiveness’ motivations were found to be more significant in explaining the variance in the identity dimension scores than the self-esteem motivation. On the other hand, analyses of stereotype-based social representations showed that in- and out-group evaluations of participants were quite homogeneous and independent of whether they specifically referred to “humanity” category or the Alevi identity in their identity definitions. In terms of the Alevi identity elements as an example of social level self-categorization, the most descriptive motivation model for ‘identification with the in-group’ was found to be the four-motive model of intergroup relations; and the single contribution of the ‘belonging’ factor was determined. The results show that social representations regarding the Alevi identity do not have a clear distinctive effect, however, indicate that ethnic identity and mother tongue are factors that should be considered when working on this identity. Findings were discussed in terms of ‘social identity’ and ‘social representations’ approaches, and the scope/limitations of the present study were assessed.
In the social psychology discipline, the phenomenon of identity is evaluated both in terms of ‘process’ (as abstraction levels of self-categorization, dimensions of identity and implications of motives) and ‘content’ (as an object of social representation). The idea and the notion of ‘humanity’, which is expressed and shared by Alevis as showing the socio-historical and theosophical authenticity of Alevism can be seen as an example of the collective identity construction from a social-psychological perspective. The present study, through quantitative and qualitative approaches, focused on the formation of Alevis’ identity and Alevis’ usage of collective identity based on the humanity category in their self-categorizations. The main aim was to see which of the motivational principles (self-esteem, continuity, efficacy, distinctiveness, belonging, and meaning) would predict the superordinate, social, and inter-personal of self-categorizations in three identity dimensions (perceived centrality, affect, and enactment). In addition, stereotypical representations for ‘in-group’, ‘out-group’ and ‘intergroup relationships’ were also investigated. The study was conducted in Istanbul and Izmir with 142 Alevi participants (Mage= 37.4 and 64 of them were women). Findings from separate hierarchical regression analyses of scores from three levels of self-categorization on three identity dimensions clearly showed that the motivational background in the identity process may not be limited only to the ‘self-esteem’ motivation in general. For example, for participants who stated at least one identity element that referred to the notion of ‘humanity’ when defining their selves, the contributions of ‘meaning’, ‘efficacy’, ‘continuity’ and ‘distinctiveness’ motivations were found to be more significant in explaining the variance in the identity dimension scores than the self-esteem motivation. On the other hand, analyses of stereotype-based social representations showed that in- and out-group evaluations of participants were quite homogeneous and independent of whether they specifically referred to “humanity” category or the Alevi identity in their identity definitions. In terms of the Alevi identity elements as an example of social level self-categorization, the most descriptive motivation model for ‘identification with the in-group’ was found to be the four-motive model of intergroup relations; and the single contribution of the ‘belonging’ factor was determined. The results show that social representations regarding the Alevi identity do not have a clear distinctive effect, however, indicate that ethnic identity and mother tongue are factors that should be considered when working on this identity. Findings were discussed in terms of ‘social identity’ and ‘social representations’ approaches, and the scope/limitations of the present study were assessed.
Description
Keywords
Kimlik motivasyonları, Aleviler, Kimlik boyutları, Benlik sınıflandırma düzeyleri, Kimlik unsurları/repertuvarı, Sosyal kimlik, Sosyal temsiller, Identity motives, Alevis, Dimensions of identity, Levels of self-categorization, Identity elements/repertory, Social identity, Social representations
Citation
Karlıdağ, S. (2020). Motivasyonel ilkelerden paylaşılan temsillere benlik sınıflandırması olgusu: 'İnsanlık kategorisi' kullanımının Aleviler örneğinde incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.